Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antidotal benefit of oximes against organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterase intoxication is thought to be due to reactivation of the OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This study was conducted to determine whether the antidotal efficacy against soman by the oximes 2-hydroxyiminomethyl-3-methyl-1-[2-(3-methyl-3-nitrobutyl oxymethyl)]-imidazolium Cl (ICD 467) and 1,1'-methylenebis[4-(hydroxyiminomethyl) pyridinium] di-Cl (MMB-4) resulted, in part, from reactivation of the inhibited AChE. These oximes were tested in parallel with pralidoxime Cl (2-PAM) and 1-(2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridinio-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridinio+ ++)-2-oxapropane di-Cl (HI-6). Rabbits were atropinized (8 mg/kg, i.m.) and intoxicated with soman (13 micrograms/kg, i.v.; 1.2 x LD50) 5 min later. Three minutes after soman, animals were treated with oxime (50, 100 or 150 mumol/kg, i.m.). Whole blood was collected from a catheter in the central artery of the ear just before soman, at 2 min after soman and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after oxime or vehicle for determination of AChE activity. Shortly thereafter, animals were anesthetized and exsanguinated with immediate flushing using heparinized saline. AChE activity was also determined on the cortex, medulla-pons and diaphragm to assess central and peripheral reactivation. Treatment with HI-6 or MMB-4 (50 mumol/kg, i.m.) resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) reactivation of soman-inhibited whole blood AChE and diaphragm cholinesterase (ChE), but not brain AChE. In contrast, 2-PAM was completely ineffective in reactivating soman-inhibited AChE. HI-6 was significantly better than MMB-4 in reactivating blood AChE; they were essentially equal against soman-inhibited diaphragm ChE. Three animals exposed to soman and treated with ICD 467 died within 15 min. When animals not exposed to soman were treated with ICD 467 (25 mumol/kg, i.m.), whole blood AChE activity was depressed by 60% within 5-10 min after treatment. Furthermore, ICD 467 failed to reactivate significantly unaged soman-inhibited erythrocyte AChE, in vitro. These observations indicate that ICD 467 would be contraindicated as a therapy for anti-ChE intoxication and that the efficacy of HI-6 or MMB-4 can be explained, in part, by reactivation of soman-inhibited AChE.
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PMID:Evaluation of several oximes as reactivators of unaged soman-inhibited whole blood acetylcholinesterase in rabbits. 226 Sep 91

Secondary side-effects often occur in women undergoing hormonal stimulation treatment with clomiphene citrate. In general 10.4% of women experience hot flushing, 5.5% have complaints caused by enlargement of the ovaries and 3.5% experience central nervous symptoms (nervousness, sleeplessness, headaches, visual disturbances, vertigo). During ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate for in-vitro fertilization, a 32 year old patient developed psychotic symptoms, commencing 3 days after initiation of treatment. Hospitalization in the psychiatric ward became necessary when severe formal and rational thought disturbances arose together with perceptory and sensory delusions. Under neuroleptic treatment the symptoms improved. Nevertheless, follow-up psychiatric care on an outpatient basis was deemed necessary. The infertility treatment was continued with human menopausal gonadotrophin stimulation. Psychiatric instability occurred neither at this point nor during the 2 year follow-up observation period. Both an exogenous psychosis (ICD F23.9) as well as the exacerbation of an endogenous psychosis (ICD F29) may be considered for the differential diagnosis. The stimulation with clomiphene citrate in connection with the physical and psychic stress of the infertility therapy can be regarded as the trigger factor. For patients with evidence of psychiatric illness in their case history, ovulation-inducing substances such as clomiphene citrate should be implemented with particular care.
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PMID:Clomiphene citrate as a possible cause of a psychotic reaction during infertility treatment. 915 29

Several possible risk factors for ICD-10 alcohol dependence were studied by comparing cases (117 men, 188 women) with controls (248 men, 300 women). Logistic regression analyses showed that parental alcohol problems and high trait anxiety were significantly related to high occurrence of alcohol dependence in both men and women. In women, high antisocial behaviour, high impulsivity, and high externality were also related to high occurrence of alcohol dependence. High facial flushing and high stimulation when intoxicated were related to low occurrence of alcohol dependence in both men and women. In men, this was also the case for high social support. Several interactions were observed. In contrast to earlier studies, there was no significant association between alcohol dependence and left-handedness.
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PMID:Risk factors for alcohol dependence: a case-control study. 1078 96

The condition corresponding to social phobia, named taijin-kyofu (taijin: in relation to people, kyofu: phobia), has been widely known since the early 1930s in Japan. As there had been few reports on social phobia in Western countries until DSM-III was introduced in 1980, taijin-kyofu had long been considered as a unique condition existing only in Japan. After DSM-III, it was realized that taijin-kyofu included two types of social phobia (SP). The first one meets the diagnostic criteria for social phobia described in DSM-IV and ICD-10 (type 1 SP). On the other hand, the clinical manifestations of the second type of social phobia (type II SP) are not covered by the same criteria. Mori et al. reported that out of 152 patients with SP, 92 were classified as type I and 60 as type II cases. In 1977, I published a small book on taijin-kyofu dealing with 100 subjects, most of whom belonged to type II SP. Reviewing the complaints of type II SP patients, we can point out 4 characteristics; 1. Firm belief in the existence of serious shortcomings (such as flushing, bodily odors). 2. Its existence is intuitively perceived by patients from the behavior, actions and gestures of other people around them. 3. These defects make others to feel unpleasant and therefore must be corrected or removed. 4. No other symptoms appear in the long follow-up period of time. Predominant targets of their phobias are as follows, flushing in 22, eye contact in 15, showing one's odd attitude in 18, body dysmorphia in 5, bodily odors in 28, multiple fears in 3 and anxiety about others' attitude in 9 cases. Out of 100 subjects, 76 were male and 24 were female. Their sufferings started often in the low teens, most frequently in the high teens, and next in the early 20s and much less afterwards. Although avoidant personality disorder is often comorbid with SP, character traits in childhood of more than half of them were active and only 13 cases were timid and introverted. Most of them were brought up in ordinary homes. Morita-oriented psychotherapy combined with anxiolytic drugs was carried out. The outcome after the average of 10.6 times interview sessions showed complete or almost complete recovery in 27 cases, considerable improvement in 55 and no apparent changes in 18 cases. It has been argued that socio-cultural tradition in Japan where more value is placed on thoughtfulness for others than on self-assertion, more on emotional intimacy than on logical explanation, more on human trust than on laws can be one factor for the development of type II SP. But Lee of Korea reported that 119 out of 315 SP cases presented type II features. It is expected that similar condition is found in countries other than Japan and Korea. In 1993, I published the English edition of my old Japanese book. In its preface, I wrote; My purpose for providing an English translation of this book is to pose a simple question to psychiatrists and clinical psychologists outside of Japan, "Do you see these kinds of patients in your country or not?".
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PMID:[Social phobia: east and west]. 1248 41

A 69-year-old woman with a medical history of stroke and an ICD device due to torsade de pointes was admitted with a right basal ganglia haemorrhage. In the hours after admission the patient's condition severely declined and she developed fever, hypertension and flushing consistent with autonomic dysfunction with sympathetic storming. ICD interrogation revealed electrical storm with 138 appropriate shocks delivered at the night of admission. We wish to draw attention to the close link between brain and heart, which in predisposed patients with a new stroke can cause malignant arrhythmias.
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PMID:[Severe dysautonomy as a result of intra-cranial bleeding can cause an electrical storm with auricular fibrillation]. 2669 35