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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dermatoses of the nipple and areola are rare. The commonest dermatosis is Paget's disease, which presents in the form of a well demarcated erythematous area, sometimes erosive, oozing or hyperkeratotic. Histological examination reveals an intraepidermal proliferation of large clear cells, either isolated or grouped in clumps, predominantly in the suprabasal layers. Immunohistochemistry shows that these cells express low molecular weight cytokeratins and the epithelial membrane antigen, fairly frequently carcinoembryonic antigen. In 96% of cases, Paget's disease is associated with underlying breast carcinoma, either in situ or invasive. Erosive adenomatosis presents in the form of an erosion of the nipple, which is sometimes increased in size. Histologically, it consists of a benign tumour which may ulcerate the epidermis, composed of tubes and papillae lined by a double layer of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The syringomatous tumour is exceptional. In places, it forms rudimentary sweat ducts and is considered to have an intermediate malignancy; its resection must be complete. Other tumours may also be observed in this site: leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, benign cutaneous lymphocytoma, basal cell carcinoma, naevoid areolar hyperkeratosis. They are exceptional except areolar neurofibromas in case of neurofibromatosis. Infectious dermatoses (viral warts, molluscum contagiosum, scabies) are accompanied by lesions in other sites. They same applied to the majority of inflammatory dermatoses such as eczema or Fox-Fordyce disease. Supernumerary nipples are situated on a line extending from the anterior part of the axillary crease to the medial part of the inguinal crease.
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PMID:[Dermatoses of the nipple and the areola]. 779 32

Consistent deletions and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in polymorphic markers in a determinate chromosomal fragment are known to be indicative of a closely mapping tumor suppressor gene. Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 is a frequent trait in many kinds of human primary tumors. We studied LOH of 14 markers on chromosome 7q in order to determine the location of a putative tumor suppressor gene in human primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and in human primary colon carcinomas. Samples were obtained from 18 primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and 18 primary colon carcinomas surgically removed from patients at the Fox Chase Cancer Center. Loss of heterozygosity was studied performing PCR amplifications of a set of 14 CA microsatellite repeats encompassing 7q21-qter. Of 18 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck cases studied, 12 had LOH at one or more loci on 7q. Fifty-three percent of 15 informative cases had LOH of the CA microsatellite dinucleotide repeat marker D7S522 at 7q31.1-7q31.2. Eleven of 18 colon carcinoma cases had LOH of one or more markers assayed, and the maximum LOH (80% of 10 informative cases) was at D7S522. Distributions of percentage of LOH in both tumor types were normally distributed around microsatellite D7S522. The high incidence of LOH in both tumor types studied suggests that a tumor suppressor gene relevant to the development of epithelial cancers is present on the 7q31.1-31.2, confirming our previous functional evidence for a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 7.
Cancer Res 1995 Mar 15
PMID:Frequent loss of heterozygosity in human primary squamous cell and colon carcinomas at 7q31.1: evidence for a broad range tumor suppressor gene. 788 34

Evaluating the impact of written materials is a means to enhance the effectiveness of patient education, yet few controlled studies of publications have been completed. In 1984, as a result of a needs assessment, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed and pretested the booklet "What Are Clinical Trials All About?" The booklet was designed to help cancer patients make informed decisions about participation in clinical trials, which are critical for improving cancer treatment. The booklet, which is currently available, has been used internationally as a model for communicating information on clinical trials. Since 1985, the booklet has been used by the Cancer Information Service (CIS) as an educational tool for answering questions from cancer patients about treatment and clinical trials. The CIS, which has traditionally assisted NCI in the development and testing of educational materials, was involved in the pretesting and particularly the posttesting of this booklet. The CIS regional offices at Fox Chase Cancer Center and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center together with National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and North Memorial Medical Center conducted a posttest evaluation of the booklet's effectiveness for cancer patients. Two hospitals tested the booklet on patients who were eligible for a specific clinical trial, and two hospitals tested the booklet on patients who were theoretically eligible for a clinical trial (with a cancer site and stage for which a trial existed). Patients were randomly assigned: 203 experimental subjects received the booklet, and 194 control subjects were not given the booklet until after a 2-week posttest examining attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs about clinical trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1993
PMID:Evaluation of the National Cancer Institute's clinical trials booklet. 812 51

