Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Differences in the pharmacokinetics of alcohol absorption and elimination are, in part, genetically determined. There are polymorphic variants of the two main enzymes responsible for ethanol oxidation in liver, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The frequency of occurrence of these variants, which have been shown to display strikingly different catalytic properties, differs among different racial populations. Since the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in liver is a rate-limiting factor for ethanol metabolism in experimental animals, it is likely that the type and content of the polymorphic isoenzyme subunit encoded at ADH2, beta-subunit, and at ADH3, the gamma-subunit, are contributing factors to the genetic variability in ethanol elimination rate. The recent development of methods for genotyping individuals at these loci using white cell DNA will allow us to test this hypothesis as well as any relationship between ADH genotype and the susceptibility to alcoholism or alcohol-related pathology. A polymorphic variant of human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, ADLH2, which has little or no acetaldehyde oxidizing activity has been identified. Individuals with the deficient ALDH2 phenotype do not have altered ethanol elimination rates but they do exhibit high blood acetaldehyde levels and dysphoric symptoms such as facial flushing, nausea and tachycardia, after drinking alcohol. Because acetaldehyde is so reactive, it binds to free amino groups of proteins including a 37 kilodalton hepatic protein-acetaldehyde adduct and may elicit an antibody response. We would predict that individuals who have low ALDH2 activity because of liver disease or because they have the inactive ALDH2 variant isoenzyme might form more protein-acetaldehyde adducts and elicit a greater immune response. These adducts may represent good biological markers of alcohol abuse and may also play a role in liver injury due to chronic alcohol consumption.
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PMID:Genetic polymorphism of enzymes of alcohol metabolism and susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease. 306 25

From September 1993 through March 1994, 30 cases of refractory carcinoma of the ovary and Fallopian tube were treated with Taxol. Complete response was seen in 4 and partial response in 8 cases with a response rate of 40%. The average length of remission was 5 months in CR and 3.9 months in PR. The major toxic side effect was decrease in total white cell count and in neutrophil count. Apart from flushing of face during Taxol infusion in 6 patients, no other allergic reaction was observed. Gastrointestinal, neurologic, liver and renal toxicities were mild. Taxol is a drug of choice in the treatment of patients with cancer of the ovary and Fallopian tube who are resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
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PMID:[A clinical report of refractory carcinoma of ovary and fallopian tube treated with taxol]. 765 6

Inhaled platelet-activating factor (PAF) provokes considerable pulmonary gas exchange disturbances in normal man and in patients with mild asthma, similar to those observed in acute severe asthma. To further examine the mechanisms involved in PAF-induced ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch, eight healthy, non-atopic, nonsmoking subjects were studied after administration of PAF aerosol (24 micrograms). They had been previously treated with inhaled salbutamol (300 micrograms) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled design. After placebo, PAF provoked a fall in total arterial white cell count with a rebound leukocytosis. As shown in a previous study, an overall index of VA/Q inequality (DISP R-E*, 1.64 +/- 0.10) showed a threefold increase (P < 0.006) that accounted for the increase (79%) in AaPO2 (p < 0.04) after PAF, while the respiratory system resistance (Rrs) rose by 16% (p < 0.02). In contrast, after pretreatment with salbutamol inhaled PAF had no effects on pulmonary gas exchange, Rrs, or white cell count; facial flushing and cough were also hindered. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that salbutamol inhibits PAF-induced venoconstriction in both the airway and pulmonary microcirculation.
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PMID:Salbutamol inhibits pulmonary effects of platelet activating factor in man. 776 15

Two experiments were carried out to describe the effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin on some aspects of nonspecific uterine defense mechanisms in healthy cyclic cows (Experiment 1) and in cows with induced endometritis by experimental infection with Streptococcus agalactiae (Experiment 2). In Experiments 1 and 2, the mean log(e) total white cell counts (>95% neutrophils) in the uterine flushing fluid of the endotoxin-treated group were significantly increased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Streptococcus agalactiae was detected by the Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) in 47% of the samples from uteri experimentally infected with this organism; 12.5% were positive on culture, and only 10% were positive on both tests. With one exception, all the samples with a positive culture were positive to the LAT, but not all samples submitted to the LAT had positive culture. There was a significant (P<0.05) association between endotoxin treatment and the presence of infection detected by the LAT but not with that detected by culture (P>0.05) at 3 to 12 days post infection. Similar results were found at 8 to 16 days post infection. The infection disappeared from the endotoxin-treated group but not from the non-treated group 12 days after the induction of infection. It is concluded that intrauterine E. coli endotoxin infusion might provide an alternative treatment for those cows with endometritis that is refractory to conventional antimicrobial and hormonal therapy. It is also concluded that the LAT is an easier, quicker and more reliable method than bacterial culture for the detection of endometritis caused by Strep. agalactiae , and, possibly, such immunodiagnostic tests may be useful for the detection of other uterine infections.
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PMID:Effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin in normal cows and in cows with endometritis induced by experimental infection with Streptococcus agalactiae. 1672 80

Allergic reactions related to blood transfusion frequently occur and most of them are mild reactions such as urticaria, erythema, pruritus and flushing. More severe and life threatening allergic reactions such as anaphylactic shock rarely occur. Application of white cell reduction filters during transfusions may prevent alloimmunization, febrile nonhemolytic reactions and transmission of intracellular infectious agents. Despite their beneficial effects, white-cell reduction filters may cause allergic reactions. In this article we present three patients who had anaphylactic reactions during blood transfusion with positively charged leucocyte filters.
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PMID:Anaphylaxis related with positively charged white-cell reduction filters. 2446 54