Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a randomized, parallel, double-blind study, lisinopril (n = 412; average dose 18.8 mg) reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (change = 20.2/13.8 mmHg; P less than 0.01/P less than 0.01) more than nifedipine (n = 416; average dose 37.4 mg; change = 13.3/11.2 mmHg) after 10-week treatment in patients, aged 40-70 years, with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Lisinopril was better tolerated than nifedipine. The withdrawals from treatment were fewer in the lisinopril-treated group (11 versus 46; P less than 0.01). The frequency of adverse experiences reported after a general question of discomfort was significantly lower for lisinopril than for nifedipine (P less than 0.01). When questioned on specific symptoms, frequency of coughing was higher with lisinopril (P less than 0.01), while flushing, edema, palpitations, dizziness, tiredness and rash were reported more frequently (P less than 0.01, for all) in the nifedipine-treated group. Quality of life was assessed by both patients and spouses. No significant changes in wellbeing were observed for either drug, except for the highest dose level of nifedipine which caused a deterioration.
J Hypertens 1991 Dec
PMID:Lisinopril or nifedipine in essential hypertension? A Norwegian multicenter study on efficacy, tolerability and quality of life in 828 patients. 166 65

Seventeen patients with malignant carcinoid tumour, ten of whom had the malignant carcinoid syndrome, were treated with recombinant alpha-2b interferon by subcutaneous injection (3 MU per dose) three times per week for a median of 12 weeks (range 4-48). No objective tumour responses were observed; however, there was a greater than 50% reduction in 24-hour urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion in four of ten patients (40%) with elevated pretreatment levels. Five of ten patients (50%) with flushing, five of seven patients (71%) with diarrhoea and both patients with wheezing experienced relief of symptoms. Three of four patients (75%) with weight loss as their only problem experienced weight gain. Responses occurred within the first eight weeks of treatment, but were generally of short duration. Toxicity occurred in all patients, and consisted mainly of fever, chills, anorexia, fatigue and weight loss. Four patients ceased therapy due to toxic reactions. Although interferon has activity against carcinoid tumours, its benefits are short-lived and toxicity limits its use with increasing dose. Patients with carcinoid syndrome appear to achieve the best therapeutic response, and it is likely that low doses (9-20 million IU weekly) are as effective as higher doses (36-72 million IU weekly).
Aust N Z J Med 1991 Dec
PMID:Recombinant alpha-2b interferon in patients with malignant carcinoid tumour. 172 59

A bioacoustic analysis is conducted on the defensive sounds produced by 21 species of snakes. The "typical" snake hiss is described as having a broad-frequency span (from roughly 3,000 to 13,000 Hertz) and a dominant frequency near 7,500 Hertz. The "growl" of the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) differs from the "typical" snake hiss in consisting solely of frequencies below 2,500 Hertz, with a dominant frequency near 600 Hertz. Structural analysis of the upper respiratory tract of O. hannah suggests that the "growl" is produced by tracheal diverticula functioning as low-frequency resonating chambers. This hypothesis is supported in several ways. An acoustic analysis of a mechanical model of the trachea demonstrates the potential for these diverticula to produce resonance effects. A "growl" also occurs in the mangrove ratsnake (Gonyosoma oxycephalum), a species that also has tracheal diverticula. Flushing the respiratory tract of G. oxycephalum with helium produces a shift of over 1,000 Hertz in the "growl," a shift that is indicative of a resonance effect.
J Exp Zool 1991 Dec
PMID:Morphological basis of "growling" in the king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah. 174 12

To determine what, if any, effects exposure to ultrasonic beams has on preimplantation embryos we isolated mouse blastocysts and assessed resorption rate, pregnancy rate, decidual swelling volume, and live birth rate after in vitro exposure with subsequent transfer to surrogate mothers. The blastocyst stage embryos were isolated by flushing the uteri of pregnant animals with a phosphate buffered medium. Blastocysts at a discrete stage of development were pooled and transferred to a PB1-methylcellulose medium. This medium is specifically designed to maintain the embryos in a high viscosity solution during the sonographic exposure to prevent microcavitation. After the exposure, the embryos were washed free of methylcellulose and transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant surrogate mothers. A total of 660 blastocyst stage embryos were distributed among seven treatment groups. After exposure, the embryos were transferred to 54 surrogate mothers. A total of 199 embryos were implanted successfully for postimplantation evaluation. An additional 427 blastocysts were distributed among four treatment groups and transferred to 46 surrogate mothers to assess the effect of sonographic exposure on birth rate. The results indicate possible deleterious effects (decreased implantation rate, increased resorption rate, decreased decidual swelling volume, and increased stillbirth rate) of short ultrasonic exposures (1 min and 5 min) on mouse blastocyst function.
J Ultrasound Med 1991 Dec
PMID:The role of preimplantation sonographic exposure in postimplantation development and pregnancy outcome. 176 34

