Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Uroporphyrin I is found in high concentration in the bones, teeth, blood, soft tissues, and urine of the fox squirrel, Sciurus niger. The concentration of uroporphyrin in fox squirrel spleen is much higher than in liver, kidney or bone marrow, probably because of accumulation from phagocytosed red cells. Bleeding causes a marked increase in the uroporphyrin concentration of red cells and spleen, and a 3-8-fold increase in uroporphyrin excretion. Urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen is not greater in fox squirrels than in nonporphyric gray squirrels. Sciurus carolinensis, used as controls. In all these characteristics, as well as in the previously demonstrated deficiency of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase in red cells, the physiological porphyria of fox squirrels resembles congenital erythropoietic porphyria, a hereditary disease of man and cattle. For squirrels differ in showing no evidence of cutaneous photosensitivity or hemolytic anemia. Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase activity is present in fox squirrel bone marrow at 1/10 its concentration in gray squirrel marrow. The fox squirrel enzyme is much more unstable than the gray squirrel enzyme, which provides a possible explanation for its low activity and for the overproduction of uroporphyrin I. It is unlikely that the deficiency of cosynthetase is due to its inactivation by excessive amounts of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, because activity of the latter enzyme is the same in blood from fox and gray squirrels.Fox squirrel porphyria provides a convenient model for studies of pathogenesis of human congenital erythropoietic porphyria.
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PMID:Erythropoietic porphyria of the fox squirrel Sciurus niger. 468 90

A review of cutaneous reactions associated with oral contraceptives intended to help the practitioner is presented. The skin responses to gestagens depend upon the sensitivity of the patient, the nature of the gestagen, and the ratio of progestogen to estrogen. Reactions are classified according to their physiologic mechanisms: hormonal effects, immune response, altered porphyrin metabolism, and miscellaneous skin problems. Some of the reactions associated with pseudopregnancy include herpes gestationis, melasma, vaginal candidiasis, cholestatic jaundice, alopecia, and possibly hypertophic gingivitis, neurofibromatosis, and telangiectasia. Hormonal effects include acneform eruptions, diffuse hair loss, and decrease of sebum production. Adverse effects exerted via the immune system include: candidiasis, decreased delayed skin-test reactivity, increased viral infections, flare of lupus erthematosus, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, photodermatitis, and herpes gestationis. Altered porphyrin metabolism effects include induction of porphyria and of variegate porphyria. Beneficial effects of oral contraceptives include improvement of acne, lessening of premenstrual flaring of aphthous ulcers, and improvement of Fox-Fordyce disease with estrogenic preparations. There is an unclear association between seborrhea, epithelial inclusion cysts, and hidradenitis supporativa and contraceptive therapy.
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PMID:Desirable and undesirable cutaneous effects of oral contraceptives. 1222 28