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We have previously demonstrated that insulin stimulates glycerolipid synthesis and phospholipid hydrolysis in BC3H-1 myocytes, resulting in the generation of membrane diacylglycerol, a known cellular mediator. This led us to the original proposal that diacylglycerol may contribute to the mediation of insulin action, especially stimulation of glucose transport. The fact that agents such as phenylephrine and phorbol esters, which increase or act as membrane diacylglycerols, are fully active in stimulating glucose transport in this tissue lent further support to this proposal. In this paper, we demonstrate that the diacylglycerol analogues PMA (4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and mezerein (both possessing 12 beta- and 13 alpha-O-linked substituents as well as a 4 beta-hydroxyl group) each increase the Vmax of the glucose transporter as does insulin. Diacylglycerol generated by the addition of phospholipase C also stimulates glucose uptake to a maximum which is equal and nonadditive to that of insulin, while addition of the narrowly active phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C which generates the putative phosphoinositol-glycan mediator of Saltiel et al. (Saltiel, A., Fox, J., She Lin, P., and Cutrecasas, P. (1986) Science 233, 967-972) stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase in these cells without any effect on glucose uptake. Pretreatment of the myocytes with PMA resulted in desensitization of subsequent glucose uptake to stimulation by phenylephrine, but had no effect on stimulation of glucose uptake by phospholipase C or by insulin, indicating that PMA pretreatment primarily desensitizes agonist-induced polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis which, as we have previously shown, is not involved in the insulin-induced generation of diacylglycerol. This was confirmed by the absence of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization during insulin administration, as measured by the sensitive fluorescent probe fura-2 in attached monolayer BC3H-1 myocytes. Furthermore, we have shown that insulin-generated diacylglycerol satisfies several criteria for a mediator of insulin action, including the demonstration that insulin-stimulated endogenous diacylglycerol generation is antecedent to glucose transport and has an identical insulin dose-response curve and moreover that the magnitude and time course of subsequent stimulation of glucose transport is reproduced by the addition of the simple exogenous diacylglyerol, dioctanoylglycerol, in the complete absence of the hormone. These results establish a central role for insulin-induced glycerolipid metabolism in mediating insulin-stimulated glucose transport in BC3H-1 myocytes.
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PMID:Insulin-induced glycerolipid mediators and the stimulation of glucose transport in BC3H-1 myocytes. 328 20

The venerable tradition of British gynaecological pathology is honoured by brief comments on those who have pioneered work in this arena, using as the starting point the remarkable Scottish physician Dr Matthew Baillie who, with his uncles, the legendary William and John Hunter, can arguably be considered the founders of medicine in Great Britain. The impact of Baillie's great work 'The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body' is noted. Because of the fame they achieved in working in other areas, the contributions to gynaecological pathology of Thomas Hodgkin and Richard Bright, particularly the former, are often overlooked and are noted herein as is a remarkable book on the ovary by Charles G. Ritchie, published in 1865. The middle years of the 19th century were notable because of the activities of pioneering surgeons such as Sir Spencer Wells and Lawson Tait which gradually led to a greater emphasis on pathologic examination of specimens removed at operation, as opposed to autopsy evaluation. The closing years of the 19th century and early years of the 20th century were dominated by five individuals, Alban Doran, John Bland-Sutton, Cuthbert Lockyer, Elizabeth Hurdon and John Hammond Teacher. Doran wrote an early study of tubal carcinoma and a book on that organ and the ovary. Bland-Sutton was a remarkably influential surgeon with a significant interest in pathology and also contributed a book on the ovary and fallopian tube as well as one of the early good papers on metastatic tumours to the ovary. Lockyer wrote an outstanding book on uterine fibroids and established, and funded, a museum at Charing Cross Hospital. Hurdon can be considered the first female gynaecological pathologist. She spent much of her active career in the United States working at Johns Hopkins Hospital. She co-authored a monumental book on the appendix, likely never to be equalled. Teacher worked in Glasgow for many years and was almost single-handedly responsible for the acceptance in Britain of the concepts of trophoblastic disease espoused by the German investigator Felix Marchand. Wallace Park of Dundee also contributed significantly on trophoblastic disease in later years. The years following the death of Dr Teacher were largely dominated by three individuals, Magnus Haines working in London, Claud Taylor in Birmingham, and Frederick Langley in Manchester. The first two individuals wrote an excellent textbook and Langley brought great fame to the Manchester School, ably assisted by Harold Fox, the latter being the doyen of British gynaecologic pathologists throughout the latter decades of the 20th century. With Langley he wrote an important book on ovarian tumours, an equally influential book on the placenta, and with Dr Hilary Buckley he authored a book on endometrial biopsy interpretation. Additionally, his countless entertaining and instructive lectures throughout the world represented a remarkable educational experience.
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PMID:The history of British gynaecological pathology. 1920 41

