Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The amounts of halothane and isoflurane trapped after exposure for up to 3 h at 2 MAC in commonly used anaesthesia circuit tubing were quantitated by gas chromatography. The decontaminating effects of procedures such as flushing with oxygen, thermal disinfection and/or routine storage were assessed in a similar way. After halothane exposure, anaesthetic content was highest in silicone (398 +/- 55 mg 100 g-1). Lower quantities were found in all other tubings investigated (electrically conductive latex: 64 +/- 4, conductive rubber: 62 +/- 4, polyethylene-vinyl-acetate (PEVA): 293 +/- 10 and 149 +/- 17 for non-conductive corrugated and spiral tubes, respectively, polysulfone (Hytrel): 155 +/- 10 mg 100 g-1). The isoflurane contents were substantially lower (silicone: 278 +/- 23; others: 55 +/- 7, 61 +/- 6, 163 +/- 9 and 86 +/- 8, 74 +/- 4 mg 100 g-1). The tubings' content did not correlate with the material's partition coefficient as full saturation was not achieved during exposure. Decontamination procedures reduced the content of volatile anaesthetics to a variable extent. Conductive latex and rubber showed the highest residual content, even after thermal disinfection and subsequent storage. Twenty-minute flushing with oxygen (8 l min-1) decreased effluent gas concentrations below 5 p.p.m. in all tubings. With silicone, after 1 h flushing, halothane concentrations still exceeded 10 p.p.m. (isoflurane: 8 p.p.m.). It is concluded that urgent decontamination by a 20-min flush warrants the safe re-use of previously 'contaminated' conductive rubber and latex as well as polysulfone tubings in critical situations, e.g. in malignant hyperthermia patients if disposable tubing is not immediately available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anaesthetic uptake and washout characteristics of patient circuit tubing with special regard to current decontamination techniques. 144 61

Some data on the synthesis and characterization of poly(HEMA-MAC) and its applications for fertility control are presented. This new technique involves the use of the polymer, which when injected into the vas deferens lowers the pH sufficiently so as to kill the spermatozoa passing through. The polymer provides an acidic environment for a prolonged time and slowly erodes. The fertility may be restored after complete solubility of the polymer itself over a period of time or by flushing it with a suitable solvent. It is a nonsurgical, nonocclusive, and reversible method of male contraception. In regard to the experimental procedure, copolymerization of HEMA with MAC (35% by weight) in methanol was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere in glass ampules. Irradiation was performed in a cobalt-60 radiation chamber. All the samples were irradiated at a dose rate of 130 rad/s for a total dose of 0.936 Mrad at room temperature. For studying the spermicidal actions of the copolymer, epididymal fluid from the male rat was collected, diluted 1:10 with Ringer-fructose buffer and microscopically examined. Small swollen pieces of poly(HEMA-MAC) copolymer as well as poly(HEMA) homopolymer were then added to the epididymal fluid and the effect on the spermatozoa was noted. The spermicidal action "in vitro" was indicated by the loss of motility of the spermatozoa immediately on coming in contact with the poly(HEMA-MAC). The spermatozoa remained immotile even after the removal of the copolymer, indicating that they were dead. The polymer treated spermatozoa did not take up any supravital stain confirming that they were killed. This effect was absent only when poly(HEMA) was used. These results clearly show that the spermicidal activity is mainly due to the carboxylic groups of MAC. Possibly the low pH environment due to the ionization of carboxylic groups is responsible for killing the spermatozoa. For all the experiments the injection of the polymeric solution into the vas deferens was given only by exposing the vas deferens, but it is reported that in humans injection into the scrotal wall is possible. The new technique has all the characteristics which can lead to an ideal contraceptive method. Preliminary results of "in vitro" experiments on human spermatozoa with these hydrogels are encouraging.
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PMID:Novel mode of contraception using polymeric hydrogels. I. 705 60