Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cross-reaction of HHV6 antibody with that to the other herpesviruses was studied in 96 blood donors whose sera were tested for IgG antibody to human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella zostervirus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). No correlation was found between IgG antibody to HHV6 and that to any of the other herpesviruses in these individuals. Antibodies to HHV6 and CMV were measured in patients undergoing documented serological responses to HHV6. Eleven cases of primary HHV6 infection associated with roseola infantum in babies, 1 of whom suffered from gastroenteritis as well as pyrexia and rash, are reported. Three cases of HHV6 reactivation, 1 in a 3-year-old child and 2 in adults, 1 of whom simultaneously underwent a primary CMV infection are also reported. Our results suggest that indirect immunofluorescence is a specific way of measuring HHV6 antibody, that HHV6 IgG and IgM can be detected in the absence of antibody to CMV and that HHV6 IgM is present both in primary HHV6 infections and in reactivations.
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PMID:Production of IgM antibody to HHV6 in reactivation and primary infection. 215 5

This international case control study was conducted in 14 centers in 9 countries to investigate factors in childhood which may have a bearing on the etiology or pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). 197 patients with UC and 302 with CD (499 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD] whose disease started before age 20 years and whose age at time of study was less than 25 years were investigated, with two age- and sex-matched controls for each patient. All subjects were studied with uniform questionnaires. Eczema was found significantly more frequently in patients with CD (p less than 0.005) and in their fathers (p less than 0.025), mothers (p less than 0.002), and siblings (p less than 0.01) as compared with their respective controls. IBD was significantly more frequent in parents, siblings, cousins, grandparents, and uncles of patients than in their respective controls. The fathers of patients with UC had significantly more major gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases at the time of the patient's birth than the fathers of controls. In North America mothers of patients with UC and CD took vitamin, mineral, and iron preparations during pregnancy significantly less frequently than mothers of controls. Patients with CD and UC consumed a lower residue diet than controls. Recurrent respiratory infections were more frequent in patients with UC and CD (p less than 0.001); it is uncertain whether this preceded disease. Hospitalization for respiratory diseases was more frequent in patients than controls, and the use of antibiotics more frequent in patients with CD. Smallpox vaccination was less frequent (p less than 0.05) in patients with CD, and chickenpox infection was less common in patients with UC (p less than 0.01). No significant differences were found between patients and controls in relation to various human and non-human contacts during childhood. Number of siblings, being an only child, and birth order did not differ markedly between patients and controls, and we could not confirm the 'sheltered child' hypothesis in IBD. The parents of controls were slightly better educated and their social class tended to be higher than those of parents of patients. There were significant associations between some of the main factors investigated in this study. No significant differences were found between patients and controls in the frequency of breast feeding, cereal consumption, sugar added to milk in infancy, gastroenteritis in childhood, major stressful life events, and many other factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Childhood factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. An international cooperative study. 368 76

The effects of environmental factors in the morbidity pattern of 893 children under 5 years of age living in the urban, urban slum, and rural areas of Varanasi are investigated. 273 children belonged to an urban area, 284 to urban slum area, and 336 to a rural area. All 3 areas have general outpatient services as well as underfive clinics. Data on childrearing practices, anthropometric measurements, and morbidity are recorded in the health cards of the children. Various illnesses observed included gastroenteritis, upper respiratory tract infection, stomatitis, constipation, fever, pica, anemia, Vitamin A deficiency, measles, chicken pox, whooping cough, and others. Total illnesses per child were higher in urban slum and rural children compared to the urban group (chi-square=132.7, p0.001). Children who lived in pucca and mixed houses in urban slum and rural areas had significantly higher morbidity compared to the urban group (pucca houses, chi-square=77.01, p0.01; mixed houses, chi-square=16.98, p0.001). The incidence of morbidity was higher in children who lived in inadequately ventilated kachcha houses, had poor source of water supply through open wells and practiced open field defecation compared to those who lived in pucca houses with adequate ventilation, utilized tap water, and were using service latrines. The findings suggest the need to educate mothers and to improve sanitation in order to maintain hygienic conditions for improving the health status of the children. A safe drinking water scheme should be immediately instituted in the crowded urban slums or rural areas. The few wells in villages should be improved and water chlorinated by bleaching powder or chlorine tablets.
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PMID:Influence of environmental factors on underfive morbidity. 730 16

