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Query: UMLS:C0016632 (Fox)
 1,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of breast cancer increases with age, but women's participation in breast screening decreases with age. National and regional surveys indicate a number of barriers. Women over age 65 are more likely to say they have never heard of mammograms, that they did not know they needed them, and that their doctors did not recommend them. In a study conducted at Fox Chase Cancer Center, in Philadelphia, participation in an HMO-sponsored breast screening program appeared to reverse the usual age-related decrease in mammography. If mammography utilization is to increase in women over age 65, physicians must offer unambiguous referrals to older women. In addition, health education interventions are needed to improve knowledge and beliefs of older women and their physicians. And, finally, strategies also are needed to enhance access. With the advent of Medicare coverage, payment will be less of a barrier. But other barriers remain.
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PMID:Older women's participation in breast screening. 143 Aug 90

In total, 1,186 second instar Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis Fox second instars were fed on a pig when it had a viremia of 10(5.2) hemadsorption units (HAd50/ml) and 420 second-instar O. puertoricensis were fed on an uninfected pig. Subsequent blood meals for ticks in both groups were from uninfected pigs. The effects of African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection on O. puertoricensis populations were evaluated for the following parameters: mortality; mean time to death; percentage molted per instar; percentage molted to male, female, or subsequent instar; effects on duration of premolt period; and the number of blood meals per instar. The cumulative virus-induced mortality rate for all immature stages (second to fifth instar) of O. puertoricensis that had been fed as second instars on a pig infected with ASFV was 43.2%. In contrast, 23.1% mortality was observed among ticks fed on uninfected pigs. The mortality rate among third instars that fed on the viremic pig was 55.3% versus 4.8% among nymphs fed on normal pigs. One-third to more than one-half of all third, fourth, and fifth instars required at least two blood meals to molt. Mean premolt periods for second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instars fed on uninfected pigs were approximately 12, 15, 32, 22, and 14 d, respectively. Mean weights for unfed second to fifth instars, males, and females were: 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 1.7, 1.5, and 3.1 mg per tick, respectively.
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PMID:African swine fever virus infection in the soft tick, Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis (Acari: Argasidae). 146 Jun 41

Previous work on the developmental aspects of neurobehavioural toxicity in rats and mice has shown the reliability of a variety of procedures aimed at assessing changes that may have widespread functional consequences, for example: (i) modified Fox batteries to study the maturation of various reflexes and responses after birth, (ii) activity/habituation and analgesia tests with age-specific profiles of reactivity to selected drug challenges, and (iii) simple learning tasks such as active and passive avoidance [1]. We will now summarize more recent work on other portions of the behavioural repertoire which deserve to be thoroughly assessed in "higher-tier" studies.
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PMID:Developmental aspects of neurobehavioural toxicity. 147 Nov 79

We report a 66-year-old woman with a 3-year history of intensely pruritic follicular papules in the axillar, pubic and inguinal areas. Previous treatment with topical fusidic acid and gentamicin sulfate was ineffective. The clinical and histological examination was consistent with Fox-Fordyce disease. Application of clindamycin in an alcoholic propylene glycol solution led to the clearing of the lesions within 1 month. Nine months later, the treatment was stopped, and no recurrence was observed.
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PMID:Fox-Fordyce disease: successful treatment with topical clindamycin in alcoholic propylene glycol solution. 149 6

