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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty years ago, the Eker rat was identified as the first animal model of hereditary renal adenoma and carcinoma, with histopathology resembling human renal carcinoma. Ten years ago, a mutation in the TSC2 gene was identified in the Eker rat at Fox Chase Cancer Center by Yeung and Knudson, and in Tokyo by Kobayashi and Hino. The literature contains dozens of reports of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients, including tumors in children as young as five and one report in an infant. Despite these facts, the association between TSC and RCC is under-recognized, and sometimes completely omitted from discussions of inherited renal carcinoma. Here, we will review the clinical association of RCC in TSC, consider the factors that have led to its under-emphasis within the RCC field, address the cellular and biochemical mechanisms that may contribute to RCC in cells with TSC1 or TSC2 mutations, and finally discuss the ways in which the TSC signaling pathways may be linked to sporadic RCC in the general population.
Curr Mol Med 2004 Dec
PMID:The genetic basis of kidney cancer: why is tuberous sclerosis complex often overlooked? 1557 29

Fox-Fordyce disease is an uncommon condition that is biopsied even less commonly. Since the publication of Shelley and Levy, in 1956, the disease is regarded widely to be "apocrine miliaria", an analogue of eccrine miliaria. Histopathologically, an "intraepidermal sweat retention vesicle" is considered the only feature diagnostic of the condition. In this article, the entire literature devoted to the subject and reviewed features clinically and histopathologically as they were presented in those publications. Furthermore, observations in sections of tissue cut from 8 biopsy specimens taken from 4 patients with Fox-Fordyce disease are presented including correlation clinicopathologic. Changes histopathologically in Fox-Fordyce disease vary greatly. Apart from findings described previously as being typical (e.g., dilation, hyperkeratosis, and spongiosis of infundibula), there were vacuolar alteration at the dermo-epithelial junction of infundibula, dyskeratotic cells scattered in infundibula, and parakeratosis in the manner of cornoid lamellation within an orthokeratotic plug filling a dilated infundibulum. Infundibula and apocrine ducts were surrounded by numerous foamy macrophages. Despite that variation of features histopathologically, the appearance clinically, was similar in all patients, namely small infundibulocentric papules, sometimes with a keratotic plug in the center of it, and sometimes with a yellow cast. In conclusion, current concept of Fox-Fordyce disease is too restricted. All the different patterns histopathologically observed by us are manifestations of one single pathologic process named for Fox and Fordyce.
Am J Dermatopathol 2004 Dec
PMID:Patterns histopathologic of Fox-Fordyce disease. 1561 31

To obtain a laser beam containing only one pure high-order transverse mode, one can insert a binary phase element (BPE) into a laser resonator. I investigate the effect of deviations in the discontinuous height of the BPE on the selection of high-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes. Both matrix-diagonalization and numerical Fox-Li calculations to obtain the loss per pass and beam propagation factor of the output beam obtained with a deviated BPE are performed. Experimental results obtained with a Nd:YAG laser operated with HG (1,0) and HG (1,1) transverse modes are presented and compared with theoretical modes.
Appl Opt 2004 Dec 01
PMID:Effect of phase imperfections on high-order mode selection with intracavity phase elements. 1561 44

Ectoparasite and epifaunistic arthropod biodiversity and infestation parameters were compared between 2 sympatric small rodent species, the cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus (Le Conte)) and golden mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli (Harlan)), in southern Georgia from 1992 to 2003. Because the cotton mouse is known to be a reservoir of more vector-borne zoonotic pathogens than the golden mouse, we hypothesized that it would be parasitized by more ectoparasites that are known to be vectors of these pathogens. Cotton mice (n = 202) were parasitized by 19 species of arthropods, whereas golden mice (n = 46) were parasitized by 12 species. Eleven species of arthropods were recovered from both host species, whereas 7 were recorded only from cotton mice, and 1 species only from golden mice. Infestation prevalences (percent of mice parasitized) were significantly higher for 1 species of arthropod (the tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst)) infesting cotton mice and for 4 species (the flea Peromyscopsylla scotti Fox and the mites Glycyphagus hypudaei Koch, Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese), and Androlaelaps fahrenholzi (Berlese)) infesting golden mice. Mean intensities (mean per infested mouse) were significantly higher for 2 species (the flea Orchopeas leucopus (Baker) and the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis Say) infesting cotton mice and for 2 species (G. hypudaei and A. fahrenholzi) infesting golden mice. Ectoparasites that are known to be vectors of zoonotic pathogens were significantly more common on cotton mice than on golden mice. These ectoparasites included the rhopalopsyllid flea Polygenis gwyni (Fox), a vector of the agent of murine typhus; I. scapularis, the principal vector of the agents of Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and human babesiosis; and O. bacoti, a laboratory vector of several zoonotic pathogens. However, 2 species of ixodid ticks that can transmit zoonotic pathogens were recovered from both host species. These were the American dog tick Dermacentor variabilis (Say), the principal vector of the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in eastern North America, and Ixodes minor Neumann, an enzootic vector of the agent of Lyme borreliosis. Overall, the cotton mouse was parasitized by significantly more ectoparasites that are known to be vectors of zoonotic pathogens than was the golden mouse. These data support the hypothesis that the cotton mouse has greater epidemiological importance for zoonotic vector-borne pathogen transmission than does the golden mouse.
J Parasitol 2004 Dec
PMID:Ectoparasites and other epifaunistic arthropods of sympatric cotton mice and golden mice: comparisons and implications for vector-borne zoonotic diseases. 1571 19