A study was performed to verify that the prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence in Formosan aborigines differs from that of Taiwanese (Chinese Han people), using analysis of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes and flush patterns on randomly sampled 70 Atayal, 66 Paiwan, 61 Yami and 94 Taiwanese subjects were studied. The activity of an isomer of ALDH having a low Km (ALDH-I) in hair roots was analysed by isoelectric focusing assay. The subjective experience of flushing response after alcohol ingestion was assessed. Results showed that the rate of ALDH-I deficiency in Taiwanese (51.1%) was significantly higher than in aborigines, i.e., 6.4%, 3.9%, and 0% in Atayal, Paiwan, and Yami subjects, respectively. The percentage occurrence of ALDH-I deficiency and prevalence of alcohol dependence in Taiwanese and aborigines were negatively correlated. The predominant pattern of self-reported flush response after alcohol use among aborigines was of slow onset. The flush response to alcohol ingestion was examined in relation to aldehyde metabolizing enzyme. Since alcohol sensitivity is an important factor in the development and maintenance of the alcohol ingestion habit in humans, our results support the hypothesis that there is a biological basis in the different rates of alcohol abuse and dependence among different ethnic groups.
Acta Med Okayama 1991 Dec
PMID:Aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, flush patterns and prevalence of alcoholism: an interethnic comparison. 178 Dec 98

In present paper, 62 cases of dysautonomia out of 115 patients with GBS. In the clinical manifestations of the dysautonomia, the disorder of heart was most (85.48%), the second was abnormality of the blood pressure and the digestive tract (both 37.1) and the abnormality of sweat and sexual dysfunction would not take less (30.65% and 17.74% respectively). It was also found that there were the facial flushing (4.84%) and abnormal pupilla (6.45%). The sexual dysfunction was firstly reported. Dysautonomia in GBS was higher in young adults (less than 20 years) (P less than 0.01) and that in the severe cases (P less than 0.01). The mortality of patients of GBS with dysautonomia was higher (P less than 0.01). The pathophysiological mechanism and treatment of GBS were discussed.
Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 1991 Dec
PMID:[Dysautonomia in Guillaine-Barre syndrome: a clinical analysis of 62 cases]. 180 57

Secondary to the i.v. administration of a corn-derived dextrose solution, a 23-y-old pregnant female patient admitted to the hospital at term gestation developed an anaphylactic reaction. Orofacial swelling, difficulty in breathing, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, voice hoarseness, total body warmth and flushing occurred within 8 min of initiation of a 5% dextrose Lactated Ringer's solution. The i.v. solution was discontinued and plain lactated Ringer's solution was begun with no sequelae. The patient delivered a viable male infant with a post-operative course being unremarkable. A sample of suspect solution was sent to the manufacturer but no contamination was reported. Although the reaction elicited in this patient was rare, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of corn allergy due to the administration of i.v. fluids containing corn-derived dextrose.
Vet Hum Toxicol 1991 Dec
PMID:Probable anaphylactic reaction to corn-derived dextrose solution. 180 42

A cutaneous test has been applied in examination of the flushing response to ethanol and acetaldehyde in 402 Chinese of Han ethnicity. Using this noninvasive method, five response subtypes have been observed: (A) fast flushing to both ethanol and acetaldehyde; (B) fast flushing only to ethanol but not to acetaldehyde; (C) slow flushing to ethanol only; (D) no response either to ethanol or to acetaldehyde; (E) vasoconstriction to ethanol, or to both ethanol and acetaldehyde. A total of 94% in subtype (A) are reported to be flushers, while only 25% was reported in subtype (D). Other physiological responses, such as tachycardia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and nausea are less frequent after alcohol ingestion. The recent history of consumption of alcohol of the subjects in different subtypes was also obtained. Although alcohol-induced flushing is thought to be a deterrent factor to heavy consumption of alcohol, the frequency of drinking of alcoholic beverages was not found to be different between flushers and nonflushers.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990 Dec
PMID:Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde: subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese. 208 31

