Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tabulation of monthly reports of infectious diseases from 19 countries and territories in the South and Central Pacific for the years 1973 through 1975 indicated that influenza-like illness, dengue, dysentery, measles, and gonorrhoea were the greatest problems. Reports of the leading causes of hospitalisation from 11 areas indicated that infectious respiratory disease, gastroenteritis and accidents were the most common problems requiring hospitalisation in most Pacific countries. The leading causes of death showed a different pattern with striking differences between traditional and modernised areas. It appeared that the major causes of death were changing from infectious diseases in the traditional areas to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer in the modernised areas.
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PMID:Current health problems in the South and Central Pacific. 27 17

Forty-two episodes of culture-proved salmonellosis were found retrospectively among 2,262 patients treated for malignant diseases at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis. These cases were reviewed in an effort to determine whether Salmonella infections in childhood cancer patients are associated with an increased frequency of septicemia and death, as has been reported for adults with cancer. Septicemia occurred in only 10% of the patients studied, consistent with the frequency established in general populations. There were no deaths attributable to Salmonella infection. Most of the patients (57%) with salmonellosis had gastroenteritis, and the clinical course of this syndrome was no more severe or prolonged than that seen in otherwise normal children. We recommend that management of Salmonella infections in children with cancer follow presently accepted guidelines for normal hosts.
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PMID:Salmonellosis in children with cancer: review of 42 cases. 42 44

Several reports have described an inverse relationship between the frequency of infections and various malignancies. In this paper results of a hospital-based case control study on 139 melanoma patients and 271 suitable selected controls are presented, addressing the question of whether this relationship exists with respect to malignant melanoma while simultaneously controlling for the effects of other risk factors. Data on childhood diseases (group I), febrile diseases of adulthood (group II) and common febrile infections within a 5-year period prior to the diagnosis of melanoma (group III) were collected using a standardized interview. Group I diseases did not show a marked influence on the risk of malignant melanoma. Considering group II diseases, a significant protective effect was determined for chronic infectious diseases (OR = 0.32) and also for wound infections, abscesses and furunculosis (OR = 0.21). In group III, herpes simplex infections (OR = 0.45) and influenza/common cold (OR = 0.32) substantially reduced the melanoma risk. This effect was less pronounced for gastroenteritis (OR = 0.52). Analysis of the cumulative influence of infections pointed to a strong dose-response relationship between the frequency of febrile infections in adulthood and malignant melanoma. In particular, the risk reduction was striking when two or more febrile infections were compared to no febrile infections in group II (OR = 0.09) and group III (OR = 0.20). The study confirms the hypothesis that an inverse relationship exists between febrile infections and malignant melanoma, but these results have to be interpreted cautiously due to the inherent limitations of the case-control design.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Febrile infections and malignant melanoma: results of a case-control study. 145 Jun 74

We reported a case of non-0:1 group Vibrio cholerae septicemia with myelodysplatic syndrome in Taiwan. We also reviewed the other 22 reported cases of non-0:1 Vibrion cholerae septicemia found in the literature regarding its pathogenesis and treatment. The case mortality rate of these 23 cases was 47.8%. Most of them had immunocompromised diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis and hematologic malignancy. Therefore, the most important factor is the host defense. The cholera-like enterotoxin and E1-Tor-like hemolysin also play a major role, but whether the gall bladder plays a role in organ growth is still unclear. The incidence of gastroenteritis is not well understood because of the low incidence of non-0:1 V. cholerae gastroenteritis as compared with other factors such as shell-fish eating. Ampicillin as the sole antibiotic for non-0:1 V. cholerae is not efficacious. Tetracyclines or chloramphenicol is more effective for treatment.
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PMID:Non-0:1 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia: a case report and literature review. 165 43