This satellite symposium honoring Dr Jack J Fox, provided a forum for reviewing recent advances in nucleoside research. The topics covered were: novel chemistries, applications to current problems in biology, antiviral and antitumor agents, and aspects of enzymology and mechanism of action of important nucleoside analogs.
IDrugs 2000 Dec
PMID:Nucleosides, nucleotides and their biological applications--XIV International Roundtable. Recent Advances in Nucleosides Chemistry and Chemotherapy. 10-14 September 2000, San Francisco, CA, USA. 1603 56

Each environmental exposure matrix contains a unique mixture of PCB congeners. Since several congener types have multiple and distinct biological actions, it is important to characterize congener profiles in exposure sources. The Fox River Environment and Diet Study (FRIENDS) is assessing the human health effects of consumption of PCB-contaminated fish from the Fox River in northeastern Wisconsin. Concurrent laboratory studies required the formulation of a dosing solution which closely mimicked the human PCB exposure from fish. PCB congener profiles from Fox River walleye were compared to profiles for various theoretical mixtures having different relative percentages of Aroclors by weight. The theoretical mixture which provided the best approximation of the Fox River fish PCB profile contained 35% 1242, 35% 1248, 15% 1254, and 15% 1260. A PCB mixture was formulated to match this theoretical construct, and the congener profile for the mixture of Aroclors was determined by capillary column gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD). The relative percent of each congener was compared to the PCB congener profile of the theoretical Aroclor mixture and that for Fox River walleye. The specific congeners differed on average by 17% from the theoretical Aroclor mixture predicted values, and the specific congeners measured in the mixture were on average within 71% of those reported for Fox River fish. The mixture was found to have relatively low AhR activity but high RyR activity. Indirect comparisons suggest that in vivo toxicity was slightly greater than that for Aroclor 1254. This illustrates that Aroclor mixtures are useful for formulating dosing solutions which closely approximate actual environmental exposures.
Toxicol Sci 2005 Dec
PMID:Formulation and characterization of an experimental PCB mixture designed to mimic human exposure from contaminated fish. 1617 34

The Sox and Forkhead (Fox) gene families are comprised of transcription factors that play important roles in a variety of developmental processes, including germ layer specification, gastrulation, cell fate determination, and morphogenesis. Both the Sox and Fox gene families are divided into subgroups based on the amino acid sequence of their respective DNA-binding domains, the high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox genes) or Forkhead domain (Fox genes). Utilizing the draft genome sequence of the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, we examined the genomic complement of Sox and Fox genes in this organism to gain insight into the nature of these gene families in a basal metazoan. We identified 14 Sox genes and 15 Fox genes in Nematostella and conducted a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis comparing HMG box and Forkhead domain sequences from Nematostella with diverse taxa. We found that the majority of bilaterian Sox groups have clear Nematostella orthologs, while only a minority of Fox groups are represented, suggesting that the evolutionary pressures driving the diversification of these gene families may be distinct from one another. In addition, we examined the expression of a subset of these genes during development in Nematostella and found that some of these genes are expressed in patterns consistent with roles in germ layer specification and the regulation of cellular behaviors important for gastrulation. The diversity of expression patterns among members of these gene families in Nematostella reinforces the notion that despite their relatively simple morphology, cnidarians possess much of the molecular complexity observed in bilaterian taxa.
Dev Genes Evol 2005 Dec
PMID:Genomic inventory and expression of Sox and Fox genes in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. 1619 20

Two phenotypes exist in the human population with regard to expression of lactase in adults. Lactase non-persistence (adult-type hypolactasia and lactose intolerance) is characterized by a decline in the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) after weaning. In contrast, lactase-persistent individuals have a high LPH throughout their lifespan. Lactase persistence and non-persistence are associated with a T/C polymorphism at position -13,910 upstream the lactase gene. A nuclear factor binds more strongly to the T-13,910 variant associated with lactase persistence than the C-13,910 variant associated with lactase non-persistence. Oct-1 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were co-purified by DNA affinity purification using the sequence of the T-13,910 variant. Supershift analyses show that Oct-1 binds directly to the T-13,910 variant, and we suggest that GAPDH is co-purified due to interactions with Oct-1. Expression of Oct-1 stimulates reporter gene expression from the T and the C-13,910 variant/LPH promoter constructs only when it is co-expressed with HNF1alpha. Binding sites for other intestinal transcription factors (GATA-6, HNF4alpha, Fox and Cdx-2) were identified in the region of the -13,910 T/C polymorphism. Three of these sites are required for the enhancer activity of the -13,910 region. The data suggest that the binding of Oct-1 to the T-13,910 variant directs increased lactase promoter activity and this might provide an explanation for the lactase persistence phenotype in the human population.
Hum Mol Genet 2005 Dec 15
PMID:T-13910 DNA variant associated with lactase persistence interacts with Oct-1 and stimulates lactase promoter activity in vitro. 1630 Dec 15

This article continues the Journal's "Scientific Surgery" series of leaders. The aim of the series, published throughout 2005, has been to highlight areas of bioscience that, while still largely confined to the experimental laboratory, may soon be brought into the clinical domain. In this month's paper Watt and Fox offer an up to date insight into the processes of tissue healing and suggest possible future therapeutic strategies.
Br J Surg 2005 Dec
PMID:Blood vessel stem cells and wound healing. 1630 49

Nonequilibrium stability theory is reviewed. In answer to recent comments by Fox [Fox, R. F. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 2114-2117], it is pointed out that various choices of Lyapounov functions are possible in the nonlinear range of irreversible phenomena.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979 Dec
PMID:Irreversible processes at nonequilibrium steady states and Lyapounov functions. 1659 32


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