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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni was recovered as the sole bacterial pathogen from 31% of 0- to 8-month-old children with acute gastroenteritis and from 5% of asymptomatic children (P less than 0.05). In children 8 to 24 months old, the respective recovery rates were 38 and 40%. With the exception of one case of simultaneous bacteremia, the clinical course of the symptomatic infection was benign and rarely lasted more than a week. The isolates were sensitive to most commonly used antibiotics. Several isolates shared antigenic determinants with C. fetus subsp. intestinalis. A bacteriophage specific for C. fetus subsp. jejuni lysed 73% of the strains. Several phage-resistant isolates carried a phage that lysed the stock strain of C. fetus subsp. jejuni (NADC 917).
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PMID:Detection of enteric campylobacteriosis in children. 42 43

A sudden increase in Salmonella gastroenteritis affecting infants and children in Hong Kong in 1971 prompted a clinical review of 200 such patients seen over a 6 year period. It showed unprecedented prevalence of Salmonella johannesburg infections and unusually protracted diarrhoea. Only 3.5 per cent of patients were breast fed. Factors causing this chronicity are discussed. All 8 fatal cases were under 7 1/2 months old, with protracted diarrhoea starting within 1 month after birth in 7. The invasiveness of Salmonella johannesburg is low although its infectivity high. Bacteraemia occurred in only 1 patient and focal infections other than gastroenteritis in none. Antibiotics did not improve diarrhoea nor eliminate faecal excretion in the majority of those treated. Prolonged and intermittent faecal excretion of Salmonella was common. Nineteen per cent of patients acquired diarrhoea in hospital; some after a course of antibiotics given for other infections. Experience from this series does not recommend administration of antibiotics to patients with uncomplicated Salmonella johannesburg gastroenteritis. As chronicity of diarrhoea seemed to be the major prognostic factor with regard to mortality and morbidity in this series, further search for causes and control measures of this chronicity is required.
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PMID:Salmonella gastroenteritis in Hong Kong--a clinical review of 200 patients. 46 79

One hundred fifty-two strains of Clostridium were isolated from 144 patients over a 14-month-peroid. These included 23 recognized species and 23 strains that were unclassified. Soft tissues or abscesses yielded 84 strains of Clostridium. Intraabdominal sites predominated, but clostridia were recovered from empyema, carcinoma, frostbite with gas gangrene, muscle abscess, aortic graft, and brain abscess. Blood cultures yielded 65 strains of Clostridium from 49 patients, representing 0.3% of 16,314 blood cultures (or 2.6% of 2,168 positive cultures). Clostridium perfringens was most common in blood, accounting for 37 isolates (57%). Clostridial bacteremia was often unrelated to the clinical setting and was found in alcoholics with aspiration or Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, empyema, meningococcemia, and infantile gastroenteritis. In 20 of the 49 patients (41%), aerobic or other anaerobic bacteria were cultured concurrently from the blood. Thus, clostridial bacteremia should be interpreted with caution since there may be little correlation with the patient's clinical condition.
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PMID:Isolation of Clostridium in human infections: evaluation of 114 cases. 80 93

Nine cases of local infection due to non typhi Salmonella enterica, some of them of unusual localization, in 8 patients (mean age 64.9 +/- 12.4 years) attended in Zamora's Virgen de la Concha Hospital over a period of five years, are described. Focal salmonellosis represented 1.5% of non-typhi salmonellosis cases in that period (9 out of 606 detected cases). 6 of the 8 patients (75%) showed a predisposing disease. In two patients the previous existence of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella was assessed and only in one of them concomitant bacteremia was detected. Soft-tissue infections were the more frequent clinical feature: plantar abscess, two abdominal wall abscesses--one of them after cholecystectomy--post-pericardiotomy thoracic wall abscess and perianal abscess. Three soft-tissue infections were due to group B serotypes. 4 out of five soft-tissue infections evolved favorably with surgical treatment. The rest of the series is formed by two cases with acute cholecystitis in patients with previous cholelithiasis (one of whom relapsed originating an abdominal wall abscess), a recurrent pleural empyema and a purulent pericarditis. The pericarditis was produced by S. enteritidis. Patient showed signs of cardiac tamponade, his condition improving after pericardial drainage and parenteral and intrapericardial administration of ciprofloxacin. Epidemiologic and clinic characteristic of our series are compared with other series of focal salmonellosis.
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PMID:[Focal infections caused by non-typhi Salmonella: a review of our case series and comparison with other series]. 138 36

