Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1976 and 1986, 258 incidents of suspected scombrotoxic fish poisoning were reported in Britain. Histamine analysis was carried out on 240 fish samples from these incidents, and 101 were found to contain greater than 5 mg histamine/100 g fish. The symptoms most consistently reported were rash, diarrhoea, flushing and headache. In recent years there has been a decrease in the number of confirmed scombrotoxic outbreaks and a trend towards more sporadic incidents. Of fish samples with greater than 20 mg histamine/100 g, 94% were from incidents in which scombrotoxic symptoms were characteristic, but where fish had 5-20 mg/100 g only 38% of incidents were clinically distinctive. Guidelines are presented based on the interpretation of quantitative histamine analysis of fish samples from scombrotoxic poisoning incidents.
Epidemiol Infect 1987 Dec
PMID:Scombrotoxic fish poisoning in Britain: features of over 250 suspected incidents from 1976 to 1986. 342 80

Investigations concerning the role of distribution system biofilms on water quality were conducted at a drinking water utility in New Jersey. The utility experienced long-term bacteriological problems in the distribution system, while treatment plant effluents were uniformly negative for coliform bacteria. Results of a monitoring program showed increased coliform levels as the water moved from the treatment plant through the distribution system. Increased coliform densities could not be accounted for by growth of the cells in the water column alone. Identification of coliform bacteria showed that species diversity increased as water flowed through the study area. All materials in the distribution system had high densities of heterotrophic plate count bacteria, while high levels of coliforms were detected only in iron tubercles. Coliform bacteria with the same biochemical profile were found both in distribution system biofilms and in the water column. Assimilable organic carbon determinations showed that carbon levels declined as water flowed through the study area. Maintenance of a 1.0-mg/liter free chlorine residual was insufficient to control coliform occurrences. Flushing and pigging the study area was not an effective control for coliform occurrences in that section. Because coliform bacteria growing in distribution system biofilms may mask the presence of indicator organisms resulting from a true breakdown of treatment barriers, the report recommends that efforts continue to find methods to control growth of coliform bacteria in pipeline biofilms.
Appl Environ Microbiol 1987 Dec
PMID:Examination and characterization of distribution system biofilms. 343 40

Formaldehyde is but one of many chemicals capable of causing the tight building syndrome or environmentally induced illness (EI). The spectrum of symptoms it may induce includes attacks of headache, flushing, laryngitis, dizziness, nausea, extreme weakness, arthralgia, unwarranted depression, dysphonia, exhaustion, inability to think clearly, arrhythmia or muscle spasms. The nonspecificity of such symptoms can baffle physicians from many specialties. Presented herein is a simple office method for demonstrating that formaldehyde is among the etiologic agents triggering these symptoms. The very symptoms that patients complain of can be provoked within minutes, and subsequently abolished, with an intradermal injection of the appropriate strength of formaldehyde. This injection aids in convincing the patient of the cause of the symptoms so he can initiate measures to bring his disease under control.
Environ Health Perspect 1987 Dec
PMID:Diagnosing the tight building syndrome. 344 98

The relation of plasma levels of prostaglandins to the occurrence of flushing induced by niceritrol was investigated. Niceritrol increased plasma levels of PGE2 (p less than 0.01) and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha (p less than 0.05) in 10 male subjects and aspirin reduced the level of PGE2 (p less than 0.01). Five of 10 subjects had flushing, and aspirin reduced flushing in 4 subjects. On the basis of the above study, we treated 35 hyperlipidemic patients with niceritrol in combination with aspirin, investigating the effect of the treatment of serum lipids and postheparin lipolytic activity. None of the 12 cases given aspirin from the start of the treatment experienced flushing, whereas 9 of the 23 cases not given aspirin experienced flushing, which was suppressed by adding aspirin in prescription in all cases except one. Niceritrol decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index. It also increased HDL2 cholesterol and decreased HDL3 cholesterol. The LPL activity in postheparin plasma increased in all cases after niceritrol treatment. In conclusion, aspirin increased compliance of niceritrol by reducing the occurrence of flushing probably due to the decreased levels of prostaglandins, yielding favorable results for the long-term treatment of hyperlipidemia with a sufficient doses of niceritrol.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1987 Dec
PMID:Increased compliance of niceritrol treatment by addition of aspirin: relationship between changes in prostaglandins and skin flushing. 348 59

