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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small bowel tolerance is a major dose-limiting factor in treating the pelvis with radiation therapy (RT). The use of small bowel contrast during RT simulation is one technique used to localize the bowel and identify the treatment plan that would exclude the greatest volume. To determine the influence of treatment planning with oral contrast on gastrointestinal injury, acute and chronic small bowel morbidity was analyzed in 115 patients with endometrial and rectal carcinoma who received postoperative radiation therapy at the Fox Chase Cancer Center. Mean and median time of follow-up were 31 and 27 months, respectively. Acute diarrhea was seen in 82% of the patient population. Ten percent of patients experienced major complications requiring hospitalization. Ninety-three percent of patients simulated without contrast experienced side effects compared to 77% of patients simulated with contrast (p = .026). There was an increased incidence of chronic complications in patients who were not simulated with contrast dye (50% vs 23%, p = .014). Median duration of minor side effects was 4 months for patients planned without oral contrast and 1 month for patients who had contrast at the time of simulation (p = .036). The superior aspect of the treatment field was determined to be at a more inferior location in patients simulated with contrast, thereby excluding small bowel from treatment. Seventy-four percent of patients simulated without contrast had the upper border of the field placed at the superior aspect of the sacroiliac joint or above, compared to only 40% of patients planned with oral contrast (p = .002). This study has demonstrated decreased complications (both overall and chronic) as well as a change in the location of the treatment field with the use of small bowel contrast. Multivariate analysis revealed that both the use of oral contrast (p = .026) and a lower superior border of the treatment field (p = .007) were predictive for fewer sequelae to RT, indicating that planning with contrast leads to changes in the technical delivery of RT other than field placement (e.g., block placement). The reduced incidence and duration of small bowel morbidity may be in part caused by alterations of the treatment plan made when the small bowel is visualized at the time of simulation. It is therefore recommended that oral small bowel contrast be used during treatment planning for pelvic irradiation.
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PMID:Decreasing gastrointestinal morbidity with the use of small bowel contrast during treatment planning for pelvic irradiation. 200 62

From 1977 to 1984, 552 breast cancers in 548 women were treated with definitive irradiation following breast-conserving surgery at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the Fox Chase Cancer Center. All patients had invasive carcinoma and were AJC clinical Stage I or II. Pathologic axillary lymph node staging was known for all cases. The 5-year actuarial survival for the entire group was 93% with an NED survival of 81%. The 5-year survival for clinical Stage I and II patients was 97 and 87%, respectively, with a corresponding NED survival of 87 and 73%, respectively. For pathologic Stage I and II patients, the corresponding survival figures were 97 and 89%, respectively, with NED survival rates of 86 and 76%, respectively. The overall 5-year actuarial local failure rate was 6%, and the rate of local only as the first failure was 3%. The overall local-regional failure rate was 13% with a local-regional only first failure rate of 8%. These results compare favorably with other reported series and contribute a substantial number of patients to the increasing experience with definitive irradiation following breast-conserving procedures. The relatively low incidence of breast recurrence may be related to the emphasis on integrating the surgical, pathologic, and radiotherapeutic aspects of treatments, as well as the emergence of a re-excision policy for patients at high risk to have residual tumor.
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PMID:Definitive irradiation for early stage breast cancer: The University of Pennsylvania experience. 327 52

