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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dermatoses of the nipple and areola are rare. The commonest dermatosis is Paget's disease, which presents in the form of a well demarcated erythematous area, sometimes erosive, oozing or hyperkeratotic. Histological examination reveals an intraepidermal proliferation of large clear cells, either isolated or grouped in clumps, predominantly in the suprabasal layers. Immunohistochemistry shows that these cells express low molecular weight cytokeratins and the epithelial membrane antigen, fairly frequently carcinoembryonic antigen. In 96% of cases, Paget's disease is associated with underlying breast carcinoma, either in situ or invasive. Erosive adenomatosis presents in the form of an erosion of the nipple, which is sometimes increased in size. Histologically, it consists of a benign tumour which may ulcerate the epidermis, composed of tubes and papillae lined by a double layer of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The syringomatous tumour is exceptional. In places, it forms rudimentary sweat ducts and is considered to have an intermediate malignancy; its resection must be complete. Other tumours may also be observed in this site: leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, benign cutaneous lymphocytoma, basal cell carcinoma, naevoid areolar hyperkeratosis. They are exceptional except areolar neurofibromas in case of neurofibromatosis. Infectious dermatoses (viral warts, molluscum contagiosum, scabies) are accompanied by lesions in other sites. They same applied to the majority of inflammatory dermatoses such as eczema or Fox-Fordyce disease. Supernumerary nipples are situated on a line extending from the anterior part of the axillary crease to the medial part of the inguinal crease.
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PMID:[Dermatoses of the nipple and the areola]. 779 32

A review of cutaneous reactions associated with oral contraceptives intended to help the practitioner is presented. The skin responses to gestagens depend upon the sensitivity of the patient, the nature of the gestagen, and the ratio of progestogen to estrogen. Reactions are classified according to their physiologic mechanisms: hormonal effects, immune response, altered porphyrin metabolism, and miscellaneous skin problems. Some of the reactions associated with pseudopregnancy include herpes gestationis, melasma, vaginal candidiasis, cholestatic jaundice, alopecia, and possibly hypertophic gingivitis, neurofibromatosis, and telangiectasia. Hormonal effects include acneform eruptions, diffuse hair loss, and decrease of sebum production. Adverse effects exerted via the immune system include: candidiasis, decreased delayed skin-test reactivity, increased viral infections, flare of lupus erthematosus, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, photodermatitis, and herpes gestationis. Altered porphyrin metabolism effects include induction of porphyria and of variegate porphyria. Beneficial effects of oral contraceptives include improvement of acne, lessening of premenstrual flaring of aphthous ulcers, and improvement of Fox-Fordyce disease with estrogenic preparations. There is an unclear association between seborrhea, epithelial inclusion cysts, and hidradenitis supporativa and contraceptive therapy.
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PMID:Desirable and undesirable cutaneous effects of oral contraceptives. 1222 28