The National Cancer Institute (NCI), in its goal to reduce cancer mortality by 50% by the year 2000, has placed a special emphasis on prevention and early detection, especially in underserved populations. Check-Up On Health is a community based health education program being carried out by Fox Chase Cancer Center in three inner city Philadelphia neighborhoods, to improve the provision of appropriate cancer screening and prevention services to older, blue-collar adults by their primary care physicians. Primary care physicians in the chosen neighborhoods were targeted to receive a brief cancer prevention educational message delivered by project staff and patterned on the model of drug detailing developed by the pharmaceutical industry. This study represents an attempt to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of such an approach aimed at improving cancer prevention promotion in the health care system. Primary care physicians were identified by community residents who attended one of 67 Check-Up On Health education presentations about cancer prevention at churches, social clubs, and senior-citizen centers within the targeted neighborhoods. An attempt was then made by project staff to visit each identified physician in his/her office or clinic, during office hours, both to conduct a brief survey and to deliver an educational message about either cancer screening guidelines or counseling for smoking cessation. The physicians were also provided with educational materials for themselves as well as their patients. Twelve months after the visit, a follow-up phone call to the physicians assessed the impact of the visit and solicited suggestions for future outreach efforts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Cancer Educ 1993
PMID:Academic detailing: a model for in-office CME. 818 79

Three hundred and one patients with endometrial carcinoma who were surgically staged and treated postoperatively with irradiation at the Fox Chase Cancer Center or the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania were retrospectively substaged by the 1988 FIGO staging system. For pathological stage I endometrial carcinoma, FIGO substage (IA/IB vs. IC) in addition to depth by thirds (< or = 2/3 vs. > 2/3), grade (1 or 2 vs. 3), age (< or = 60 vs. > 60), and type of postoperative irradiation (vaginal alone vs. external +/- vaginal) were predictive for 5-year cause-specific survival in univariate analysis. For all pathological stages, excluding IIIB and IV endometrial carcinoma, FIGO stage (I or II vs. III) in addition to depth by thirds (< or = 2/3 vs. > 2/3), grade (1 or 2 vs. 3), age (< or = 60 vs. > 60), and type of postoperative irradiation (vaginal alone vs. external +/- vaginal) were predictive for 5-year cause-specific survival in univariate analysis. Clinical stage (I vs. II or III) was not a significant predictor of outcome in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis of the above factors revealed FIGO stage in addition to grade, age and depth by thirds to be independent predictors of outcome. In conclusion, the FIGO surgical staging system better predicts outcome compared with the prior clinical staging system, although the FIGO substaging needs refinement. Grade, age, and depth by thirds are equally important prognostic factors in addition to FIGO stage and can add to the predictive value of the current FIGO staging system.
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PMID:The justification for a surgical staging system in endometrial carcinoma. 825 95

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been used successfully in the treatment of malignancies, alone and as an adjunct to surgical resection. This study examined a single institution's experience with combined IORT and surgical resection in the treatment of advanced cancer. The records of 41 consecutive patients undergoing intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, from July 1987 through March 1990, were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had locally advanced disease, of whom 73% had failed previous multimodality therapy and 44% had undergone prior radiation therapy (XRT). The 2-year actuarial survival for the entire cohort was 72%. Disease-free survival was 47% at 1 year and 5% at 2 years. The only important prognostic factor predicting outcome was status of the surgical margin. Positive surgical margins decreased the 2-year actuarial survival from 100% to 59%, and increased the local failure rate from 21% to 52%. Margin status had no effect on the later development of metastatic disease. Higher IORT doses, field sizes > 7 cm, and multiple IORT fields were used for larger tumors and larger amounts of residual disease. These parameters alone did not correlate with improved local control. This analysis suggests the usefulness of aggressive surgical resection with IORT in extending survival for locally advanced or recurrent cancer. Negative margin status is the best predictor of a favorable outcome and should be used to select patients who may benefit from IORT. The use of radiation sensitizing agents should be explored in patients with positive margins, since in-field failure continues to be the major pattern of failure. IORT in conjunction with aggressive surgical resection should continue to be studied in prospective randomized clinical trials.
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PMID:The influence of surgical margins on advanced cancer treated with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and surgical resection. 847 94

