Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several examples of the use of vital statistics in drug epidemiology are described. The death rates for asthma remained stable from about 1860-1960 in the UK, about 0.5/100,000. In 1961 the rates began to rise, and after 1967 they declined; in the 1970s the rates almost approached pre-epidemic levels. The rates were found to vary with the use of isoproterenol-containing nebulizers. Investigations into the relationship between thromboembolism pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction and oral contraceptive (OC) usage showed an increase in death rates beginning after the introduction of OCs in 1960-61 in women at risk. Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy was an unexplained disease until Japanese investigators linked its occurrence to ingestion of the halogenated hydroxyquinoline drugs used to treat nonspecific gastroenteritis; seasonal outbreaks of the disease were linked to seasonal gastroenteritis. Animal experiments conclusively linked the drug to the disease. A Swedish report implicated the antihypertensive drug methyldopa as a possible cause of cancer of the biliary ducts. Links between thalidomide and phocomelia, saccharin or cyclamates and bladder cancer, diethylstilbestrol and vaginal cancer, and estrogens and endometrial cancer are discussed. Drug-monitoring systems, the collection of vital statistics and observations by clinicians all contribute to understanding drug-induced disease. Changes in disease incidence or emergency of new syndromes in areas where certain drugs are heavily used should be compared to areas where they are seldom used.
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PMID:The use of vital and morbidity statistics for the detection of adverse drug reactions and for monitoring of drug safety. 716 6

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has emerged during the last 20 years as the major causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans and as the major infectious agent on poultry farms, replacing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as the dominant pathogenic serovar. Because adhesion to gut tissues and colonization of the alimentary tract, mediated in large part by the FimH adhesins located on type 1 fimbriae, is an important stage in the pathogenesis of both serovars, the binding properties of the FimH adhesins from these two enteropathogens were compared. Salmonella Enteritidis FimH protein and the Salmonella Typhimurium low-adhesive variant of this adhesin were expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant proteins were analysed for their ability to bind glycoproteins carrying different oligomannosidic structures and different types of eukaryotic cells. In static binding assays (ELISA and Western blotting) both FimH proteins bound equally well to all three tested glycoproteins (RNase B, horseradish peroxidase and mannan-BSA). In addition, no differences were found in the binding specificity of the FimH proteins and intact cells of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium to human colon carcinoma or bladder cancer cells. The presence of the same amino acid residues at positions 61 (glycine) and 118 (phenylalanine) and the similar binding properties of these two adhesins suggest that the newly described FimH protein of Salmonella Enteritidis represents the low-adhesive variant found in Salmonella Typhimurium. To study the binding specificity of Salmonella Enteritidis FimH protein further, direct kinetic analysis using surface plasmon resonance was performed. With this method it was found that Salmonella Enteritidis FimH adhesin bound with the highest K(d) value to high-mannose type N-glycans carried by RNase B; about 100 times lower K(d) values were obtained in the interactions with mannan-BSA and horseradish peroxidase.
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PMID:Functional characterization of the FimH adhesin from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. 1662 51