Twenty patients with gastrointestinal mucormycosis are reviewed. This often fatal opportunistic fungal infection was diagnosed histologically, and was categorized as colonization (five patients), infiltration (seven patients), or vascular invasion (eight patients). There were no fatalities from colonization. In 10 patients, mucormycosis complicated peptic ulcer disease. Seven of these patients had infiltrative or invasive disease. The presentation and operative findings mimicked malignancy in five of these seven patients, and six had successful surgical intervention. The other patient was cured by medical therapy alone. Ten patients had infection associated with other gastrointestinal diseases: post-traumatic peritonitis (four patients), transmural amoebiasis (two patients), tuberculosis (one patient), gastroenteritis (one patient), gastric carcinoma (one patient) and diabetes (one patient). Eight patients had significant infection and only one survived. In this series, mucormycosis had a less aggressive course when complicating peptic ulcer than when it occurred in association with other gut diseases.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal mucormycosis. 191 15

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is discussed in terms of immunology, procedures, and complications and their treatment. Any patient with a disorder of the hematopoietic or immune system or a disease in which a transferable hematopoietic cell can supply a missing enzyme is a candidate for BMT. A priority in allogeneic BMT is the identification of a compatible donor through matching of human lymphocyte antigens (HLAs). The greater the disparity in HLAs, the greater the chance of rejection. The ideal donor is a monozygotic twin or an HLA-matched sibling, but only 30% of patients have such a donor. Before receiving the bone marrow infusion, patients must be conditioned to create space in the marrow for donor cells, suppress the immune system, and eradicate any tumor in patients with malignancies. Conditioning is achieved by the combination of total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide treatment; busulfan, etoposide, and cytarabine have also been used. For patients given unmanipulated marrow, the number of nucleated cells infused is about 3 X 10(8) per kilogram. Signs of engraftment are usually seen 14-21 days later. Toxic effects related to conditioning appear during this period and include infection, gastroenteritis, mucositis, and congestive heart failure. The most serious complication is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which can affect multiple organ systems. Prednisone, methylprednisolone, methotrexate, antithymocyte globulin, and cyclosporine have been used in an effort to prevent or treat GVHD. Bone marrow transplantation offers the chance of long-term survival to many patients with terminal disease, but associated morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Research is needed to address the problems of infection, leukemic relapse, and GVHD and the difficulty in obtaining and matching donors.
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PMID:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: procedures and complications. 200 Aug 73

The spectrum of infection with Aeromonas and Plesiomonas included gastroenteritis, bacteremia, biliary tract infection, perirectal infection, and disseminated disease. Most patients (86%) with bacteremia were neutropenic (less than 500 PMN/mm3). Colonization of stools and sputum also occurred. Therapy with aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and the newer quinolones was effective in patients with AIDS and cancer.
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PMID:Spectrum of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas infections in patients with cancer and AIDS. 204 95

Seventy-seven patients with locally advanced, nonresectable, biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were treated by palliative bypass surgery followed by intensive neutron beam irradiation of the primary tumor site. Three dose levels, under 20, 21 to 23, and 24 to 25 Gy, were studied with the use of a treatment plan that included all known disease within a limited target volume, generally under 2 l. Symptomatic palliation was achieved in the majority of patients. The median survival time was 6 months. One patient remained alive and well without evidence of tumor 5 years after irradiation. Two were free of tumor at autopsy (one had died of intercurrent disease and one of radiation-related complications). A common cause of death was metastatic dissemination. Complication rates were dose-dependent; life-threatening complications did not exceed 12% with doses of less than 23 Gy. Autopsies from 19 patients were reviewed. In all, the pancreatic tumor site showed extensive reactive fibrosis. Local control was achieved in two patients, but most had both residual tumor in the pancreas and metastases. Six patients had centrolobular veno-occlusive liver disease. These patients had all received the higher (22-24 Gy) neutron doses. Six patients had hemorrhagic radiation gastroenteritis. Mild skin atrophy and bone marrow hypoplasia were seen in the irradiated volumes. The kidneys and spinal cord showed no radiation effects. The authors conclude that neutron irradiation can provide a good local response with marked regression and fibrosis of the tumor. This response, coupled with many deaths due to metastases, suggests that combined treatment with neutrons and chemotherapy would be worth exploring.
Cancer 1985 Sep 15
PMID:Response of pancreatic cancer to local irradiation with high-energy neutrons. 241 74