From May 1985 through July 1990, 28 episodes of Vibrio vulnificus infection in 27 patients were encountered in five major hospitals in Taiwan. The ages of patients ranged from 19 to 76 years; the ratio of male to female patients was 2:1. Eighteen episodes manifested as bacteremia and eight as wound infections alone. One patient each developed gastroenteritis and pneumonia after nearly drowning. Twenty-three patients exhibited skin manifestations. Twenty patients had underlying diseases. All patients were treated with antibiotics, and 14 also underwent some form of surgical treatment (incision and drainage, fasciotomy, debridement, or amputation). Thirteen of the 28 episodes were preceded by precipitating factors; most were due to ingestion of seafood or exposure of abraded skin to salt water. Ten of the 18 septicemic patients died--most within 48 hours of hospitalization. One patient without bacteremia who had a wound infection died. Results of in vitro susceptibility studies suggested that ampicillin or a third-generation cephalosporin would be effective. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides was observed for greater than 90% of isolates. We recommend combined therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin or ampicillin and an aminoglycoside along with appropriate surgical therapy for the treatment of V. vulnificus infection.
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PMID:Vibrio vulnificus infection in Taiwan: report of 28 cases and review of clinical manifestations and treatment. 145 57

Salmonella can produce bacteremia and disseminated disease, including infection of the intrauterine contents and fetal death. Published experience with salmonella infection in pregnancy has involved typhoid; however, nontyphoid gastroenteritis may also produce sepsis and fetal loss. We present a case of second-trimester fetal death associated with group C1 salmonella sepsis. The literature suggests that early diagnosis and treatment of salmonella infection during gestation is associated with a good pregnancy outcome. We recommend that pregnant women with diarrheal illnesses be evaluated by stool culture for salmonella infection.
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PMID:Salmonella sepsis and second-trimester pregnancy loss. 156 77

We report the case of a healthy young Hispanic man with Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis has not been previously reported as a complication of salmonella gastroenteritis and bacteremia. Salmonella gastroenteritis is rarely associated with bacteremia in healthy young adults.
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PMID:Case report: salmonellosis complicated by leukocytoclastic vasculitis. 175 Apr 49

Vibrio vulnificus is an extremely invasive gram-negative bacillus that causes bacteremia and shock. It should be suspected in any patient who is immunocompromised or has liver disease or hemochromatosis. Reduced gastric acidity may also increase the risk of infection if a patient presents with a history of ingesting raw shellfish (especially oysters) or trauma in brackish waters and skin lesions. Patients most commonly present with one of three clinical syndromes: primary septicemia, wound infection, or gastroenteritis. Treatment includes aggressive wound debridement, antibiotic therapy, and supportive care. Rapidly diagnosing and promptly initiating therapy are critical because V vulnificus infection is rapidly progressive and mortality approaches 100% if septic shock occurs.
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PMID:Vibrio vulnificus. Hazard on the half shell. 177 90

The spectrum of infection with Aeromonas and Plesiomonas included gastroenteritis, bacteremia, biliary tract infection, perirectal infection, and disseminated disease. Most patients (86%) with bacteremia were neutropenic (less than 500 PMN/mm3). Colonization of stools and sputum also occurred. Therapy with aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and the newer quinolones was effective in patients with AIDS and cancer.
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PMID:Spectrum of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas infections in patients with cancer and AIDS. 204 95

Information from the National Salmonella Shigella Center (NSSC), Thailand indicated that the most frequently isolated Salmonella serotype from humans during 1974-1975 was Salmonella typhi (33.1%), during 1976-1982 was S. krefeld (26.6%) and during 1983-1987 was S. derby (12.6%). Antimicrobial susceptibility study of various Salmonella serotypes indicated that S. krefeld was the serotype with multiple drug resistance persisting for the longest period of time. Human salmonellosis due to S. krefeld is very rare. During 1976-1978, a large outbreak of S. krefeld gastroenteritis occurred in Thailand, mainly in children. The outbreak spread countrywide and is currently endemic. Gastrointestinal symptoms are severe in young infants. Systemic invasion with bacteremia, meningitis and pneumonitis were reported. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates varied from sensitive to multiply drug resistant. The common antibiotic resistances were to ampicillin (75-92%), chloramphenicol (33-75%), kanamycin (67-90%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (15-52%). Resistance to gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim declined after the period of the epidemic. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of 150 S. krefeld strains isolated in Thailand during 1978-1987 showed multiple drug resistance with up to seven drugs. The most common patterns were ApCmKmSuTp and ApCmKmSmSuTc.
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PMID:Salmonella krefeld in Thailand: I. Epidemiology, infection and drug resistance. 207 77


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