Treatment of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with a dosing regimen of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) maintaining a steady-state liver concentration of 150 ng/g results in enhanced hepatocyte proliferation in the periportal region, but reduced proliferation in the remainder of the hepatic lobule (Fox et al. (1993) Cancer Res., 53, 2265-2271). Here, we report an initial characterization of the actions of TCDD on hepatocyte proliferation by monitoring DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes isolated from SD rats. TCDD caused a dose-dependent inhibition (EC50 = 10 pM) of DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes isolated from either male or female SD rats in the presence or absence of known hepatocyte mitogens (epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor alpha). No change in DNA synthesis was observed at TCDD concentrations less than 1 pM. Initial characterization of the EGF response system in these cells revealed that TCDD did not alter the specific binding of EGF, or the levels of EGF receptor protein measured in intact cells or cell lysates. TCDD-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis occurred independently of the suppression observed with transforming growth factor-beta 1. Estradiol did not alter DNA synthesis in the presence or absence of TCDD. Taken together, these findings indicate that TCDD suppresses DNA synthesis via a novel pathway that is non-responsive to estradiol, independent of TGF-beta, and does not involve a decreased ability of hepatocytes to recognize (bind) EGF, a prototype mitogen.
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PMID:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibits DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes. 853 40

Published studies of sarcomas using 31P MRS suffer from technical limitations that include absence of localization to regions of interest, resulting in heavy contamination with signals from muscle, and poor resolution. This review has shown that, in spite of their limitations, many of these studies provide important leads to indicate the directions that need to be taken to further develop clinical and biologic uses of MRS. The uniqueness of the metabolic information available in vivo in a noninvasive manner using MRS provides a major stimulus to pursue these directions. In particular, the potential of 31P MRS to predict treatment sensitivity and resistance in individual cases could lead to a very cost-beneficial clinical use of this procedure. 1H-decoupling and NOE-enhancement, implemented in conjunction with dual-tuned surface coils and accurate localization of 31P MR spectra to regions of interest in three dimensions using CSI, have enabled us to overcome the major technical limitations mentioned earlier, broaden the scope of 31P MRS investigations, and obtain more information about the in vivo metabolic characteristics of soft-tissue sarcomas than has heretofore been available. Our approach, which has been fully implemented in a clinical imager, provides a good technical basis from which to examine potential clinical uses of 31P MRS. In particular, we can now rigorously test the hypotheses, derived from preliminary studies in the literature, that initial metabolic features or early treatment-induced changes in PME predict sensitivity of a sarcoma to that particular treatment. To this end, we at Fox Chase Cancer Center, along with investigators at Duke University, the Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, St. Georges Hospital Medical School, the University of California at San Francisco, and Wayne State University have initiated an NCI-sponsored cooperative trial to examine the role of 31P MRS in the clinical management of soft-tissue sarcomas and other selected cancers.
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PMID:MR spectroscopy of musculoskeletal soft-tissue tumors. 856 91