To focus attention on the problem of infant mortality in Lebanon, data were compiled on infant mortality from 1978 to 1986 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Causes of death are analyzed for 602 males and 398 females. 54.9% deaths occurred at 1 month of age and 77.4% died within the 1st year. Autopsies were performed on .7%. 37.7% of all neonatal deaths were due to neonatal diseases such as hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia neonatorum, immaturity, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, meconium aspiration, and kernicterus. Better prenatal care would reduce this group, or the administration of corticosteroids to the mother 24-48 hours prior to delivery, as well as rapid resuscitation at birth and prevention of the 5 curses: hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypotension, and acidosis. Although unavailable in Lebanon, administration of surfactants through an endotracheal tube would also help. Infections constitute 25.1% of deaths; many are preventable through adequate public health measures and strict personal hygiene, i.e., diseases such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and 1-2 cases of the following: diphtheria, measles, peritonitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, cytomegalis inclusion, herpes, parathyphoid, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and shigellosis. Congenital diseases were 21.6%. In utero diagnosis could prevent some diseases and in utero treatment is possible for hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis. Screening programs postnatally could lead to treatment. 5.9% were malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, histocytosis, Wilm's tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Early diagnosis is critical if mortality is to be reduced in this group, but medical advances are still needed. 2.9% are miscellaneous diseases such as poisoning, rheumatic diseases, marasmus, Reye's syndrome, nephrosis, rickets, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases are preventable, except for rheumatic inflammation of the heart. Recommended necessary steps to reduce infant mortality are: prenatal care, diagnosis and screening, intrauterine surgery; resuscitation and intensive care centers with modern equipment and trained personnel; national vaccination and screening programs; adequate public health measures and hygiene; parental education; and well-equipped hospitals to serve all regardless of income level.
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PMID:Pediatric mortality: an avoidable tragedy. 251 28

Sixty-four patients with a biopsy diagnosis of colorectal cancer with liver metastases were treated with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) infusions. In a pilot study, the first 20 patients were given hepatic artery infusions of FUDR by implanted pumps. The remaining 44 patients were then randomized prospectively to compare the effectiveness of continuous hepatic artery and intravenous infusion of FUDR (IA/IV group; 21 patients) with hepatic artery infusion alone (IA group; 23 patients). A continuous 14-day infusion regimen of FUDR was applied each month. The dosage was 0.2 mg/kg/d of FUDR for the IA group and 0.3 mg/kg/d for the IA/IV group. The complete and partial response rates were each 50% in the pilot study and 52% and 48% in the IA and IA/IV randomized groups, respectively. Drug toxicities in the 64 patients included gastroenteritis (21%), chemical hepatitis (57%), and biliary sclerosis (25%). There was no difference in the toxicity of FUDR in the two randomized groups (P greater than 0.1). Extrahepatic spread of cancer during therapy was found in 61% (n = 14) of the IA group and 33% (n = 7) of the IA/IV group. There was no difference in survival between the randomized groups. The 64 patients were categorized into the following two groups according to their response to therapy: (1) responders (patients with complete or partial remission [n = 32]) or nonresponders (patients with stable disease or progression of metastases [n = 32]). The median survival time was 31 months for responders and 16 months for nonresponders (P less than 0.0001). Intraarterial FUDR infusion provided control of liver metastases. The combination of intraarterial and intravenous therapy seemed to prevent extrahepatic spread during therapy in most of the patients. Survival appeared to be significantly prolonged in patients with a regression of metastases.
Cancer 1989 Jul 15
PMID:Regional chemotherapy for hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma (continuous intraarterial versus continuous intraarterial/intravenous therapy). Results of a controlled clinical trial. 252 15


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