The antidotal benefit of oximes against organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterase intoxication is thought to be due to reactivation of the OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This study was conducted to determine whether the antidotal efficacy against soman by the oximes 2-hydroxyiminomethyl-3-methyl-1-[2-(3-methyl-3-nitrobutyl oxymethyl)]-imidazolium Cl (ICD 467) and 1,1'-methylenebis[4-(hydroxyiminomethyl) pyridinium] di-Cl (MMB-4) resulted, in part, from reactivation of the inhibited AChE. These oximes were tested in parallel with pralidoxime Cl (2-PAM) and 1-(2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridinio-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridinio+ ++)-2-oxapropane di-Cl (HI-6). Rabbits were atropinized (8 mg/kg, i.m.) and intoxicated with soman (13 micrograms/kg, i.v.; 1.2 x LD50) 5 min later. Three minutes after soman, animals were treated with oxime (50, 100 or 150 mumol/kg, i.m.). Whole blood was collected from a catheter in the central artery of the ear just before soman, at 2 min after soman and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after oxime or vehicle for determination of AChE activity. Shortly thereafter, animals were anesthetized and exsanguinated with immediate flushing using heparinized saline. AChE activity was also determined on the cortex, medulla-pons and diaphragm to assess central and peripheral reactivation. Treatment with HI-6 or MMB-4 (50 mumol/kg, i.m.) resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) reactivation of soman-inhibited whole blood AChE and diaphragm cholinesterase (ChE), but not brain AChE. In contrast, 2-PAM was completely ineffective in reactivating soman-inhibited AChE. HI-6 was significantly better than MMB-4 in reactivating blood AChE; they were essentially equal against soman-inhibited diaphragm ChE. Three animals exposed to soman and treated with ICD 467 died within 15 min. When animals not exposed to soman were treated with ICD 467 (25 mumol/kg, i.m.), whole blood AChE activity was depressed by 60% within 5-10 min after treatment. Furthermore, ICD 467 failed to reactivate significantly unaged soman-inhibited erythrocyte AChE, in vitro. These observations indicate that ICD 467 would be contraindicated as a therapy for anti-ChE intoxication and that the efficacy of HI-6 or MMB-4 can be explained, in part, by reactivation of soman-inhibited AChE.
Biochem Pharmacol 1990 Dec 15
PMID:Evaluation of several oximes as reactivators of unaged soman-inhibited whole blood acetylcholinesterase in rabbits. 226 Sep 91

To assess the effectiveness of pulmonary perfusion we evaluated the lung mechanics of 36 canine lungs in an isolated perfused working lung (IPWL) model. Four groups of lungs (n = 9 each) were preserved by pulmonary artery flushing with either high-potassium colloid (UW), high-potassium crystalloid (EuroCollins', EC), low-potassium crystalloid control (lactate), or low-potassium substrate-enhanced crystalloid (RPMI) followed by 130 +/- 10 min of cold storage. Ventilation remained constant (TV 10 ml/kg at 14 breaths/min with 5 cm H2O PEEP). Assessed data included lung resistance (R), timed expiratory volume (EV0.3 sec as %TV), lung compliance (C), elastic work (Wel), and flow-resistive work (Wres). Immediately following storage, R and Wel were similar for all groups (16 +/- 3 cm H2O/liter/sec and 149 +/- 18 gm/min). UW preserved lungs were less compliant (1.5 +/- 0.1 X 10(-2) liter/cm H2O) and required more inspiratory work (Wres 5.8 +/- 0.8 gm/min) compared to the low-potassium crystalloid (Lactate) group (2.0 +/- 0.1 X 10(-2) liter/cm H2O and 3.4 +/- 0.6 gm/min, respectively, P less than 0.05). For 3 hr of reperfusion, crystalloid lungs showed no significant change in R, C, Wel, or Wres. In contrast, R of the UW group increased significantly to 32 +/- 5 and 40 +/- 8 cmH2O/liter/sec at 1 and 3 hr, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Surg Res 1990 Dec
PMID:Aerodynamic evaluation of crystalloid and colloid flush perfusion for lung preservation. 226 83


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