Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelet activating factor (PAF, 1-alkyl-2(R)-acetyl-glycero-3- phosphorylcholine) is a phospholipid that is released by a variety of cells. The similarity between the pathophysiological effects of PAF and posttransplant pulmonary dysfunction led to an evaluation of a PAF antagonist as an adjunct to lung preservation. The ginkgolide B, BN 52021, was selected as the PAF antagonist to be studied because of the large data base available on this compound. BN 52021 was given to the donor and recipient (10 mg/kg i.v.) prior to harvest and transplantation and was included in 1 L of preservation solution (10 mg/kg) used for flushing the pulmonary artery and for storage. Left single-lung transplantation was performed following a 22-hr preservation period at 10 degrees C. Arterial oxygen tension (pO2), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), alveolar arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2), and dynamic lung compliance (DLC) were recorded for 6 hours following ligation of the native pulmonary artery. At the end of 6 hr pO2 was 243.5 +/- 61.5 vs. 71.7 +/- 10.2 mmHg (P less than 0.02) for the controls. A-aDO2 was less in the BN 52021 groups: 431.8 +/- 58.3 vs. 606.0 +/- 9.8 mmHg in the control groups (P less than 0.001), and PVR was significantly less in the BN 52021 group: 346 +/- 70.8 vs. 663 +/- 64.3 dynes/sec/cm-5 (P less than 0.035). We conclude that PAF antagonists like BN 52021 may be useful adjuncts for lung preservation. The effects of BN 52021 are easily explained by PAF antagonist activity in ischemic and reperfusion-induced pulmonary dysfunction. However this study does not exclude that BN 52021 may have direct effects.
 ...
PMID:Long-term lung preservation with the PAF antagonist BN 52021. 204 90

We have identified PAF in the blister fluid from a patient with bullous mastocytosis, a rare form of mast-cell disease. We have found a novel endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation which obscured the presence of the PAF in unprocessed blister fluid and in ethanol or lipid extracts. The PAF was characterized by the demonstration of chromatographic, mass spectral and biological properties identical to those of authentic PAF. Thus this is the first demonstration of PAF in biological fluid from a patient with mastocytosis. High levels of immunoreactive prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and histamine were also present in the blister fluid. The interaction between PAF and the inhibitor of platelet aggregation in patients with systemic mastocytosis may provide an explanation for some of the manifestations of the disease, in particular the episodic hypotension, cutaneous flushing and pallor.
 ...
PMID:Occurrence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and an endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation in diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis. 280 9

Effect of cetirizine, a potent and specific H1 receptor antagonist, was examined on platelet activating factor-induced bronchoconstriction in 10 patients (5 male, mean [s.e.m.] aged 37.4 [3.6] years) with mild asthma in a placebo controlled, double-blind cross-over study. Airway responses were assessed by measuring specific airway conductance (SGaw). Patients were challenged with a single dose (12-96 micrograms) of PAF that had previously produced a 35% fall in SGaw. PAF challenges were performed after single dose (15 mg) and 1 week's treatment (15 mg twice daily) of cetirizine. There was no significant difference in pre- and post-treatment baseline values of SGaw on different study days and the percentage changes after cetirizine were 38.7 (7.01) and 45.6 (5.52) compared to 50.2 (2.89) and 43.9 (7.26) with placebo respectively. Similarly mean (s.e.m.) area under curve (AUC-SGaw/time course response) was 391 (143) and 514 (85) with cetirizine compared to 565 (37) and 461 (94) with placebo respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in facial flushing and feeling of warmth between cetirizine and placebo. We conclude that PAF induced bronchoconstriction in humans is not mediated by histamine release and that H1 receptor antagonists do not modify PAF induced bronchoconstriction.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cetirizine, a potent H1 antagonist, on platelet activating factor induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. 810 3

Lab-scale tests were set up to investigate different options for achieving sustainability by reducing long-term landfill emissions. The options which have been studied and compared with the traditional anaerobic landfill for unprocessed refuse were: mechanical-biological pretreatment, landfill aeration with forced and with natural advective air flow (semi-aerobic), flushing. Combination of different options have been experimented. The combination of mechanical-biological Pretreatment, Aeration by the semi-aerobic method and Flushing (PAF model) seems to synergize the advantages of the individual options. The research is ongoing and further studies are necessary in order to assess the full-scale applicability of the model.
 ...
PMID:The PAF model: an integrated approach for landfill sustainability. 1262