Catherine Poh speaks to G Westcott, Commissioning Editor: Dr. C Poh gained a dental degree from the National Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan and went on to gain her PhD from the University of British Columbia in 1997, looking into molecular biology in oral cancer. In addition to her current role an associate professor in the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of British Columbia, she is a senior clinician scientist at the Integrative Oncology Department of the BC Cancer Agency's Research Centre. She has various other roles, including being active within the Oral Oncology Department at BC Cancer Agency and the Oral Mucosal Disease Program at Vancouver General Hospital. Her research focuses on the application of molecular and imaging tools for screening, detection and management of at-risk oral lesions. She is currently the principal investigator of a Terry Fox Research Institute-funded ($5 million), pan-Canadian multicenter randomized controlled surgical trial.
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PMID:Improving public awareness and outcomes for oral cancer. 2803 50

Dr. Ida Lystic completed her MD degree at the prestigious Harvey Medical School (which has since been renamed the Harvey Provider School) and her residency in internal medicine and gastroenterology fellowship at the OTHER (Owen T. Henry and Eugene Rutherford) Medical Center. She was subsequently hired as an assistant professor at the BEST (Byron Edwards and Samuel Thompson) Medical Center in 2015. After eventually completing an extensive list of employment requirements, she was able to begin seeing patients. She had not anticipated a change in the electronic medical record systems-from the user-friendly intuitive SIMPLE (Succinct Input Making Patients' Lives Electronic) system to the complicated and challenging LEGEND (perhaps, as her colleagues had suggested, Lengthy and Excessively Graded Evaluation and Nomenclature for Diagnosis) system. Nor had she expected some of the challenges encountered in her daily clinic routine: The lack of schedulers for her patients (based on recommendations by the Optima Efficiency Consultant Group and incorporated by the BEST efficiency department) and the addition of egg timers on the doors along with a compliance spreadsheet and corrective action plan for the tardy physicians to complete to encourage punctuality (based on the assessment of the Wait Time Committee). She joined the LOST (Laboratory OverSight and Testing) Committee, because participation to support BEST Medical Center practices is strongly suggested for faculty seeking promotion; however, when the new committee chairman-who is a surgeon-was elected, the noon meetings were rescheduled for 6:00 am each month. At the request of her recently divorced department chairman, the philandering Dr. Seymore Fox, she became deputy head of the Gastroenterology Fellowship Selection Committee; she recently coordinated the selection of the physicians for next year's fellowship. The fellowship candidate selection process at the BEST Medical School is probably similar to that performed at the OTHER Medical Center; however, innovative interview techniques-such as assessment for manual dexterity (with the "space race") and typing skills-have been incorporated to enhance the selection of the best candidates. Dr. Ida Lystic, the gastroenterology department, and the medical school at "the BEST Medical Center" are creations of the author's imagination; yet, many of the anecdotes are based on actual events whose details have been modified to protect the guilty.
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PMID:Fellowship candidate selection at the BEST Medical Center: A novel process. 2891 30