Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cDNA encoding mouse deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) (EC 2.7.1.74) was cloned from a mouse T-cell lambda ZAP cDNA library. An insert of 2.8 kilobases (kb) contained the entire coding sequence of 780 base pairs. The protein coding sequence was 88% homologous at the nucleotide level with human dCK cDNA (Chottiner, E. G., Shewach, D. S., Datta, N. S., Ashcraft, E., Gribbin, D., Ginsburg, D., Fox, I. H., and Mitchell, B. S. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88, 1531-1535). At the amino acid level the homology was greater with only 16 of the 260 amino acids being different. Northern blot analyses revealed a size of 3.4 kb for mouse dCK mRNA as compared with 2.8 kb for human dCK. Part of the 3'-untranslated region was conserved between human and mouse dCK cDNA in contrast to the remainder of the 3'-sequence which was unrelated and about 500 nucleotides longer in mouse dCK cDNA. Mouse dCK cDNA showed cross-hybridization with several bands in EcoRI-digested genomic DNA from seven different mammalian species and chicken but not with yeast DNA. Both mouse and human dCK were cloned into the T5 promotor pQE30 vector system, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The kinetic constants for dCyd phosphorylation were similar for the human and mouse enzymes and also similar to what previously has been observed for dCK purified from human tissues. Mouse dCK was less efficient with regard to dAdo, dGuo, and ddCyd phosphorylation as compared with human dCK when using ATP as phosphate donor in a phosphoryl transfer assay.
J Biol Chem 1994 Sep 30
PMID:2 cloning and expression of mouse deoxycytidine kinase. Pure recombinant mouse and human enzymes show differences in substrate specificity. 792 97

Fox population reduction was the first measure undertaken to control rabies in foxes, but this proved unsuccessful. The promising results of oral immunisation of foxes against rabies in some European countries encouraged the authorization of the first rabies vaccination of foxes in the field in Slovenia, in October 1988. In the present study, intervention analysis is used to evaluate the results of this vaccination campaign. The analysis took into account the cyclic nature of fox rabies and the possible effects of variability in the fox carcass submission rate. The results confirmed the decrease in fox rabies after the launch of the vaccination campaign. The reduction was independent of both cyclic oscillations in fox rabies and variability in carcass submission rate, thus indicating a positive net effect of the vaccination.
Rev Sci Tech 1994 Sep
PMID:Efficacy of the first oral vaccination against fox rabies in Slovenia. 794 51

Three hundred and one patients with endometrial carcinoma who were surgically staged and treated postoperatively with irradiation at the Fox Chase Cancer Center or the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania were retrospectively substaged by the 1988 FIGO staging system. For pathological stage I endometrial carcinoma, FIGO substage (IA/IB vs. IC) in addition to depth by thirds (< or = 2/3 vs. > 2/3), grade (1 or 2 vs. 3), age (< or = 60 vs. > 60), and type of postoperative irradiation (vaginal alone vs. external +/- vaginal) were predictive for 5-year cause-specific survival in univariate analysis. For all pathological stages, excluding IIIB and IV endometrial carcinoma, FIGO stage (I or II vs. III) in addition to depth by thirds (< or = 2/3 vs. > 2/3), grade (1 or 2 vs. 3), age (< or = 60 vs. > 60), and type of postoperative irradiation (vaginal alone vs. external +/- vaginal) were predictive for 5-year cause-specific survival in univariate analysis. Clinical stage (I vs. II or III) was not a significant predictor of outcome in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis of the above factors revealed FIGO stage in addition to grade, age and depth by thirds to be independent predictors of outcome. In conclusion, the FIGO surgical staging system better predicts outcome compared with the prior clinical staging system, although the FIGO substaging needs refinement. Grade, age, and depth by thirds are equally important prognostic factors in addition to FIGO stage and can add to the predictive value of the current FIGO staging system.
Radiother Oncol 1993 Sep
PMID:The justification for a surgical staging system in endometrial carcinoma. 825 95

Flow cytometry technic was used to study DNA synthesis of Hep G2 cells following mitomycin C and adriblastine treatments during 24 hours. DNA synthesis was expressed by 2 methods: the new expression global DNA synthesis (S+G2)/G1 that considered the cells during scheduled and unscheduled DNA syntheses of S and G2 phases and the cell cycle (Fox program) that evaluated the cells during scheduled DNA synthesis by the terms G1 = 2n, S = 2n+x and G2 = 4n which excluded unscheduled DNA synthesis. The experimental data treated with this new expression led to the determination of threshold concentrations for the two tested compounds where the DNA repair mechanisms were overloaded, leading to cell death. This term was shown to be more accurate to describe the genotoxic action of compounds. Furthermore, these threshold concentrations of DNA damages was found to be linked with significant increase of micronuclei in the micronucleus test.
Pathol Biol (Paris) 1995 Sep
PMID:[A new mode of expression for the assessment of capacities of DNA repair by flow cytometry]. 857 Feb 64

