Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most prominent agents of gastroenteritis and water/food-borne outbreaks affecting all of the age groups in the world. As the identification of the etiologic agent is important during gastroenteritis outbreaks, it is recommended to combine two different methods for rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis of NoV. Although NoV outbreaks have been observed in many different countries of the world, there was no report on "NoV outbreak" in Turkey till 2008 due to the absence of a regular surveillance system for non-bacterial gastroenteritis. This study aimed to present the laboratory results for "the first NoV outbreak" in Turkey in 2008. A number of cases with diarrhea and nausea/vomiting initially emerged in Aksaray (located at the southern part of central Anatolia) in May 2008, followed by cases from Sereflikochisar, Kirsehir, and Adana provinces (located at central and southern Anatolia; geographically closer regions). However, regional laboratories declared that no known bacterial (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli), viral (Rotavirus, Adenovirus) and parasitic agents were detected. A total of 50 stool samples were sent to the Virology Reference Laboratory (Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, Ankara) for further investigations including NoV. For the investigation of NoV, the samples were analysed by using antigen-ELISA (Ridascreen, R-Biopharm, Germany) and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) methods. Of the samples, 26% (13/50) were found antigen positive, whereas 33% (13/40) were positive for viral nucleic acids. The positivity rates determined by ELISA and PCR were as follows, respectively; 57% (4/7) and 71% (5/7) in Aksaray, 25% (1/4) and 25% (1/4) in Sereflikochisar, 28% (7/25) and 40% (6/15) in Kirsehir, 7% (1/14) and 7% (1/14) in Adana. Nine (69.2%), and 4 (30.8%) out of 13 positive samples were genotyped as NoV GI and GII, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of antigen-ELISA method were found as 61.5% and 100%, respectively, when compared with real-time PCR. In conclusion, further epidemiological studies and genomic analysis are needed for the detection and control of circulating strains in Turkey, since NoV outbreaks spread rapidly and cause serious economical and workforce loss.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of laboratory diagnosis of the first norovirus outbreak in Turkey in 2008]. 1914 82

Adenovirus (AdV) has been recently detected among monkeys with diarrhea in a major research primate colony in China. To better assess disease burden and epidemiology of adenoviruses in the colony, we examined the prevalence of this virus in fecal specimens by PCR using broadly reactive hexon gene-specific primers. Of the 29 strains that were characterized by sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we identified a broad spectrum of simian AdV (SAdV) types, including species SAdV-A (n=14) and HAdV-G (n=9). Six additional strains represented two genetic clusters distantly related to other known SAdVs. A better understanding of the epidemiology of SAdVs and their potential role in gastroenteritis is critical to the implementation of advanced prevention strategies against AdV infection in captive primates.
 ...
PMID:Molecular detection of novel adenoviruses in fecal specimens of captive monkeys with diarrhea in China. 1992 33

Typical causative viruses of viral gastroenteritis in childhood are Norovirus(NV), Rotavirus(RV), and Adenovirus (AV). It is difficult to specify the type of virus based on the clinical symptoms, necessitating a search for the causative virus. Antigen testing is the mainstay for the definitive diagnosis of RV and AV. Molecular biology testing, however, is the mainstay for NV, and problems related to the rapidity and simplicity of the test have been a pending issue for many years. In this study, the clinical performance of an NV antigen detection test was investigated in children, and its application to combating infection was considered. Among 181 children with gastroenteritis tested by RT-PCR, there were 87 children (48.0%) showing positive NV findings in stool samples. Taking RT-PCR as the gold standard, the correlation with the antigen detection test showed a sensitivity of 76.0%, specificity of 100%, and a concordance rate of 89.5%. Results obtained in the basic study showed that the antigen detection test could be useful in everyday practice. As a result of studying how long the virus is shed in the feces of children infected by NV, however, the percentage of positive findings on RT-PCR testing was 16 of 17 (94.1%) on day 7 of illness and similarly 6 of 7 (85.7%) on day 14. However, only one case was positive using the antigen detection test on day 7 of the illness, and all were negative on day 14. The viral load of NV is assumed to drop below the sensitivity of the antigen detection test within 7 days. The appropriate method of use remains to be established, but the antigen detection test for NV appears to be able to make a contribution in everyday practice.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a norovirus antigen detection test in pediatric patients and study targeting application to combat infection]. 2007 16

Diarrhea is the second largest cause of mortality worldwide in children from the perinatal period to the age of 5 years. Rotavirus has been the most commonly identified viral cause of diarrhea in children. Norovirus is now recognized as the second most common viral pathogen. Adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus are the other major viral causes of pediatric gastroenteritis. Strategies for prevention include basic hygiene, optimization of nutrition and, ultimately, vaccination. Two new vaccines have recently been licensed for the prevention of rotavirus, the monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) and the pentavalent bovine-human reassortant vaccine (RotaTeq). These vaccines have already dramatically decreased the morbidity associated with rotavirus in countries where they are widely used. Efforts to develop a norovirus vaccine face substantial hurdles. Treatment of the viral pathogens is primarily limited to symptomatic measures.
 ...
PMID:Prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in pediatrics. 2010 50

