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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angina pectoris is the cardinal symptom of coronary heart disease and is a symptom with which physicians are very familiar. The clinical diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease is often based largely on a history of typical chest or arm pain, and the major therapeutic endeavour in such patients is directed towards abolition or amelioration of angina. Indeed physicians have, at least up until recently, been confident in assuming that angina is a reliable marker of ongoing ischaemia and that success of medical or surgical treatment of coronary heart disease can be accurately gauged according to improvement or disappearance of anginal symptoms (Cohn & Braunwald, 1988). However, the results of a number of important clinical studies, reported over that last 10 to 15 years, appear to challenge these traditional medical assumptions. In many patients with coronary heart disease, acute episodes of myocardial ischaemia are frequently unaccompanied by angina, often referred to as "silent myocardial ischaemia" (Epstein et al., 1988; Fox, 1988; Cohn, 1985; Maseri, 1985). It has to be pointed out that not all painless ischaemic episodes are truly silent. Instead of experiencing pain during some episodes of acute myocardial ischaemia, patients may, on occasion, instead report symptoms such as dyspnoea or palpitations (these symptoms being known as "anginal equivalents") (Cohn & Braunwald, 1988). Nevertheless, the great majority of painless ischaemic episodes are, truly silent and not accompanied by "anginal equivalents", which has led to the trend in the recent literature to regard the terms "silent" and "painless" myocardial ischaemia as synonymous.
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PMID:Silent ischaemia: an update on current concepts. 195 49

Pulmonic stenosis is caused by a malformed pulmonic valve, stricture of the right ventricular outflow tract or stricture of the pulmonary artery. English Bulldogs, Beagles, Samoyeds, Fox Terriers and Chihuahuas are predisposed. Clinical signs in severely affected dogs include exercise intolerance, stunting, dyspnea, syncope and ascites. Auscultation reveals a high-frequency, crescendo-decrescendo murmur during systole, loudest over the left side of the thorax, near the sternal cardiac border. An ECG may reveal a right-axis deviation of greater than 120 degrees, S waves in leads I, II and III, deep S waves in CV6LL, CV6LU and V10, Q waves deeper than 0.5 mv in leads II, III and AVF, and positive T waves in lead V10. Plain film LAT thoracic radiographs reveal an elevated carina, increased sternal contact of the heart, loss of the cranial cardiac waist and a widened cardiac silhouette, with normal pulmonary vasculature. A DV projection reveals an inverted "D" shape of the right ventricle and a pulmonary artery bulge. A nonselective angiocardiogram reveals poststenotic dilation of the main pulmonary artery. Treatment involves surgical correction of the stenosis.
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PMID:Congenital cardiac disease in dogs. 674 16