This 6-month survey conducted in the Gandhigram area, which has fairly satisfactory medical facilities, was made to collect baseline data on morbidity patterns, sociodemographic characteristics, and use of medical facilities to determine the form a health insurance scheme should take. 194 households in 4 separate residential areas with a population of 754 were interviewed. Median age of residents was 24.3 years, 74% were currently married, mean living children was 2.5, 70% were matriculates or above, and median monthly income was Rs. 390. Per capita health expenditure was Rs. 2 a month with 93% using the ARMS hospital. 73.3% reported no disease during the preceding 6 months. However, only 16.3% of those under age 2 had no disease. Healthiest age group was 5-14 and those over 40 were next (82.3% and 77.8%, respectively). 8.2% had suffered upper respiratory tract infection. 1.4% gastroenteritis, 3.2% anemia and avitaminosis, 2.8% skin infection (including chicken pox), 1.1% eye, ear, and nose and dental problems, 1.2% injuries, with other conditions causing a smaller porportion of health problems. Greatest problem in the 0-2 age group is upper respiratory tract infection followed by gastroenteritis. 54% were using contraception; 46% of these acceptors had been sterilized with most of them (39%) tubectomised. Condoms, safe period, and coitus interruptus were the next most popular methods. The scheme would include family planning services.
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PMID:Report on a morbidity survey of Gandhigram Community, Tamil Nadu. 1225 33

Inserm has developed, since 1984, an information system based on a computer network of physicians in France. It allows for constitution of large databases on diseases, with individual description of cases, and to explore some aspects of the mathematical theory of communicable diseases. We developed user-friendly interfaces for remote data entry and GIS tools providing real-time atlas of the epidemiologic situation in any location. The continuous and ongoing surveillance network is constituted of about 1200 sentinel voluntary and unpaid investigators. We studied their motivation, reasons for either withdrawal or compliance using survival analyses. We implemented early warning systems for outbreak detection and for time-space forecasting. We conducted epidemiological surveys for investigating outbreaks. Large available time and space series allowed us to calibrate and explore synchronism of influenza epidemics, to test the assumption of panmixing in susceptibles-infectious-removed type models and to study the role of closing school in influenza morbidity and mortality in elderly. More than 250 000 cases of influenza, 150 000 cases of acute diarrheas, 35,000 patients for whom HIV tests have been prescribed by general practitioners and 25,000 cases of chickenpox have been collected. Detection of regional influenza or acute diarrhea outbreaks and forecasting of epidemic trends three weeks ahead are currently broadcasted to the French media and published on Sentiweb on a weekly basis. Age-cohort-period models assessed field effectiveness of mass immunization strategies against measles and influenza in the country. Case-control studies with more than 1200 sets of cases of acute diarrheas and their matched controls showed the role of calicivirus and rotavirus as probable major causes of gastroenteritis during recurrent widespread outbreaks in winter in France. An age-specific model for chickenpox showed the probable role of children in disease transmission to their susceptible parents or grandparents. High level of synchronism between influenza epidemics has been demonstrated, either at a regional level (in France) or between France and the USA. The designation of our lab as a WHO collaborating center for electronic disease surveillance stimulates the development of global monitoring of diseases. We developed operational systems that are now available for the global monitoring of influenza (FluNet), and human and animal rabies (RABNET). Extension of electronic syndromic surveillance is needed in the world for improving surveillance capacities and real-time response against emerging diseases.
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PMID:Virtual surveillance of communicable diseases: a 20-year experience in France. 1708 46

The Dutch National Immunisation Programme (NIP) has been very successful over the past 50 years. In future, this programme shall not include all new vaccines. Such vaccines can, however, be individually administered. At present there are 3 vaccines available in the Netherlands that have not been included in the NIP to date: against varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles) and rotavirus infections. These vaccines are safe and effective. Chickenpox is not always a harmless childhood disease. A chickenpox vaccine is now available as well as a combined vaccine against mumps, measles, rubella and chickenpox. Shingles (herpes zoster) is a common disease in the elderly people. For many patients it is a considerable burden with significant complications, mainly postherpetic neuralgia and herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Vaccination may be considered for people 60 years and older. Rotavirus is much more associated with severe symptoms of diarrhoea than other pathogens. More than 95% of children experience one or more episodes of rotavirus gastroenteritis before their 5th birthday. In the Netherlands about 3400 children are hospitalised each year for rehydration following rotavirus infection. The vaccine is given orally.
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PMID:[Vaccination against chickenpox, shingles and rotavirus-infection]. 1990 Mar 43

A wild-born, 34-yr-old female western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) was transferred between zoologic collections in the United Kingdom. Adjustment to its new environment was difficult and a series of health problems ensued. Progressive severe illness of multiple etiologies, and a failure to respond to multiple therapies, led to its euthanasia 5 mo later. Disease processes included severe thoracic and axillary cutaneous ulceration of T2-3 dermatome distribution, gastroenteritis, ulcerative stomatitis, emaciation, hind limb weakness or paresis, and decubitus ulcers of the ankles and elbows. Ante- and postmortem infectious disease screening revealed that this animal was not infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, simian varicella virus (SVV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), or hepatitis B virus; but was infected with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV). It is hypothesized that recrudescence of VZV and other disease processes described were associated with chronic STLV infection and the end of a characteristically long incubation period.
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PMID:Debilitating clinical disease in a wild-born captive western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) co-infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV) and simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV). 2137 Jun 55

The annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA); which brought together nearly 5000 participants from over 80 countries in Vancouver, Canada, October 21 to 24, 2010; provided a review of the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, evaluated vaccination programmes and presented new vaccines under development. With 12,500 deaths in the United States in 2009-2010, the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic was actually less deadly than the seasonal flu. But it essentially hit the young, and the toll calculated in years of life lost is high. The monovalent vaccines, whether live attenuated or inactivated with or without adjuvants, were well tolerated in toddlers, children, adults and pregnant women. In order to protect infants against pertussis, family members are urged to get their booster shots. The introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in the beginning of 2010 may solve--but for how long?--the problem of serotype replacement, responsible for the re-increasing incidence of invasive Pneumococcal infections observed in countries that had introduced the 7-valent vaccine. The efficacy of a rotavirus vaccine has been confirmed, with a reduction in hospitalization in the United States and a reduction in gastroenteritis-related deaths in Mexico. In the United States, vaccination of pre-adolescents against human papillomavirus (HPV) has not resulted in any specific undesirable effects. Routine vaccination against chicken pox, recommended since 1995, has not had an impact on the evolution of the incidence of shingles. Vaccination against shingles, recommended in the United States for subjects 60 years and over, shows an effectiveness of 55%, according to a cohort study (Kaiser Permanente, Southern California). Although some propose the development of personalized vaccines according to individual genetic characteristics, the priority remains with increasing vaccine coverage, not only in infants but also in adults and the elderly. Vaccine calendars that cover a whole lifetime should be promoted, since the vaccination of adults and seniors is a determining factor of good health at all ages.
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PMID:[Current events in vaccination]. 2148 33

The annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) ; which brought together nearly 5000 participants from over 80 countries in Vancouver, Canada, October 21 to 24, 2010 ; provided a review of the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, evaluated vaccination programmes and presented new vaccines under development. With 12,500 deaths in the United States in 2009-2010, the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic was actually less deadly than the seasonal flu. But it essentially hit the young, and the toll calculated in years of life lost is high. The monovalent vaccines, whether live attenuated or inactivated with or without adjuvants, were well tolerated in toddlers, children, adults and pregnant women. In order to protect infants against pertussis, family members are urged to get their booster shots. The introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in the beginning of 2010 may solve - but for how long ? - the problem of serotype replacement, responsible for the re-increasing incidence of invasive Pneumococcal infections observed in countries that had introduced the 7-valent vaccine. The efficacy of a rotavirus vaccine has been confirmed, with a reduction in hospitalization in the United States and a reduction in gastroenteritis-related deaths in Mexico. In the United States, vaccination of pre-adolescents against human papillomavirus (HPV) has not resulted in any specific undesirable effects. Routine vaccination against chicken pox, recommended since 1995, has not had an impact on the evolution of the incidence of shingles. Vaccination against shingles, recommended in the United States for subjects 60 years and over, shows an effectiveness of 55 %, according to a cohort study (Kaiser Permanente, Southern California). Although some propose the development of personalized vaccines according to individual genetic characteristics, the priority remains with increasing vaccine coverage, not only in infants but also in adults and the elderly. Vaccine calendars that cover a whole lifetime should be promoted, since the vaccination of adults and seniors is a determining factor of good health at all ages.
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PMID:[Current events in vaccination]. 2201 86

Pediatric pain management has become well established in developed countries but may lag behind in developing countries, where potentially painful diseases such as gastroenteritis and meningitis are even more common. This survey asked health care givers in the developed and developing worlds to rate pain intensity of 12 common childhood diseases and to inventory the pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment modalities in their settings. A survey was distributed online (Surveygizmo 3.0) to pediatric health caregivers who rated perceived painfulness of 12 diseases on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale or stated that the disease was primarily discomforting in their opinion. Also they inventoried the pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions they utilize in their setting. Sixty-five respondents completed the survey, of whom almost three thirds (72.3%) came from developed countries. Median painfulness scores ranged from 5 (chickenpox) to 9 (compound tibial fracture). The respondents considered a number of diseases that are more often seen in developing countries as painful. Pediatric pain management in the developing world should be improved in view of the high incidences of potentially painful diseases and the lack of (non)pharmacological interventions.
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PMID:How health professionals rate painfulness of childhood injuries and illnesses: a survey study. 2276 45


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