The feasibility of using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurement to monitor organ perfusion and preservation was studied using a rat model. Intact kidneys were assessed with NMR following various periods of cold storage. Bilateral en bloc donor nephrectomy was performed on Sprague-Dawley rats with prior in situ flushing with Euro-collins', dextrose and other test solutions via a plastic cannula in the aorta. A paramagnetic agent, gadolinium-DPTA, dissolved in perfusion fluid was then injected into the renal vasculature. NMR analysis was repeated and the kidneys were reflushed with perfusion fluid to remove the gadolinium, followed by another NMR analysis. By sequential flushing and NMR measurement after 24, 48 and 72 hours of cold storage, the thoroughness of flushing, the patency of intrarenal vasculature and capillary integrity could be assessed. With the D5W, the T1 relaxation of kidneys dropped 56% with prolonged cold storage, indicating gadolinium accumulation in the interstitium, in effect loss of capillary integrity. With the Euro-collins', the T1 showed a small drop (23%) and almost complete flush-out, indicating superior tissue preservation and patency of vasculature. The addition of trifluoperazine, (TFP, a calmodulin inhibitor) to the Euro-collins' resulted in only a 9% drop in T1 after 72 hours. This possibly indicates TFP has additional protective action on cold ischemic damage. Using the small animal model presented here, proton NMR spectroscopy appears to be a sensitive technique in assessing renal vascular patency after cold storage and provides a useful tool for the investigation of other agents for organ preservation for transplantation.
J Urol 1986 Dec
PMID:Nuclear magnetic resonance assessment of renal perfusion and preservation for transplantation. 353 21

In man, intravenous infusion of adenosine has been useful in inducing sustained hypotension during anesthesia. Bolus injections terminate supraventricular tachyarrhythmias by delaying AV node conduction. It has been proposed that some of its cardiovascular effects are related to inhibition of noradrenergic neurotransmission. We assessed the cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal effects of intravenous infusion of adenosine (10 to 140 micrograms/kg/min) in 7 conscious normal subjects. At the highest infusion rate achieved, adenosine increased heart rate by 33 bpm (p less than 0.005), increased systolic blood pressure by 13 mm Hg (p less than 0.02) and decreased diastolic blood pressure by 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.02). Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine increased 44% and 213% respectively. Basal plasma renin activity was 0.7 +/- 0.09 ng AI/ml/hr and remained unchanged. Higher doses were not given due to the appearance of subjective side effects (headache, nervousness, flushing and an urge to breathe deeply). During dipyridamole administration, 4-fold lower doses were required to produce equivalent cardiovascular effects. We conclude that in conscious man, intravenous infusion of adenosine is associated with activation rather than inhibition of the sympathoadrenal system. The possible mechanisms of this sympathetic activation are discussed.
Life Sci 1986 Dec 08
PMID:Cardiovascular effects of adenosine infusion in man and their modulation by dipyridamole. 353 3

Flavone acetic acid is the second in a series of compounds based on the flavonoid aglycone ring structure to be clinically evaluated in malignant disease. Preclinical studies have indicated that a minimum plasma level of 150 micrograms/ml is required before therapeutic efficacy (in a wide range of experimental tumors) is seen in mice; both in vitro and in vivo studies also suggest that the duration of drug exposure is crucial in determining activity. Thus a Phase I trial has been performed in a total of 54 patients using 3 schedules, i.e., a 1-, 3-, and 6-h infusion. In each case, treatment was given once weekly for a minimum of 3 weeks. The maximum tolerated doses were 6.4, 6.4, and 10.0 g/m2, respectively. Dose limiting toxicity was denoted by an intense feeling of warmth and flushing with a 1-h infusion, hypotension with a 3-h infusion, and hypotension and diarrhea with a 6-h infusion. No objective responses were seen in this Phase I trial. The recommended doses for Phase II trials of flavone acetic acid in Europe are 4.8 g/m2 over 1 h or 8.6 g/m2 over 6 h. At these doses the peak plasma concentrations obtained are 650 and 388 micrograms/ml, respectively. Total drug exposure (assessed by an area under the curve greater than 100 micrograms/ml) was approximately 50% greater for the 6-h schedule. This Phase I trial indicates that peak plasma concentrations associated with experimental activity are achievable in humans, although optimal drug exposure times have not yet been defined.
Cancer Res 1987 Dec 15
PMID:Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of flavone acetic acid. 367 6