Adenovirus infection can cause various illnesses depending on the infecting serotype, such as gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, and rash illness, but the infection mechanism is still unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been reported to play essential roles in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and pathogenesis of human diseases including viral infections. We analyzed the miRNA expression profiles from adenovirus type 3 (AD3) infected Human laryngeal epithelial (Hep2) cells using a SOLiD deep sequencing. 492 precursor miRNAs were identified in the AD3 infected Hep2 cells, and 540 precursor miRNAs were identified in the control. A total of 44 miRNAs demonstrated high expression and 36 miRNAs showed lower expression in the AD3 infected cells than control. The biogenesis of miRNAs has been analyzed, and some of the SOLiD results were confirmed by Quantitative PCR analysis. The present studies may provide a useful clue for the biological function research into AD3 infection.
 ...
PMID:High-throughput sequencing of microRNAs in adenovirus type 3 infected human laryngeal epithelial cells. 2063 78

A 15-month-old boy treated with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid therapy for 8 days was admitted for persistent gastroenteritis and fever. He received ceftriaxone for pneumonia modified on day 4 for cefotaxime and josamycin due to extension of alveolar lesions. On day 7, persistent fever and worsened respiratory distress led to addition of rifampicin. The child was then admitted to an intensive care unit. A hemophagocytic syndrome was suspected based on clinical signs and laboratory findings and confirmed by cytological examination of bone marrow. Adenovirus type 7 was identified by polymerase chain reaction and culture of bronchoalveolar fluid. Prognosis was good within 3 weeks. B and T immunologic evaluations were normal 5 months after the infection. This case of severe adenovirus pneumonia was associated with hemophagocytic syndrome in a child without identified primary immunodeficiency. Adenovirus type 3 and 7 are most frequently responsible for severe or fatal respiratory infections.
 ...
PMID:[Pneumonia due to adenovirus type 7: a case report in a healthy infant]. 2157 11

Adenovirus infections mimic bacterial infections on initial presentation in healthy children, leading to higher likelihood of hospital admission. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with hospital admission in previously healthy children with adenovirus infection. This is a retrospective study of 125 previously healthy children, who tested positive with direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) for adenoviral infection at our center between January 2001 and October 2007. The primary outcome of the study was the need for hospital admission. The relationship between clinical variables at initial emergency room (ER) presentation and need for hospital admission were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The model's predictive value was investigated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. On stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of respiratory distress (odds ratio [OR]: 5.6; p = 0.014), acute gastroenteritis (OR: 3.8; p = 0.019) and wheezes at initial presentation (OR: 6.5; p = 0.003) at the time of initial presentation in the ER were associated with need for hospital admission. For this model, the area under the ROC curve was 0.79, and there was no evidence of lack of fit on Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (p = 0.56). Our study identifies three risk factors, namely, respiratory distress, wheezing and acute gastroenteritis, associated with hospital admission for healthy children with adenoviral infections.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors associated with hospital admission among healthy children with adenovirus infection. 2238 81

Diarrhoea affects many people globally. Rotaviruses and enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 are the most common viruses causing childhood gastroenteritis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus from the faecal samples obtained at the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Tepecik Education and Research Hospital. The faecal samples were screened for rotavirus, and adenovirus by commercially available immunochromatographic EIA kit (Rotavirus/Adenovirus Combo Rapid Test Device) (San Diego, CA, USA). A total of 1112 stool samples were collected from May 23rd 2008 to May 25th 2010. Of these faecal samples, 201(18.07%) were positive for rotavirus and 14 (1.2 %) for adenovirus antigen. In our study the most common agent detected was rotavirus. Viral antigen analysis in stool specimens is important for diagnosis. Detection of the viral aetiology in gastroenteritis cases will prevent unnecessary antibiotic consumption.
 ...
PMID:Rotavirus and adenovirus prevalence at Tepecik education and research hospital (Turkey). 2276 8

A total of 7185 faecal specimens collected from infants and children with gastroenteritis in seven different regions of Japan during 1995-2009 were examined for adenovirus by polymerase chain reaction. Adenovirus was detected in 568 (7.9%) patients. The adenovirus activity peak was in winter and spring seasons (December-March) during the study period in the Japanese paediatric population. During the last 15 years, adenovirus 41 was the most predominant strain in Japan.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence, seasonality, and peak age of infection of enteric adenoviruses in Japan, 1995-2009. 2281 61

Adenovirus infections are a common cause of respiratory and enteric illnesses of late infancy and childhood. In neonates, adenovirus infections are rare, carrying a high morbidity and mortality rate. We present a case of infant who developed severe pneumonia and disseminated adenoviral infection following water birth delivery to a mother with gastroenteritis. The infant's infection was due to an adenovirus strain that has not been previously reported in neonates.
 ...
PMID:Case report: severe disseminated adenovirus infection in a neonate following water birth delivery. 2341 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>