Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In total, 1,186 second instar Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis Fox second instars were fed on a pig when it had a viremia of 10(5.2) hemadsorption units (HAd50/ml) and 420 second-instar O. puertoricensis were fed on an uninfected pig. Subsequent blood meals for ticks in both groups were from uninfected pigs. The effects of African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection on O. puertoricensis populations were evaluated for the following parameters: mortality; mean time to death; percentage molted per instar; percentage molted to male, female, or subsequent instar; effects on duration of premolt period; and the number of blood meals per instar. The cumulative virus-induced mortality rate for all immature stages (second to fifth instar) of O. puertoricensis that had been fed as second instars on a pig infected with ASFV was 43.2%. In contrast, 23.1% mortality was observed among ticks fed on uninfected pigs. The mortality rate among third instars that fed on the viremic pig was 55.3% versus 4.8% among nymphs fed on normal pigs. One-third to more than one-half of all third, fourth, and fifth instars required at least two blood meals to molt. Mean premolt periods for second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instars fed on uninfected pigs were approximately 12, 15, 32, 22, and 14 d, respectively. Mean weights for unfed second to fifth instars, males, and females were: 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 1.7, 1.5, and 3.1 mg per tick, respectively.
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PMID:African swine fever virus infection in the soft tick, Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis (Acari: Argasidae). 146 Jun 41

Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) is the etiological agent of Aleutian disease of mink. Several ADV isolates have been identified which vary in the severity of the disease they elicit. The isolate ADV-Utah replicates to high levels in mink, causing severe Aleutian disease that results in death within 6 to 8 weeks, but does not replicate in Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cells. In contrast, ADV-G replicates in CrFK cells but does not replicate in mink. The ability of the virus to replicate in vivo is determined by virally encoded determinants contained within a defined region of the VP2 gene (M. E. Bloom, J. M. Fox, B. D. Berry, K. L. Oie, and J. B. Wolfinbarger. Virology 251:288-296, 1998). Within this region, ADV-G and ADV-Utah differ at only five amino acid residues. To determine which of these five amino acid residues comprise the in vivo replication determinant, site-directed mutagenesis was performed to individually convert the amino acid residues of ADV-G to those of ADV-Utah. A virus in which the ADV-G VP2 residue at 534, histidine (H), was converted to an aspartic acid (D) of ADV-Utah replicated in CrFK cells as efficiently as ADV-G. H534D also replicated in mink, causing transient viremia at 30 days postinfection and a strong antibody response. Animals infected with this virus developed diffuse hepatocellular microvesicular steatosis, an abnormal accumulation of intracellular fat, but did not develop classical Aleutian disease. Thus, the substitution of an aspartic acid at residue 534 for a histidine allowed replication of ADV-G in mink, but the ability to replicate was not sufficient to cause classical Aleutian disease.
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PMID:Replication of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus in vivo is influenced by residues in the VP2 protein. 1048 25

Fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) (five of eight) were infected with West Nile virus (WNV) when challenged by the oral route with 10(2.3) or 10(3.4) plaque forming units (PFU). The mean maximum serum WNV titer of infected fox squirrels was 10(5.1) PFU/mL and ranged from 10(4.6) to 10(5.6) PFU/mL. These levels of viremia are infectious for several mosquito vectors of WNV. This virus was also isolated from swabs of the oral and rectal cavities, and urine swabs between day 5 and 9 postexposure (p.e.) in amounts as high as 10(2.0), 10(2.8), and 10(2) PFU, respectively. WNV RNA was detected in salivary gland and/or kidney tissue of three squirrels between day 65 and 72 p.e. in the presence of WNV neutralizing antibody, suggesting that long-term persistent infection occurs in fox squirrels. These observations justify further studies to determine if nonarthropod transmission and long-term persistent infection occur naturally in fox squirrels and contribute to trans-seasonal maintenance of WNV.
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PMID:Susceptibility of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) to West Nile virus by oral exposure. 1940 65