Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent work by epidemiologists and microbiologists has uncovered several hitherto unrecognized food-borne bacterial pathogens of public health significance. One of these, Listeria monocytogenes, has attracted considerable attention because of two major cheese-related outbreaks of listeriosis that were characterized by cases of meningitis, abortion, and perinatal septicemia. Thus far, L. monocytogenes has been responsible for well over 300 reported cases of food-borne listeriosis, including about 100 deaths, and has cost the dairy industry alone more than 66 million dollars as a result of product recalls. The ability of L. monocytogenes to grow at refrigeration temperatures, coupled with appearance of the pathogen in raw and processed meats, as well as poultry, vegetables, and seafood, makes this bacterium a serious threat to susceptible consumers and to the entire food industry. Yersinia enterocolitica, another psychrotrophic food-borne pathogen of recent concern, was linked to several outbreaks of yersiniosis associated with consumption of both raw and pasteurized milk, as well as contaminated water. Food-borne infections involving Y. enterocolitica typically result in enterocolitis, which may be mistaken for acute appendicitis. Unfortunately, inadvertent removal of healthy appendixes from victims of food-borne yersiniosis is all too common. Although known for many years, Campylobacter jejuni has only recently been recognized as a food-borne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. Notable outbreaks of campylobacteriosis linked to consumption of raw milk, cake icing, eggs, poultry, and beef have underscored the need for thorough cooking and proper handling of raw products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:"New" food-borne pathogens of public health significance. 250 76

The Human Parvovirus (HPV) like other Parvovirus is a single strand DNA virus with autonomous replication which measures 23mm. Infection with this virus is followed by a non-specific viral syndrome during the prodrome, leading to viremia, which may be followed by arthropathy and/or different kind of rash including the syndrome called erythema infectiosum. It has also been related to an increase in the number of spontaneous abortion in pregnant women with acute infection; and it is the etiology of the aplastic crisis in patients with hemolytic anemias. Many other Parvovirus serologically different from HPV are present in stools and are responsible for acute infectious non bacterial gastroenteritis in people more than 5 years old.
 ...
PMID:[Parvovirus infections in humans]. 254 17

Factors associated with early pregnancy vomiting were investigated in 9098 first-trimester registrants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Vomiting in the absence of hyperemesis or gastroenteritis was noted in 56% of all women, and was more common among primigravidas (P = .002), younger women (P less than .001), women with less than 12 years of education (P less than .001), nonsmokers (P less than .001), and women weighing 77.1 kg (170 lb) or more (P = .003). Adjustment for confounders did not change these associations. Women reporting vomiting were less likely to experience miscarriage or stillbirth (P = .002) and delivery before 37 weeks' gestation (P = .004), but there was no difference in infant birth weight between mothers with and without vomiting (P = .48). Women who vomit in one pregnancy are more likely to vomit in subsequent pregnancies than are comparable women who did not vomit.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of vomiting in early pregnancy. 390 78

A three year survey on sheep deaths and their causes was conducted on 10 commercial farms in the north of Scotland. Diseases and other trauma associated with the perinatal period accounted for 56.81% of all ewe deaths, while pneumonia, parasitic gastroenteritis, torsion of the bowel and haemorrhagic enteritis (redgut) accounted for a further 21.7%. No one disease condition predominated in the rams and hoggs. In lambs, most deaths occurred between birth and four days old (77.86%). Causes came in the form of starvation and exposure (34.2%), stillbirths (18.2%), lambing injuries (11.06%), infectious conditions (8.0%), dystocia (7.6%) and abortion (5.2%). The overall death rate among the lambs was 14.2%.
 ...
PMID:A survey of sheep losses and their causes on commercial farms in the north of Scotland. 736 90

A bacterium with an unusual ultrastructure and possessing a fusiform protoplasmic cylinder, spiral periplasmic fibers, and bipolar tufts of sheathed flagella was identified in the intestinal mucosae of laboratory mice. The organism was cultured under microaerophilic conditions and was found to rapidly hydrolyze urea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the organism was shown to be "Flexispira rappini." "F. rappini" is closely related to members of the genus Helicobacter and has been reported to be associated with human gastroenteritis and ovine abortion. "F. rappini" has not previously been observed in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of "Flexispira rappini" from laboratory mice. 750 85

Over a 28-year period, 113 out of 2986 (3.8%) patients dialysed for acute renal failure at a referral center in North India were diagnosed to have acute renal cortical necrosis (ACN). Obstetric causes were responsible for ACN in 56.6% patients and nonobstetric causes in 43.4%. Within the obstetric group, ACN developed in association with complications of late pregnancy in 37.1% and following septic abortion in 19.5%. The various nonobstetric causes included viperine snake bite in 14.2%, hemolytic uremic syndrome in 11.5%, renal allograft rejection in 5.3%, acute gastroenteritis in 4.4%, acute pancreatitis in 3.5%, septicemia in 2.7%, and trauma and drug-induced IV hemolysis in 0.9% patients. Total anuria was the commonest presenting feature and was noted in 78.8% of patients. Renal histology showed diffuse cortical necrosis in 62.8% and patchy lesions in 37.2% patients. Computerized tomography (CT scan) of the kidneys revealed characteristic diagnostic findings in all the 5 patients in whom it was done. Dialytic support could be withdrawn as a result of improvement in renal function in 19 patients with patchy cortical necrosis. Dialysis-free survival of as long as 12 years has been recorded. The present study shows that, in contrast to the Western world, ACN continues to be a common cause of acute renal failure in developing countries. CT scan of the kidneys is helpful in establishing an early diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Acute renal cortical necrosis--a study of 113 patients. 818 45

