Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experiments in mice weighing 6-7 g showed that a population of wild street rabies virus strains could contain from 1 to 3 biologic variants determining the clinical characteristics, duration of the incubation period and of the disease, and virus titres in the brain. Fox strains L-1 and L-2 produced only paralytic rabies, the BE strain isolated from a badger induced paralytic and chronic disease, and the population of the Yak strain isolated from a boy bitten by a fox and timely given a complete course of postexposure treatment contained 3 biologic variants: (1) VAR produced acute paralytic rabies throughout 59 passages, (2) VVR induced a disease of the type of "violent" rabies throughout 20 passages, and (3) VCR provoked chronic rabies in 27 passages.
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PMID:[Biological variants of a population of strains of the rabies street virus]. 715 81

Our recent studies have shown ExoS to be a bifunctional type-III secreted cytotoxin. Intracellular expression of the amino terminus of ExoS (C234) in eukaryotic cells stimulates actin reorganization without cytotoxicity, which involves small-molecular-weight GTPases of the Rho subfamily. Expression of the carboxyl terminus of ExoS comprises an ADP-ribosyltransferase domain, which is cytotoxic when expressed in cultured cells (Pederson and Barbieri, 1998). Rho and Ras are molecular switches, which control numerous cellular processes. Recent signaling studies suggest that there is crosstalk between Rho and Ras (Keely et al, 1997). Ras and Rho also contribute to wound healing processes and tissue regeneration. Recent studies have shown that microinjection of endothelial cells with activated Ras stimulated their motility, while microinjection of Ras-blocking antibodies inhibited cellular motility that is a component of the wound healing process (Fox et al., 1994). In addition, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/ SF) and epidermal growth factor stimulate cellular motility through the Ras signal transduction pathway (Ridley et al., 1995). Rac and Rho are also involved in motility and tissue regeneration, since dominant negative Rac inhibits the cellular motility stimulated by HGF/SF (Santos et al., 1997) and inhibition of Rho by either C. difficile ToxA and ToxB or the C. botulinum C3 transferase inhibits wound healing (Santos et al., 1997). Inhibition of tissue regeneration and wound healing appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of C. difficile, since treatment of gastrointestinal mucosa with C. difficile ToxA and ToxB alone inhibits regeneration of the gastric mucosa. Thus, ExoS may contribute to the establishment of P. aeruginosa infections by inhibiting wound healing and tissue regeneration by two mechanisms. The amino terminus of ExoS could inhibit Rho function and wound healing in a manner similar to C. difficile. Alternatively, ExoS could inhibit the cellular motility and angiogenesis required for wound healing by ADP-ribosylating Ras. Through the inhibition of tissue regeneration and wound healing, ExoS may play a pivotal role in chronic disease by maintaining sites of colonization. Inhibition of Ras or Rho signaling may also interfere with both innate and acquired immunity. Small-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily are required for cellular processes, such as phagocytosis, as Rho proteins contribute to phagocytosis (Caron and Hall, 1998). Since Ras functions upstream of Rho in cellular signaling processes (Ridley et al., 1995), ADP-ribosylation of Ras by ExoS or the inhibition of Rho function by C234 may inhibit phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by macrophages. Other studies indicate that Ras plays a role in T cell activation (Cantrell, 1994). Thus, ExoS may inhibit acquired immunity by inhibiting T-cell activation.
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PMID:Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S, a bifunctional type-III secreted cytotoxin. 1111 15

Currently no mandatory standards or guidelines exist for Point-of-Care Testing (PoCT) in Australia. In 2001, a report on the role and value of 'near patient testing' in general practice outlined work that was required to assist the Australian Government to decide how to manage PoCT. Phillips Fox reported that adoption of mandatory accreditation requirements was not justified by the level of risk associated with PoCT. If implemented appropriately, PoCT could be useful with frontline management of chronic disease, relieving stress on general practice and expanding the reach of pathology. Interim PoCT standards in general practice were developed by a Quality Use of Pathology committee, and formed an accreditation framework for the PoCT in General Practice Trial. This trial concluded that PoCT has a role in supporting the primary healthcare team to manage chronic disease patients. While results of the trial are still being considered, the potential impact of funding PoCT in general practice is being treated as part of the wider review of pathology funding currently taking place in Australia. Although Australia has local models from which to draw experience, it has yet to decide the quality framework it would adopt if it was to roll out PoCT in general practice. The quality framework that Australia adopts for PoCT must achieve high quality pathology results that enhance clinical care.
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PMID:Evolution of Point-of-Care Testing in Australia. 2415 May 8

Fox-Fordyce disease (FFD) is a rare chronic disorder characterised by persistent inflammation because of the obstruction of apocrine sweat glands, which is a key factor of pathogenesis. The treatment of FFD is known to be difficult, and the modalities of treatment have not yet been widely studied. We report the successful treatment of a case of bilateral areolar FFD by a combination of surgical excision and 1550-nm fractionated erbium glass laser in an 18-year-old woman. The patient presented with a bilateral areolar eruption of multiple, severely pruritic, 3-4 mm skin- to grey-coloured folliculocentric dome-shaped papules. The initial treatment plan was for bilateral surgical excision of the larger and more highly elevated papules via circumferential dermal excision, which was intended to maintain the areolar contour and minimise distortion. A 1550-nm fractional erbium glass laser was then used to control the remnant lesions. The patient was recurrence-free at 14 months after the final laser treatment, and she was fully satisfied with the treatment results.
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PMID:Successful treatment of areolar Fox-Fordyce disease with surgical excision and 1550-nm fractionated erbium glass laser. 2707 51