The nucleases A produced by two strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which have different stabilities, differ only in the identity of the single amino acid at residue 124. The nuclease from the Foggi strain of S. aureus (by convention nuclease WT), which contains His124, is 1.9 kcal.mol-1 less stable (at pH 5.5 and 20 degrees C) than the nuclease from the V8 strain (by convention nuclease H124L), which contains Leu124. In addition, the population of the trans conformer at the Lys116-Pro117 peptide bond, as observed by NMR spectroscopy, is different for the two variants: about 15% for nuclease WT and 9% for nuclease H124L. In order to improve our understanding of the origin of these differences, we compared the properties of WT and H124L with those of the H124A and H124I variants. We discovered a correlation between effects of different residues at this position on protein stability and on stabilization of the cis configuration of the Lys116-Pro117 peptide bond. In terms of free energy, approximately 17% of the increase in protein stability manifests itself as stabilization of the cis configuration at Lys116-Pro117. This result implies that the differences in stability arise mainly from structural differences between the cis configurational isomers at Pro117 of the different variants at residue 124. We solved the X-ray structure of the cis form of the most stable variant, H124L, and compared it with the published high-resolution X-ray structure of the cis form of the most stable variant, WT (Hynes TR, Fox RO, 1991, Proteins Struct Funct Genet 10:92-105). The two structures are identical within experimental error, except for the side chain at residue 124, which is exposed in the models of both variants. Thus, the increased stability and changes in the trans/cis equilibrium of the Lys116-Pro117 peptide bond observed in H124L relative to WT are due to subtle structural changes that are not observed by current structure determination technique. Residue 124 is located in a helix. However, the stability changes are too large and follow the wrong order of stability to be explained simply by differences in helical propensity. A second site of conformational heterogeneity in native nuclease is found at the His46-Pro47 peptide bond, which is approximately 80% trans in both WT and H124L. Because proline to glycine substitutions at either residue 47 or 117 remove the structural heterogeneity at that position and increase protein stability, we determined the X-ray structures of H124L + P117G and H124L + P47G + P117G and the kinetic parameters of H124L, H124L + P47G, H124L + P117G, and H124L + P47G + P117G. The individual P117G and P47G mutations cause decreases in nuclease activity, with kcat affected more than Km, and their effects are additive. The P117G mutation in nuclease H124L leads to the same local conformational rearrangement described for the P117G mutant of WT (Hynes TR, Hodel A, Fox RO, 1994, Biochemistry 33:5021-5030). In both P117G mutants, the loop formed by residues 112-117 is located closer to the adjacent loop formed by residues 77-85, and residues 115-118 adopt a type I' beta-turn conformation with the Lys116-Gly117 peptide bond in the trans configuration, as compared with the parent protein in which these residues have a typeVIa beta-turn conformation with the Lys116-Pro117 peptide bond in the cis configuration. Addition of the P47G mutation appears not to cause any additional structural changes. However, the electron density for part of the loop containing this peptide bond was not strong enough to be interpreted.
Protein Sci 1996 Sep
PMID:Coupling between trans/cis proline isomerization and protein stability in staphylococcal nuclease. 888 Sep 15

The kinetics of intramolecular electron transfer between flavin and heme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae flavocytochrome b2 were investigated by performing potentiometric titrations and temperature-jump experiments on the recombinant wild type and Y143F and Y254F mutants. The midpoint potential of heme was determined by monitoring redox titrations spectrophotometrically, and that of semiquinone flavin/reduced flavin (Fsq/Fred) and oxidized flavin (Fox)/Fsq couples by electron paramagnetic resonance experiments at room temperature. The effects of pyruvate on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also investigated. At room temperature, pH 7.0 and I = 0.1 M, the redox potential of the Fsq/Fred, Fox/Fsq, and oxidized heme/reduced heme (Hox/Hred) couples were -135, -45, and -3 mV, respectively, in the wild-type form. Although neither the mutations nor excess pyruvate did appreciably modify the potential of the heme or that of the Fsq/Fred couple, they led to variable positive shifts in the potential of the Fox/Fsq couple, thus modulating the driving force that characterizes the reduction of heme by the semiquinone in the -42 to +88 mV range. The relaxation rates measured at 16 degreesC in temperature-jump experiments were independent of the protein concentrations, with absorbance changes corresponding to the reduction of the heme. Two relaxation processes were clearly resolved in wild-type flavocytochrome b2 (1/tau1 = 1500 s-1, 1/tau2 = 200 +/- 50 s-1) and were assigned to the reactions whereby the heme is reduced by Fred and Fsq, respectively. The rate of the latter reaction was determined in the whole series of proteins. Its variation as a function of the driving force is well described by the expression obtained from electron-transfer theories, which provides evidence that the intramolecular electron transfer is not controlled by the dynamics of the protein.
Biochemistry 1998 Sep 15
PMID:Temperature-jump and potentiometric studies on recombinant wild type and Y143F and Y254F mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae flavocytochrome b2: role of the driving force in intramolecular electron transfer kinetics. 973 53