Over a 3-yr period (1982 to 1984), 533 arterial catheters were inserted in 476 patients admitted to the pediatric ICU or the operating room. Radial arterial catheterization with small-bore, 0.8-mm, 22-ga Teflon cannulas was the most common method (376 of 533 cannulations), and 296 of these catheters were inserted in patients less than 1 yr of age. All catheters were flushed intermittently with heparin (12.5 U/ml) in isotonic saline. The mean catheter duration was 2.6 days, and only minor complications were noted. The main reason for catheter removal was malfunction of the arterial line. There was no difference in duration or complication rate between catheters inserted percutaneously or by cutdown. Over a 6-month period (1985 to 1986), 42 0.8-mm, 22-ga radial arterial catheters were inserted in 39 patients less than 1 yr of age; all catheters were maintained by a continuous flushing system using heparin (5 U/ml) in isotonic saline. The mean duration was 6.3 days. No complications were noted, and the proportion of catheter malfunction decreased. This study confirms the safety of radial arterial catheterization in children and neonates. The continuous flushing system considerably improved catheter patency compared to a method using intermittent flushing.
Crit Care Med 1987 Dec
PMID:Radial arterial catheters in children and neonates: a prospective study. 367 63

Hypotension and flushing are occasionally observed in patients with pancreatic cholera syndrome. Similar effects are produced when vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is administered to healthy subjects. To characterize further these responses, serial measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output and forearm blood flow were made in 6 healthy subjects during constant VIP infusion (400 pmol/kg/hr for 100 minutes). VIP infusion caused sustained vasodilatation and decreased total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure by 30 and 12%, respectively. Forearm resistance decreased by 65%. The effects on cardiac output and stroke volume were biphasic. During the early phase of VIP infusion (0 to 70 minutes), heart rate and cardiac output increased with only minor changes in stroke volume. Later (71 to 100 minutes) the tachycardia persisted, but cardiac output decreased toward control levels due to decreased stroke volume. Echocardiograms during the infusion demonstrated increased left ventricular contractility as defined by the relation between end-systolic wall stress and shortening fraction. These data document potent vasodilatory and inotropic actions of VIP. It is likely that intravascular volume losses from increased intestinal secretion account for the decreased stroke volume seen late in the VIP infusion period and immediately thereafter. The tachycardia appears to be an appropriate compensatory mechanism to maintain blood pressure in the presence of vasodilatation and loss of intervascular volume. These observations provide an explanation for the cardiovascular findings in patients with sudden release of VIP from tumors.
Am J Cardiol 1987 Dec 01
PMID:Cardiovascular effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide in healthy subjects. 368 85

In the course of celiac plexus alcohol block, facial flushing, palpitations, and hypotension are occasionally incurred in some patients. We hypothesized that the phenomenon represents acetaldehyde syndrome, not response to increased blood levels of ethanol as might be supposed. In order to prove our hypothesis, we selected five patients scheduled to undergo celiac plexus alcohol block, and, with their consent, we measured blood concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde before and for 6 hr after the block. We also determined the phenotypes of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in their hair roots. We found that "flushers" are found exclusively among subjects without ALDH I, and that their blood levels of acetaldehyde were significantly higher than those of "non-flushers" within 10 min after the block. The flushers also gave histories of facial flushing after ingestion of small amounts of ethanol. On the basis of such histories one can anticipate whether acetaldehyde syndrome is likely or unlikely to accompany the block.
Anesth Analg 1986 Dec
PMID:Acetaldehyde syndrome after celiac plexus alcohol block. 377 61


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