Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The visual world appears unified, stable, and continuous despite rapid changes in eye position. How this is accomplished has puzzled psychologists for over a century. One possibility is that visual information from successive eye fixations is fused in memory according to environmental or spatiotopic coordinates. Evidence supporting this hypothesis was provided by Davidson, Fox, and Dick (1973). They presented a letter array in one fixation and a mask at one letter position in a subsequent fixation and found that the mask inhibited report of the letter that shared its retinal coordinates but appeared to occupy the same position as the letter that shared its spatial coordinates. This suggests the existence of a retinotopic visual persistence at which transsaccadic masking occurs and a spatiotopic visual persistence at which transsaccadic integration, or fusion, occurs. Using a similar procedure, we found retinotopic masking and retinotopic integration: The mask interfered with the letter that shared its retinal coordinates, but also appeared to cover that letter. In another experiment, instead of a mask we presented a bar marker over one letter position, and subjects reported the letter that appeared underneath the bar; subjects usually reported the letter with the same retinal coordinates as the bar, again suggesting retinotopic rather than spatiotopic integration across saccades. In Experiment 3 a bar marker was again presented over one letter position, but in addition a visual landmark was presented after the saccade so that subjects could localize the bar's spatial position; subjects still reported that the letter that shared the bar's retinal coordinates appeared to be under it, but they were also able to accurately specify the bar's spatial position. This ability could have been based on retinal information (the visual landmark) present in the second fixation only, however, rather than spatiotopic visual persistence. Because such a visual landmark was present in the Davidson et al. (1973) experiments, we conclude that their findings can be explained solely in retinotopic terms and provide no convincing evidence for spatiotopic visual persistence. But the exposure parameters that Davidson et al. (1973) and we used were biased in favor of retinotopic, rather than spatiotopic, coding: The stimuli were presented very briefly just before a saccadic eye movement, and subjects are poor at spatially localizing stimuli under these conditions. Thus, in Experiment 4 we presented the letter array about 200 ms before the saccade; then, subjects reported that the letter with the same spatial coordinates as the bar appeared under it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Visual masking and visual integration across saccadic eye movements. 297 63

Four strains of mice were immunized with 6 different conjugates of 3-O (carboxymethyl-oximino)-18-hydroxycortisol to bovine serum albumin (3 preparations), turkey serum albumin, porcine thyroglobulin, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Spleens from 7 of 48 mice immunized were fused with Fox/NY and/or HL-1 Friendly myeloma cell lines, yielding many positive clones for antibody formation. Short cross-reactivities were done in 293 culture supernatants and were found to have low cross-reactivity (less than 0.001%) to cortisol, but very high cross-reactivity to 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycortisol (70 to 140%). One clone showed over 100% cross-reactivity with all the 18-hydroxylated steroids studied. The major problem encountered in the generation of monoclonal antibodies was the low antibody response in the vast majority of mice injected. Half the mice developed no measurable titer, and the clones evaluated from those that did produce antibodies cross-reacted with other 18-hydroxylated steroids. Nevertheless, the antibody developed could serve in radioimmunoassay for 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycortisol separated chromatographically from other cross-reacting steroids. This is important as no synthetic 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycortisol is available.
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PMID:The production of a monoclonal antibody to 18-hydroxycortisol and other 18-hydroxylated steroids. 345 46

Polyodontia was observed in forty-seven (13 per cent) out of 373 dogs studied. These forty-seven dogs with polyodontia included sixteen Boxers. The supernumerary tooth was situated in the proximity of the first premolar in the maxilla in thirty-two dogs. The following abnormal forms were observed among the teeth of the dogs: dichotomy of an incisor in a Fox Terrier and a Great Dane, a pair of geminate teeth at the site of the first mandibular premolar in a Rottweiler and a fused premolar near the first maxillary premolar in a Boxer. The possible pathogenesis of polyodontia and abnormal tooth forms is discussed.
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PMID:[Polyodontia and abnormal forms of teeth in dogs (author's transl)]. 711 22

Expression of fusion proteins such as MBP fusions can be used as a way to improve the solubility of the expressed protein in E. coli (Fox and Waugh, 2003; Nallamsetty et al., 2005; Nallamsetty and Waugh, 2006) and as a way to introduce an affinity purification tag. The protocol that follows was designed by the authors as a first step in the purification of a recombinant protein fused with MBP, using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Cells should have been thawed, resuspended in binding buffer, and lysed by sonication or microfluidization before mixing with the amylose resin or loading on the column. Slight modifications to this protocol may be made to accommodate both the protein of interest and the availability of equipment.
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PMID:Affinity Purification of a Recombinant Protein Expressed as a Fusion with the Maltose-Binding Protein (MBP) Tag. 2609