On 21 July, Lord Soulsby of Swaffham Prior took office as President of the Royal Society of Medicine. He qualified mrcvs from Edinburgh in 1948 and held lectureships in Bristol and Cambridge before appointment as Professor of Parasitology in the University of Pennsylvania in 1964. There he stayed for fourteen years, returning to Cambridge in 1978 as Professor of Animal Pathology (now Emeritus). His work as a parasitologist has taken him to the USSR, Nigeria, India, Australia, South America, China and numerous countries of Europe. Earlier presidencies have included the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, the World Association for the Advancement of Parasitology, the Cambridge Society for Comparative Medicine, and the Comparative Medicine Section of the RSM (1993-95); he is Patron of the Fund for Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments. He has been a consultant to international bodies including WHO, the UN Development Programme, FAO, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. Created a life peer in 1990 (now on the Opposition benches), he chaired a Select Committee on antibiotic resistance whose report appeared earlier this year. He is interviewed here by Robin Fox.
J R Soc Med 1998 Sep
PMID:A veterinary President. Interview by Robin Fox. 1032 86

Drawing on the work of Evelyn Fox Keller, this paper examines the notion of 'objectivism' and suggests that medicine as a science is premised upon the denial of common mortality. Alternative models for medicine are then examined, including the 'romantic science' of Oliver Sacks, and the paper concludes with a brief discussion of nursing as a key concept in the articulation of a more comprehensive medicine of the future.
Nurs Inq 1998 Sep
PMID:Medical science, nursing, and the future. 992 16

The remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell migration, cell division, and cell morphogenesis. Actin-binding proteins play a pivotal role in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton in response to signals exchanged between cells. In consequence, actin-binding proteins are increasingly a focus of investigations into effectors of cell signaling and the coordination of cellular behaviors within developmental processes. One of the first actin-binding proteins identified was filamin, or actin-binding protein 280 (ABP280). Filamin is required for cell migration (Cunningham et al. 1992), and mutations in human alpha-filamin (FLN1; Fox et al. 1998) are responsible for impaired migration of cerebral neurons and give rise to periventricular heterotopia, a disorder that leads to epilepsy and vascular disorders, as well as embryonic lethality. We report the identification and characterization of a mutation in Drosophila filamin, the homologue of human alpha-filamin. During oogenesis, filamin is concentrated in the ring canal structures that fortify arrested cleavage furrows and establish cytoplasmic bridges between cells of the germline. The major structural features common to other filamins are conserved in Drosophila filamin. Mutations in Drosophila filamin disrupt actin filament organization and compromise membrane integrity during oocyte development, resulting in female sterility. The genetic and molecular characterization of Drosophila filamin provides the first genetic model system for the analysis of filamin function and regulation during development.
J Cell Biol 1999 Sep 06
PMID:Filamin is required for ring canal assembly and actin organization during Drosophila oogenesis. 1047 59

Winged helix/forkhead (Fox) transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of a number of insulin-responsive genes. The insulin response elements (IREs) of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) genes bind members of the FKHR and HNF3 subclasses of Fox proteins. Previous mutational analyses of the PEPCK and IGFBP-1 IREs revealed mutations which do not affect the binding of HNF3 proteins to these elements but do eliminate the ability of the IREs to mediate an insulin response. This dissociation of binding and function provided compelling evidence that HNF3 proteins, per se, are not insulin response proteins. The same approach was used here to determine if FKHRL1, a member of the FKHR subclass of Fox proteins, binds to the PEPCK and IGFBP-1 IREs in a manner that correlates with the ability of these elements to mediate an insulin response. Overexpression of FKHRL1 stimulates transcription from transfected reporter constructs that contain a multimerized PEPCK IRE or an IGFBP-1 IRE and this stimulation is repressed by insulin. There is a direct correlation between the ability of mutant versions of the PEPCK and IGFBP-1 IREs to bind FKHRL1 and their ability to mediate FKHRL1-induced transcription when FKHRL1 is overexpressed. However, under conditions where FKHRL1 is not overexpressed, there is a lack of correlation between FKHRL1 binding to mutant versions of the PEPCK and IGFBP-1 IREs and the ability of these elements to mediate an insulin response. Therefore, the PEPCK and IGFBP-1 IREs mediate FKHRL1-induced transcription and its inhibition by insulin when this protein is overexpressed, but at the normal cellular concentration of FKHRL1 the insulin response mediated by these elements must involve another protein.
J Biol Chem 2000 Sep 29
PMID:Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 gene expression by insulin. The role of winged helix/forkhead proteins. 1091 47


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