The motion aftereffect (MAE) lasts longer when the test period does not immediately follow adaptation, a phenomenon called storage. Does storage of the MAE occur if the test target is present but rendered phenomenally invisible owing to the presence of a rival target presented to the other eye during the storage period? Our experiment addressed this question. Following adaptation to a drifting grating, an intervening period preceded testing with a stationary grating. During this period, the adapted eye either viewed the test target immediately or was occluded, and the unadapted eye either viewed a high-contrast rival target or was occluded. Thus four conditions were employed. The duration of the residual MAE was found to be longer for the rivalry condition (grating and rival target viewed) than for the normal MAE condition (grating viewed), and comparable to that in the stored MAE condition (both eyes occluded). Thus, the MAE is stored when the test target is rendered invisible due to binocular rivalry, indicating that a suppressed target is ineffective at promoting decay of the MAE. So while suppression does not prevent information about the adapting grating from reaching the site of generation of the MAE (Lehmkuhle & Fox, 1975), it can prevent information about the test target from reaching the site of the stored MAE. Current models attribute the MAE to reduced responsiveness of direction-selective cortical neurons (Sutherland, 1961; Barlow & Hill, 1963). Thus, storage should reflect a differential return of these adapted cells to preadapted response levels, dependent on postadaptation stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Binocular rivalry suppression disrupts recovery from motion adaptation. 150 23

As a component of treatment planning for thoracic irradiation (RT), 210 bronchogenic carcinoma patients seen at the Fox Chase Cancer Center from 1983 to 1990 underwent quantitative perfusion scans, superimposition of their RT treatment fields onto these scans, and pulmonary function testing. These studies were used to prospectively estimate the influence of the planned thoracic irradiation on pulmonary function, as measured by the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Among the 156 patients with unresected lesions, the mean pre-RT FEV1 was 1.71 +/- 0.67 liters (+/- standard deviation), and the mean percentage of total lung perfusion within the treatment field was 31.0 +/- 12.1%. Mean values for the 54 patients treated post-operatively were 1.79 liters (pre-RT FEV1) and 28.8% (% perfusion within RT field). Using this technique, the prospectively predicted post-RT FEV1 is the product of the pre-RT FEV1 (1% of total lung perfusion within the treatment field). The mean predicted post-treatment FEV1 for the nonoperative patients was 1.15 +/- 0.43 liters and 1.25 +/- 0.41 liters for the postoperative patients. Forty-three nonoperative and 19 postoperative patients had FEV1 determinations following RT, at a mean post-RT interval of 11 months for nonoperative patients and 23 months for post-operative patients. Among nonoperative patients, 53% had no change in post-RT FEV1, 19% improved, while 22% had readings declining toward the predicted value. Only 5% had readings below predicted. Among postoperative patients, 37% had no change or improvement, 37% declined toward the predicted, 10% declined to predicted, and 11% had values worse than predicted. This technique of superimposing RT fields onto lung perfusion scans predicts for a degree of pulmonary impairment which is observed in only a minority of patients (10%) and which is rarely exceeded (6%).
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PMID:Observations on the predictive value of perfusion lung scans on post-irradiation pulmonary function among 210 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. 836 41

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can establish a persistent and latent infection in CD4+ T lymphocytes (W. C. Greene, N. Engl. J. Med. 324:308-317, 1991; S. M. Schnittman, M. C. Psallidopoulos, H. C. Lane, L. Thompson, M. Baseler, F. Massari, C. H. Fox, N. P. Salzman, and A. S. Fauci, Science 245:305-308, 1989). Production of HIV-1 from latently infected cells requires host cell activation by T-cell mitogens (T. Folks, D. M. Powell, M. M. Lightfoote, S. Benn, M. A. Martin, and A. S. Fauci, Science 231:600-602, 1986; D. Zagury, J. Bernard, R. Leonard, R. Cheynier, M. Feldman, P. S. Sarin, and R. C. Gallo, Science 231:850-853, 1986). This activation is mediated by the host transcription factor NF-kappa B [G. Nabel and D. Baltimore, Nature (London) 326:711-717, 1987]. We report here that the HIV-1-encoded Nef protein inhibits the induction of NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity by T-cell mitogens. However, Nef does not affect the DNA-binding activity of other transcription factors implicated in HIV-1 regulation, including SP-1, USF, URS, and NF-AT. Additionally, Nef inhibits the induction of HIV-1- and interleukin 2-directed gene expression, and the effect on HIV-1 transcription depends on an intact NF-kappa B-binding site. These results indicate that defective recruitment of NF-kappa B may underlie Nef's negative transcriptional effects on the HIV-1 and interleukin 2 promoters. Further evidence suggests that Nef inhibits NF-kappa B induction by interfering with a signal derived from the T-cell receptor complex.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein inhibits NF-kappa B induction in human T cells. 152 59