There have been reports of chemical attacks in which sulfur mustard might have been used (a) on Iranian soldiers and civilians during the Gulf War in 1984 and 1985 and (b) in an Iraqi chemical attack on the Iranian-occupied village of Halbja in 1988, resulting in many civilian casualties. Heavy use of chemical warfare in Afghanistan by the Soviet military is a recent innovation in military tactics that has been highly successful and may ensure further use of chemical agents in future military conflicts and terrorist attacks as a profitable adjunct to conventional military arms. Mustard is a poisonous chemical agent that exerts a local action on the eyes, skin, and respiratory tissue, with subsequent systemic action on the nervous, cardiac, and digestive systems in humans and laboratory animals, causing lacrimation, malaise, anorexia, salivation, respiratory distress, vomiting, hyperexcitability, and cardiac distress. Under extreme circumstances, dependent upon the dose and length of exposure to the agent, necrosis of the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory system, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, intestinal lesions, hemoconcentration, leucopenia, convulsions with systemic distress, and death occur. Severe mustard poisoning in humans is associated with systemic injury, which is manifested as headache, epigastric distresses, anorexia, diarrhea, and cachexia and is usually observed at mustard doses of 1000 mg/min/m3 with damage to hematopoietic tissues and progressive leucopenia. Sulfur mustard is a cell poison that causes disruption and impairment of a variety of cellular activities that are dependent upon a very specific integral relationship. These cytotoxic effects are manifested in widespread metabolic disturbances whose variable characteristics are observed in enzymatic deficiencies, vesicant action, abnormal mitotic activity and cell division, bone marrow disruption, disturbances in hematopoietic activity, and systemic poisoning. Indeed, mustard gas readily combines with various components of the cell such as amino acids, amines, and proteins. Although evidence of an association between lung cancer and mustard gas encountered on the battlefields of World War I is at best suggestive if not problematical (Case and Lea, 1955; Beebe, 1960; Norman, 1975), the epidemiological data accumulated from the poison gas factories in Japan (Yamada et al., 1953; Wada et al., 1968; Inada et al., 1978; Shigenobu, 1980; Nishimoto et al., 1983; Hirono et al., 1984; Takuoka et al., 1986), in Germany (Weiss, 1958; Hellmann, 1970a; Weiss and Weiss, 1975; Klehr, 1984) and in England (Manning et al., 1981; Easton et al., 1988) are substantial (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1975). Unfortunately, attempts to seek confirmatory and substantial evidence in laboratory animals such as mice (Boyland and Horning, 1949; Heston, 1950; Heston, 1953a; McNamara et al., 1975) and rats (Griffin et al., 1951; McNamara et al., 1975; Sasser et al., 1996) have not been consistent. Sulfur mustard has been shown to be mutagenic in a variety of different species using many different laboratory techniques from fruit flies, microorganisms and mammalian cell cultures (Fox and Scott, 1980). Evidence is slowly accumulating from human data (Hellmann, 1970a; Lohs, 1975; Wulf et al., 1985). Evidence for the teratogenicity of mustard has been negative in assessment of fetotoxicity and adverse effects of mustard on the reproductive potential of both human and animal studies. Indeed, investigations of women adversely affected by mustard are minimal because most of the studies have been performed on former men employees of poison gas factories and have been negative or questionable. We have recently emphasized the need to assess the affect of a suspected teratogen on maternal toxicity in laboratory animals before any conclusions can be made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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PMID:Toxicology and pharmacology of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard. 880 7

Weight loss and nutritional deterioration are associated with adverse outcomes in terms of cancer prognosis (response rate and survival) as well as increased complications, prolonged hospitalizations, increased risk of unplanned hospitalization, increased disability, and increased overall cost of care. The nutritional oncology service at Fox Chase Cancer Center defined a proactive, standardized assessment and interventional approach from 1987-1994. In 186 consecutive patients referred to the nutrition clinic and managed solely by oral intervention and aggressive symptom management, the team demonstrated a 50%-80% success rate in getting patients to maintain or gain weight during therapy, with a similar success in maintaining or improving visceral protein status as determined by serum transferrin and/or albumin. Evaluation of the home parenteral nutrition program (n = 65, from 1987-1993) demonstrated similar success when appropriate triaging was carried out, with 58% of patients able to be tapered off parenteral nutrition (PN) entirely or with transition to enteral tube feeding. The assessment of success for a nutritional intervention (e.g., a disease-specific nutritional supplement) requires the standardization of definitions, assessment tools, criteria for nutritional intervention, and appropriate end points for the assessment of outcomes. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment of nutritional status is used in conjunction with the nutritional risk of planned cancer therapy to define a standardized interventional approach in oncology patients, which can be used in clinical practice, cooperative oncology group protocols, and clinical trials of nutritional intervention regimens.
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PMID:Definition of standardized nutritional assessment and interventional pathways in oncology. 885 Feb 13


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