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 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Distributed computing can be applied to CT or MRI scanner image acquisition, printing, and archiving by interfacing the scanner with a computer network. Also on the network must be a computer workstation that has image management software to capture the images sent over the network by the scanner. This software must also allow the radiology staff to print and archive the images. Several benefits are realized by this network configuration. First, the scanner console is solely used for scanning patients; delays are not encountered because the console is being used for printing and archiving images. Also, the workstation printing software can be developed so that useful features not available at the scanner console can be incorporated. Finally, sophisticated archiving strategies can be implemented at the workstation. We have developed a network image management station at the Fox Chase Cancer Center using a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) workstation. Hardware and software is utilized to convert all scanner image data to the American College of Radiology-National Electrical Manufacturers Association format. All workstation software is developed using the open X-Windows standard. Digital audio tape is used for image archiving.
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PMID:A network scanner image management station. 155 61

The Medical Computer Facility at the Fox Chase Cancer Center has installed X-terminals in patient examination rooms and at nursing stations for clinical data access by physicians and nurses. The X-terminals are connected to UNIX operating system RISC processors via Ethernet. The RISC processors communicate with databases on a minicomputer cluster. Simultaneous presentation of textual (e.g., pathology and radiology reports) and graphical (e.g., clinical laboratory results) clinical data is provided under X-Windows. CT and MRI images can also be displayed in windows. Our experiences implementing X-terminal clinical workstations in a production environment will be discussed.
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PMID:The use of X-terminals as clinical workstations. 174 47

Digital imaging is becoming more and more important in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients in radiation oncology. In order to facilitate the most efficient interface of this technology to physicians and other users of this information, a medical image display system (MID) has been developed at the Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC). The system runs on 20 personal computers situated in physicians offices as well as a modified system located in the radiation oncology conference room. Access to CT, MRI, and EPID information is achieved through an Ethernet connection to the hospital picture archiving and communications system (PACS). Over a 1-year period a total of 503 patients and 3845 images have been stored on the system. Physician approval using the MID system (without conventional films) was performed on 106 patients. Of these, 22%, 16%, 11%, 10%, and 9% consisted of breast, prostate, pelvic, lung, and head and neck patients, respectively. Digital images sent from a variety of image sources to the MID system take up to 15 s to process and format while image access and display can take 2-5 s, dependent upon image size and speed of the host computer.
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PMID:Picture archiving and communications systems in radiation oncology (PACSRO): tools for a physician-based digital image review system. 779 99

The role of endovascular therapy for the treatment of giant aneurysms is presently being defined. Results derived from the endovascular treatment of giant aneurysms must be compared to the effectiveness and safety of operative treatment and the natural history of the disease. Most reports on the results of endovascular aneurysm treatment are of patients who have failed operative intervention or in whom operative intervention was not attempted because of their poor medical condition or other factors. Thus, the results of these techniques are from a high-risk subgroup. In a recent series of 19 giant aneurysms treated by a variety of techniques, including coils, balloons, and rapidly solidifying polymers, one death resulted after aneurysm rupture during the procedure (86). However, the major cause of mortality was cardiopulmonary complications within the first 2 weeks after the procedure. At present, it may be appropriate to reserve endovascular techniques for patients with no other reasonable therapeutic option. As experience with these techniques is gained, a comparison must be undertaken in a series of patients clinically equivalent to those in surgical series. Presently, the consensus is that endovascular therapy for giant aneurysms is efficacious for parent-vessel occlusion after balloon test occlusion to assess tolerance to sacrifice. Endosaccular occlusion is most effective if the aneurysm contains little thrombus, as determined by the size of the aneurysm seen on CT or MRI (87), as compared to the angiographic image. Small-necked aneurysms are particularly suited to coil occlusion if the aneurysm can be tightly packed. In wide-necked aneurysms, coil occlusion is possible, although the risk of parent-vessel occlusion is high. We often perform balloon test occlusion of the vessel before placing coils in wide-necked aneurysms. Failure of endovascular therapy after complete angiographic obliteration is based on recanalization or regrowth, resulting from device migration or remodeling at the junction of the device with the inflow tract and aneurysm wall, or by migration of the device into thrombus. The effect of aneurysm remnants after balloon or coil occlusion will be determined by long-term follow-up, as emphasized by Fox et al. (20, 63). Whenever there is an aneurysm remnant, some risk of subsequent hemorrhage exists (66). Further device refinement will enhance the safety and effectiveness of the endovascular treatment of giant aneurysms. The use of combined endovascular and conventional surgical techniques may be an increasingly important option in the treatment of giant aneurysms. Endosaccular packing of an aneurysm with occlusive material may not provide the ability to completely exclude the aneurysm from the circulation, and thus, will not necessarily prevent the process of regrowth. A further limitation of the currently implemented endovascular treatment of aneurysms is that fluoroscopy does not provide detailed information of aneurysm remnants due to the superimposition of occlusive materials, which may necessitate the development of new real-time imaging modalities for interventional procedure, such as intravascular ultrasound and ultrafast-sequence MRI.
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PMID:Endovascular management of giant intracranial aneurysms. 884 97

