Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The photoautotrophic cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans was used to investigate the membrane transport of branched-chain, neutral amino acids and its dependence on photosynthetic reactions. The uptake of alpha-amino [1-14C]isobutyric acid and L-[1-14C]leucine followed Michaelis, Menten kinetics and resulted in an energy-dependent accumulation. As in bacteria, different uptake systems for neutral amino acids were present: two DAG (D-alanine, aminoisobutyric acid, and glycine) systems responsible for uptake of alpha-amino [1-14C]isobutyric acid, and one LIV (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) system, responsible for uptake of leucine. The low-affinity DAG system seemed to be dependent on the presence of Na+ ions. Uptake was enhanced by white light and by monochromatic light of 630 nm. In far red light (717 nm) with and without nitrogen flushing, considerable uptake dependent on light intensity and inhibition by dibromothymoquinone and by high concentrations of KCN were observed. Therefore, the energy generated by photosystem I reactions only could perform this membrane transport. The proton translocator carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as an ATPase inhibitor reduced amino acid uptake to a high degree. A pH dependence of aminoisobutyric acid and leucine uptake was obvious, with a maximum at pH 6 to 7 and some at a pH as high as 9.5. At higher pH, increasing concentrations of Na+ K+ and also of triphenylmethylphosphonium ions inhibited the transport of aminoisobutyric acid. These findings are consistent with the assumption that ATP from photosynthetic reactions drives a membrane-bound proton-translocating ATPase producing a proton motive force, consisting at higher pH chiefly in a delta psi amount, which promotes a secondary active H+ or Na+/amino acid symport carrier.
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PMID:Amino acid uptake and energy coupling dependent on photosynthesis in Anacystis nidulans. 680 40

We examined effects of nutrient availability and changing root zone temperature (RZT) on growth, gas exchange and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (PM-ATPase) activity of roots of 1-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings during spring flushing. The 6-week growth-chamber experiment was carried out in hydroponic cultures that supplied the seedlings with low (0.5 mM N) or high (3 mM N) nutrient concentration and two rates of increase in RZT were simulated: slow warming (SW-treatment) and fast warming (FW-treatment). Air temperature, humidity, and light conditions were similar in all treatments. Growth of roots and shoots was retarded at low RZT, and fresh mass increment of roots was closely correlated with RZT sum. High nutrient availability increased nitrogen concentrations of needles and stems, but only at RZTs >13 degrees C. Low RZT and low availability of nutrients suppressed gas exchange of the seedlings. Real PM-ATPase activity was highly dependent on RZT. At high RZTs, real PM-ATPase activity was affected by nutrient availability but this effect was related to root growth. We conclude that, under conditions of high nutrient availability, Scots pine seedlings can compensate for the suppressive effects of long-term exposure to low RZT by rapidly accelerating growth, gas exchange and root metabolism, but only when RZT has increased above a threshold value, which was 13 degrees C in this study.
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PMID:Responses of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings grown in different nutrient regimes to changing root zone temperature in spring. 1265 7

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs but it is still largely unknown which host-pathogen interactions enable persistent infection and cause disease. In this study, we analyzed the host and bacterial transcriptomes during infection using RNA sequencing. Comparison of the transcriptome of lung lesion tissue from infected pigs with lung tissue from non-infected animals, identified 424 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 1.5LOG2). These genes were part of the following major pathways of the immune system: interleukin signaling (type 4, 10, 13, and 18), regulation of Toll-like receptors by endogenous ligand and activation of C3 and C5 in the complement system. Besides analyzing the lung transcriptome, a sampling protocol was developed to obtain enough bacterial mRNA from infected lung tissue for RNA sequencing. This was done by flushing infected lobes in the lung, and subsequently enriching for bacterial RNA. On average, 2.2 million bacterial reads were obtained per biological replicate to analyze the bacterial in vivo transcriptome. We compared the in vivo bacterial transcriptome with the transcriptome of bacteria grown in vitro and identified 22 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated genes (FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 2LOG2). Six out of seven genes in the operon encoding the mycoplasma specific F1-like ATPase (MHP_RS02445-MHP_RS02475) and all genes in the operon MHP_RS01965-MHP_RS01990 with functions related to nucleotide metabolism, spermidine transport and glycerol-3-phoshate transport were up-regulated in vivo. Down-regulated in vivo were genes related to glycerol uptake, cilium adhesion (P102), cell division and myo-inositol metabolism. In addition to providing a novel method to isolate bacterial mRNA from infected lung, this study provided insights into changes in gene expression during infection, which could help development of novel treatment strategies against enzootic pneumonia caused by M. hyopneumoniae.
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PMID:Combined Transcriptome Sequencing of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Infected Pig Lung Tissue Reveals Up-Regulation of Bacterial F1-Like ATPase and Down-Regulation of the P102 Cilium Adhesin in vivo. 3276 73