Between 1976 and 1985, 155 patients from the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Hospital, and the Fox Chase Cancer Center were divided into groups, each of which was treated with one of three preoperative radiotherapy regimens to be followed by cystectomy. Patients initially were treated with 4000 cGy during 4 weeks followed by cystectomy (16 patients). Beginning in 1978, patients received 2000 cGy in 1 week prior to surgery (70 patients). Since 1982, 40 patients were treated with 500 cGy on the day prior to surgery with postoperative radiation therapy reserved for patients with either involved margins of resection, advanced stage or high grade. A fourth group of 20 patients was either not offered or refused preoperative radiation. Nine patients received only postoperative radiation therapy. The 5-year actuarial disease-free survival for pathologic Stages B2, C, and D lesions (T3-4, N0-2), was 63% for those who had received high-dose radiation versus 21% for those that had low-dose or no radiation. Patients with advanced pathologic stage disease who had received greater than 2000 cGy had a reduced rate of local failure (11% versus 27% for those who had received less treatment). Patients with abnormal upper tracts as shown on the intravenous pyelograms (IVP) had a reduced 5-year determinate survival of 23% versus 65% for patients with normal upper tracts. This condition did not independently affect survival, but rather reflected advanced stage. Patients with abnormal creatinine levels had a decreased survival that was independent of stage. Computed tomography was found to have low sensitivity for determining extravesical extension (39%) and metastatic lymphadenopathy (12%). Patients with clinical Stage B2 and C disease (T3) that were downstaged had a 63% 5-year survival versus 18% of those that were not downstaged. The incidence of both ureteroenteral strictures and stomal complications was found to be higher in the 2000 cGy group than in those patients treated with the other regimens. The overall incidence of complications in that group was also significantly greater. We conclude that there is a continuing role for adjuvant radiotherapy in invasive bladder carcinoma to improve both pelvic control and survival. The 500 cGy radiotherapy "sandwich" regimen was equal in terms of pelvic control and survival to the other regimens and showed less overall morbidity. The 2000 cGy regimen was associated with the greatest incidence of morbidity and did not substantially improve pelvic control.
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PMID:A comparison of preoperative radiotherapy regimens for bladder carcinoma. The University of Pennsylvania experience. 333 59

Bilateral primary breast cancers occur commonly enough to justify adoption of special pre- and post-initial therapy screening. A 13.2% incidence of bilateral breast carcinoma has been found in the breast cancer patients who presented to the Fox Chase Cancer Center with an operatively manageable primary in an arbitrarily defined 30-month period and who have been followed for at least 20 months thereafter. Of the 287 patients seen in those 30 months, 4.5% had synchronously detectable lesions. Xeroradiography is helpful in the initial and follow-up evaluation of the patient for detection of a second primary and may lead to the discovery of an earlier-stage lesion. A history of a family member having a breast cancer was shown to be significant, 26% and 24% for primary and secondary relatives, respectively, and warrant a special screening strategy. Recognition of these factors may lead to earlier detection of curable breast cancers.
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PMID:Bilateral breast carcinoma: prospective evaluation of factors assisting diagnosis. 373 61

Twelve patients with pulmonary neoplasms treated at the Fox Chase Cancer Center were found to have a syndrome of axillary-subclavian vein occlusion. Ten patients had non-small-cell lung carcinoma, one had small cell carcinoma, and one had mesothelioma. In eight patients, this vascular syndrome developed as a consequence of progressive or metastatic recurrent disease, while in four patients it presaged the appearance of the initial malignant disease. Axillary-subclavian vein occlusion should be easily differentiated from the superior vena cava syndrome. Treatment with anticoagulation therapy in addition to specific antitumor therapy may relieve symptoms and signs without altering the occlusion itself.
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PMID:Axillary-subclavian vein occlusion in patients with lung neoplasms. 626 30

Dermatoses of the nipple and areola are rare. The commonest dermatosis is Paget's disease, which presents in the form of a well demarcated erythematous area, sometimes erosive, oozing or hyperkeratotic. Histological examination reveals an intraepidermal proliferation of large clear cells, either isolated or grouped in clumps, predominantly in the suprabasal layers. Immunohistochemistry shows that these cells express low molecular weight cytokeratins and the epithelial membrane antigen, fairly frequently carcinoembryonic antigen. In 96% of cases, Paget's disease is associated with underlying breast carcinoma, either in situ or invasive. Erosive adenomatosis presents in the form of an erosion of the nipple, which is sometimes increased in size. Histologically, it consists of a benign tumour which may ulcerate the epidermis, composed of tubes and papillae lined by a double layer of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The syringomatous tumour is exceptional. In places, it forms rudimentary sweat ducts and is considered to have an intermediate malignancy; its resection must be complete. Other tumours may also be observed in this site: leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, benign cutaneous lymphocytoma, basal cell carcinoma, naevoid areolar hyperkeratosis. They are exceptional except areolar neurofibromas in case of neurofibromatosis. Infectious dermatoses (viral warts, molluscum contagiosum, scabies) are accompanied by lesions in other sites. They same applied to the majority of inflammatory dermatoses such as eczema or Fox-Fordyce disease. Supernumerary nipples are situated on a line extending from the anterior part of the axillary crease to the medial part of the inguinal crease.
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PMID:[Dermatoses of the nipple and the areola]. 779 32