We applied MRI to the in vivo detection of spontaneous colorectal tumors in a unique mouse model, the Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC) ApcMIN mouse. Unlike other Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia) strains, FCCC ApcMIN animals develop an appreciable number of tumors in the large intestine, which makes them an appropriate mouse model for colon cancer in humans. We describe a method for marking the colon on MRI data sets that involves a bowel-cleansing procedure and the insertion of a polyurethane tube (filled with an MRI contrast agent) fully into the colon. We found that tumors as small as 1.5 mm in diameter can be consistently identified from MRI datasets with a voxel size of 0.1 mm x 0.133 mm x 0.133 mm. Tumor volumes were determined from the MRM data sets with the use of a novel approach to planimetry in 3D data sets. We observed a correlation between tumor volume (as measured from the MRI datasets) and tumor weight of 0.942, and a P-value of 0.008, based on Spearman's test. These data show that MRI can be used to accurately monitor tumor growth in mouse models of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Detection and volume determination of colonic tumors in Min mice by magnetic resonance micro-imaging. 1533 70

Smoothly varying and multiplicative intensity variations within MR images that are artifactual, can reduce the accuracy of automated brain segmentation. Fortunately, these can be corrected. Among existing correction approaches, the nonparametric non-uniformity intensity normalization method N3 (Sled, J.G., Zijdenbos, A.P., Evans, A.C., 1998. Nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 17, 87-97.) is one of the most frequently used. However, at least one recent study (Boyes, R.G., Gunter, J.L., Frost, C., Janke, A.L., Yeatman, T., Hill, D.L.G., Bernstein, M.A., Thompson, P.M., Weiner, M.W., Schuff, N., Alexander, G.E., Killiany, R.J., DeCarli, C., Jack, C.R., Fox, N.C., 2008. Intensity non-uniformity correction using N3 on 3-T scanners with multichannel phased array coils. NeuroImage 39, 1752-1762.) suggests that its performance on 3 T scanners with multichannel phased-array receiver coils can be improved by optimizing a parameter that controls the smoothness of the estimated bias field. The present study not only confirms this finding, but additionally demonstrates the benefit of reducing the relevant parameter values to 30-50 mm (default value is 200 mm), on white matter surface estimation as well as the measurement of cortical and subcortical structures using FreeSurfer (Martinos Imaging Centre, Boston, MA). This finding can help enhance precision in studies where estimation of cerebral cortex thickness is critical for making inferences.
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PMID:Improvement of brain segmentation accuracy by optimizing non-uniformity correction using N3. 1955 96

This chapter summarizes the authors' experience in the endovascular therapy of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This clinical series includes 660 patients treated from 1980 to 2005. The first 148 patients were treated at University Hospital, in London, Ontario Canada, in association with Drs. Allan Fox, Dave Pelz, John Girvin and Charles Drake. The next 512 patients were treated at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California in association with Drs. Gary Duckwiler, Reza Jahan, Jacques Dion, Pierre Gobin, Neil Martin and John Frazee. Only patients treated with superselective endovascular/intraoperative catheterization and embolization of avm arterial feeders were included. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations treated by non-selective injection of beads in ICA or vertebral arteries were excluded. Modern neuroimaging modalities associated to the anatomical, topographic and functional evaluations of cerebral avms such as brain CT and CTA, MRI, MRA and functional MRI are all utilized at UCLA Medical Center. They have become essential in the therapeutic management of avms closely related to cerebral eloquent areas (figure 1).
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PMID:Therapeutic management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Present role of interventional neuroradiology. 2058 55

Resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI) studies have shown that slow (<0.1Hz), intrinsic fluctuations of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal are temporally correlated within hierarchically organized functional systems known as resting state networks (RSNs) (Doucet et al., 2011). Most broadly, this hierarchy exhibits a dichotomy between two opposed systems (Fox et al., 2005). One system engages with the environment and includes the visual, auditory, and sensorimotor (SMN) networks as well as the dorsal attention network (DAN), which controls spatial attention. The other system includes the default mode network (DMN) and the fronto-parietal control system (FPC), RSNs that instantiate episodic memory and executive control, respectively. Here, we test the hypothesis, based on the spectral specificity of electrophysiologic responses to perceptual vs. memory tasks (Klimesch, 1999; Pfurtscheller and Lopes da Silva, 1999), that these two large-scale neural systems also manifest frequency specificity in the resting state. We measured the spatial correspondence between electrocorticographic (ECoG) band-limited power (BLP) and R-fMRI correlation patterns in awake, resting, human subjects. Our results show that, while gamma BLP correspondence was common throughout the brain, theta (4-8Hz) BLP correspondence was stronger in the DMN and FPC, whereas alpha (8-12Hz) correspondence was stronger in the SMN and DAN. Thus, the human brain, at rest, exhibits frequency specific electrophysiology, respecting both the spectral structure of task responses and the hierarchical organization of RSNs.
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PMID:Frequency-specific electrophysiologic correlates of resting state fMRI networks. 2815 86