One hundred and twenty patients with a mean age of 38 years (range 12-85 years; M 91, F 37) were studied over a period of 5 years in a teaching hospital in Dhaka. Sixty-two patients presented with probable anuria with 1-4 days' duration, 63 patients presented with oliguria, and 3 were nonoliguric. The causes of acute renal failure were medical (94), surgical (22), obstetrical (13). Of the medical cases, the causes were gastroenteritis in 42 cases, gastroenteritis with CNS involvement in 11 cases, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in 10 cases, acute viral hepatitis in 8 cases, and septicemia in 8 cases. Of 22 surgical cases, postoperative acute renal failure was the cause in 9, road traffic accident in 6, and renal calculus disease in 7. There were 13 cases in the obstetrics group, of whom 9 were due to abortion, 2 were due to preeclampsia, and the other 2 were postoperative. The mean blood urea of all cases was 35 mmol/L and serum creatinine was 988 mumol/L. Dialysis was required in 105 cases; of these, 72 were medical cases, 21 were surgical cases, and 12 were obstetric cases. The overall survival rate was 75%. The improved survival is probably due to timely referral and prompt medical management.
 ...
PMID:Outcome of acute renal failure in adults in a teaching hospital in Bangladesh. 829 Jul 6

The factors associated with unplanned pregnancies among oral contraceptive (OC) users were investigated in the 8058 women admitted to University Hospital (Copenhagen, Denmark) during 1986-91 for induced abortion. 70 (0.87%) of these women had been consistent OC users; women with a history of missing 1 or more days of pill use and users of gestagen-only pills were excluded. The largest subgroup (41.4%) of these women used triphasic OCs; 35.7% used a low-dose OC and the remainder took high-dose, two-phased, or unknown preparations. Concomitant use of one or more other drugs (spray saline, astemizol, mianserin, chlorcyclizin, paradryl, carbamazepin, lithium, chlorprotixen, and imipramine was reported by 5 women (7%) who experienced OC failure; 4 of these women were using a triphasic OC. At the time of conception, 16 women (30%) had symptoms of gastroenteritis (vomiting and/or diarrhea) and had self-medicated with an unknown preparation. No risk factor could be identified in the remaining 49 women (70%). 2/3 of women who became pregnant while taking OCs returned to this method after abortion. There was no association between the annual sales of various OCs during the study period and the incidence of OC failure. These findings confirm the contributions of concurrent gastroenteritis and drug interactions to OC failure but suggest these are rare occurrences.
 ...
PMID:Factors influencing the reliability of oral contraceptives. 903 46

Nairobi sheep disease is probably the most pathogenic virus known for sheep and goats. It is transmitted by an Ixodid tick, both trans-stadially and transovarially and causes an acute gastroenteritis. In totally susceptible populations, mortality rates of over 90% regularly occur. The infection also causes abortion. The disease is known to occur in East Africa, Somalia and Rwanda. It may exist in the south east of Ethiopia. No evidence for its existence has been found in those parts of Africa where the principle vector tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus has a seasonal breeding cycle. Thus countries like Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana appear to be free from the disease.
 ...
PMID:Nairobi sheep disease. 953 Jun 91

The gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a highly fatal opportunistic foodborne infection. Pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and debilitated or immunocompromised patients in general are predominantly affected, although the disease can also develop in normal individuals. Clinical manifestations of invasive listeriosis are usually severe and include abortion, sepsis, and meningoencephalitis. Listeriosis can also manifest as a febrile gastroenteritis syndrome. In addition to humans, L. monocytogenes affects many vertebrate species, including birds. Listeria ivanovii, a second pathogenic species of the genus, is specific for ruminants. Our current view of the pathophysiology of listeriosis derives largely from studies with the mouse infection model. Pathogenic listeriae enter the host primarily through the intestine. The liver is thought to be their first target organ after intestinal translocation. In the liver, listeriae actively multiply until the infection is controlled by a cell-mediated immune response. This initial, subclinical step of listeriosis is thought to be common due to the frequent presence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes in food. In normal individuals, the continual exposure to listerial antigens probably contributes to the maintenance of anti-Listeria memory T cells. However, in debilitated and immunocompromised patients, the unrestricted proliferation of listeriae in the liver may result in prolonged low-level bacteremia, leading to invasion of the preferred secondary target organs (the brain and the gravid uterus) and to overt clinical disease. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are facultative intracellular parasites able to survive in macrophages and to invade a variety of normally nonphagocytic cells, such as epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and endothelial cells. In all these cell types, pathogenic listeriae go through an intracellular life cycle involving early escape from the phagocytic vacuole, rapid intracytoplasmic multiplication, bacterially induced actin-based motility, and direct spread to neighboring cells, in which they reinitiate the cycle. In this way, listeriae disseminate in host tissues sheltered from the humoral arm of the immune system. Over the last 15 years, a number of virulence factors involved in key steps of this intracellular life cycle have been identified. This review describes in detail the molecular determinants of Listeria virulence and their mechanism of action and summarizes the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of listeriosis and the cell biology and host cell responses to Listeria infection. This article provides an updated perspective of the development of our understanding of Listeria pathogenesis from the first molecular genetic analyses of virulence mechanisms reported in 1985 until the start of the genomic era of Listeria research.
 ...
PMID:Listeria pathogenesis and molecular virulence determinants. 1143 15


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>