Recently, cervical mucin-secreting squamous carcinomas have been reported to be more common in younger women than in older women, leading some to conclude that any histologic classification of cervical carcinoma should include a specific category of this tumor type. One hundred and ninety-six invasive cervical carcinomas were classified using two histologic classification systems--the World Health Organization (WHO) and a system that recognized mucin-secreting squamous carcinomas (Fox). Analyses were performed to determine whether there was an association between age and glandular tumor types in either system. In the WHO System, 72% were classified as squamous carcinoma, 22% adenocarcinoma, and 6% adenosquamous. In the Fox System, 54% were squamous carcinoma, 22% adenocarcinoma, 4% adenosquamous, and 20% squamous carcinoma with mucin secretion. Specimen type did not significantly affect the classification of a carcinoma. No association was established between age and a diagnosis of adeno- and adenosquamous carcinomas in the WHO System, or age and adeno-, adenosquamous, and mucin-secreting squamous carcinomas in the Fox System. We conclude that use of the WHO Classification System does not obscure significant epidemiologic trends that are evident in a classification system that identifies mucin-secreting squamous carcinomas.
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PMID:Histopathologic classification of cervical carcinomas and recognition of mucin-secreting squamous carcinomas. 838 Feb 84

Fifty years ago, the Eker rat was identified as the first animal model of hereditary renal adenoma and carcinoma, with histopathology resembling human renal carcinoma. Ten years ago, a mutation in the TSC2 gene was identified in the Eker rat at Fox Chase Cancer Center by Yeung and Knudson, and in Tokyo by Kobayashi and Hino. The literature contains dozens of reports of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients, including tumors in children as young as five and one report in an infant. Despite these facts, the association between TSC and RCC is under-recognized, and sometimes completely omitted from discussions of inherited renal carcinoma. Here, we will review the clinical association of RCC in TSC, consider the factors that have led to its under-emphasis within the RCC field, address the cellular and biochemical mechanisms that may contribute to RCC in cells with TSC1 or TSC2 mutations, and finally discuss the ways in which the TSC signaling pathways may be linked to sporadic RCC in the general population.
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PMID:The genetic basis of kidney cancer: why is tuberous sclerosis complex often overlooked? 1557 29

Primary pulmonary tumors are less common in dogs than secondary (metastatic) tumors. Most primary tumors are malignant and of epithelial origin. Pulmonary large-cell carcinoma is considered extremely rare in domestic animals, and some of the few reported cases actually may have been cases of malignant pulmonary histiocytosis. An 8-year-old female Wire Fox Terrier with diffuse alveolar pattern radiographically was euthanatized when it failed to respond to antibiotic therapy. Histologically, pulmonary alveolar spaces contained clusters of large round anaplastic cells with ample eosinophilic cytoplasm and large irregularly shaped nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry was used to distinguish large-cell carcinoma from malignant pulmonary histiocytosis. Tumor cells had strong immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, consistent with epithelial origin. However, a substantial percentage of the neoplastic cells co-expressed vimentin and MHC-II. The type II alveolar epithelial cell was considered the cell of origin of the neoplasm based on the presence of lamellar bodies in some neoplastic cells and immunoreactivity for surfactant protein A and thyroid transcription factor-1.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of a pulmonary large-cell carcinoma in a dog. 1858 94

Forkhead Box m1b (Foxm1b) is a subtype of the Fox transcription factor family. It is detected in all proliferative cells, but disappears when cells enter into their terminal differentiation phase. Foxm1b is closely related to hepatocellular growth, mainly through inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors to influence cell proliferation. It also participates in growth hormone (GH) mediated cell multiplication, but does not induce tumors. The expression of Foxm1b has been observed in many tumor cell lines and malignant tumors, indicating that it might be an essential proto-oncogene in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, Foxm1b may take part in liver regeneration after hepatectomy, hepatic failure and liver transplantation. Foxm1b is a new potential target for the treatment human hepatic cell carcinoma (HCC).
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PMID:[Significance of Forkhead Box m1b (Foxm1b) gene in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis]. 1871 Jun 29


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