Two weeks of regular prime-time programming on four major networks (ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC) was monitored for scenes in which guns were either used or displayed. Guns were seen most often on CBS, Saturdays and Sundays, and later in the evenings. Middle-aged, white males were depicted as gun users in better than 75% of the scenes. Most scenes involved pistols. Most often the person who used the gun suffered no repercussions. When a victim was depicted as being shot, seldom was the pain of the victim, the victim's family, or friends demonstrated.
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PMID:The depiction of guns on prime time television. 154 57

Distributed computing can be applied to CT or MRI scanner image acquisition, printing, and archiving by interfacing the scanner with a computer network. Also on the network must be a computer workstation that has image management software to capture the images sent over the network by the scanner. This software must also allow the radiology staff to print and archive the images. Several benefits are realized by this network configuration. First, the scanner console is solely used for scanning patients; delays are not encountered because the console is being used for printing and archiving images. Also, the workstation printing software can be developed so that useful features not available at the scanner console can be incorporated. Finally, sophisticated archiving strategies can be implemented at the workstation. We have developed a network image management station at the Fox Chase Cancer Center using a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) workstation. Hardware and software is utilized to convert all scanner image data to the American College of Radiology-National Electrical Manufacturers Association format. All workstation software is developed using the open X-Windows standard. Digital audio tape is used for image archiving.
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PMID:A network scanner image management station. 155 61

The conformations of MgATP bound to a nucleotidyl transfer enzyme, methionyl tRNA synthetase and a phosphoryl transfer enzyme, pyruvate kinase, were studied by transferred NOE (TRNOE) measurements in 1H NMR. The experiments were performed on D2O solutions at 276 MHz and 300 MHz, and 10 degrees C in the presence of approximately a tenfold excess of substrate over the enzyme (sites). Selective inversion of chosen resonances was accomplished with an appropriately tailored DANTE sequence consisting of 100 phase-alternating hard 1.8 degree pulses. NOE measurements were made in terms of difference spectra (with and without inversion) at 6-8 delay times ranging from 10-500 ms following the DANTE sequence. A full complement of ten NOE build-up curves obtained for each enzyme complex was analyzed by using the complete relaxation-matrix method (which includes all the non-exchangeable protons in MgATP) suitably modified to include exchange between bound and free substrate. Molecular mechanics computations were used to examine the energetic implications of the NOE-determined structure. The final structures obtained for MgATP bound to the two enzymes were very similar to each other, with a 3'-endo sugar pucker and an anti conformation with a glycosidic torsional angle (O'4-C'1-N9-C8) of 39 degrees +/- 4 degrees. Both enzymes contain multiple binding sites for MgATP and hence the structure obtained in each case represents an average due to chemical exchange. However, TRNOE experiments performed on a tryptic fragment of methionyl tRNA synthetase which has a single MgATP binding site, show that the same structure fits these measurements as well. This evidence, coupled with the striking similarity of the structures deduced, for the two enzyme complexes, and the reciprocal sixth-power dependence of NOE on interproton distance, strongly suggests that the conformations at the individual binding sites of both the enzymes are virtually identical. This conclusion is in contrast with multiple conformations of MgATP bound to pyruvate kinase, proposed by Rosevear, P.R., Fox, T.L. & Mildvan, A.S. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 3487-3493.
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PMID:Conformation of MgATP bound to nucleotidyl and phosphoryl transfer enzymes 1H-transferred NOE measurements on complexes of methionyl tRNA synthetase and pyruvate kinase. 155 4


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