Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The quality of life (QL) was evaluated in a 6 month double-blind trial in six European countries. Patients with a sustained supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP), phase V, of 95 mm Hg or more on bendrofluazide, 5 mg daily (or an equivalent dose of a thiazide diuretic) were randomised to additional pinacidil (n = 127), 25 mg up to 100 mg daily, or nifedipine (n = 130), 20 mg up to 80 mg daily. The treatment groups were similar at entry for QL scores, average DBP of 103 +/- 6 (SD) mm Hg, and average age of 56 +/- 10 (SD) years. Eighteen patients on pinacidil and 12 on nifedipine withdrew due to side effects, such as oedema (both drugs) and flushing (nifedipine). The maximum antihypertensive effect was achieved within 6 weeks and maintained, resulting in a significant fall in SDBP of 13.7 mm Hg on pinacidil and 15.5 mm Hg on nifedipine at the end of the trial. There was no significant difference in the antihypertensive effect. The target SDBP was achieved in 57% of pinacidil-and 63% of nifedipine-treated patients. The average number of symptomatic complaints fell in both groups, with significant decreases in the reporting of blurred vision and headaches on nifedipine. Complaints of growth of body and facial hair increased on pinacidil but there were no significant between-drug comparisons with respect to side effects. In measures of psychological well being, patients on pinacidil showed a significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in total and cognitive function scores compared to nifedipine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Quality of life on antihypertensive therapy: a double-blind trial comparing quality of life on pinacidil and nifedipine in combination with a thiazide diuretic. European Pinacidil Study Group. 138 18

1. PGD2 (DP)-receptors mediate inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilatation. If receptor reserve were greater on platelets it might be possible to separate these effects. To determine whether such a difference in receptor reserve exists, we have examined the effects of a highly selective DP-receptor partial agonist 192C86 on platelet aggregation and the cardiovascular system in healthy volunteers. 2. Using an open, dose-escalating study design, four male volunteers received constant rate intravenous infusions of 192C86 for up to 60 min. Ex vivo platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood (WB) was studied at baseline, after 15, 30 and 60 min of each infusion and at 180 min post-infusion. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured at frequent intervals. Adverse experiences were monitored by checklist. Facial flushing was assessed by the volunteer using a visual analogue scale, by an observer using a numerical scale and by full-face colour photographs. Blood was taken for assay of plasma 192C86 concentrations by radio-immunoassay (r.i.a.). 3. 192C86 (0.007-0.058 micrograms kg-1 min-1) inhibited platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen both in PRP and WB in a dose-dependent manner. However, this was always accompanied by a decrease in DBP, increase in HR and facial flushing. Plasma concentrations of 192C86 were at or below the limits of sensitivity of the r.i.a. (0.5 ng ml-1). 4. The highest infusion rate was stopped after 20 min due to symptomatic hypotension on standing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of a prostaglandin DP-receptor partial agonist (192C86) on platelet aggregation and the cardiovascular system in healthy volunteers. 145 68

A controlled multicentre trial was organised to compare the effects of 20 mg Nifedipine tablets (N) and 2,5 mg Indapamide tablets (I) during a 4 months' treatment period after a placebo period, in 59 patients with moderate essential hypertension (n = 59). The results of blood pressure measurements of 18 patients treated by nifedipine (1 tablet twice daily) and 22 patients treated by indapamide (1 tablet every morning) were compared. The systolic blood pressure, after 10 minutes recumbency, fell from 165 +/- 10 mmHg to 148 +/- 13 mmHg (p less than 0.01), and the diastolic pressure from 104 +/- 6 mmHg to 86 +/- 7 mmHg (p less than 0.01) in the patients treated with nifedipine. In the indapamide group, the SBP fell from 164 +/- 13 mmHg to 152 +/- 15 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and the DBP from 100 +/- 4 mmHg to 87 +/- 6 mmHg (p less than 0.01). There were no significant changes of heart rate with either drug; plasma creatinine, potassium and uric acid concentrations were also unchanged. There was a higher incidence of headaches and tiredness in the nifedipine group, whilst patients treated with indapamide complained more often of muscular cramps. Flushing was observed in nearly a quarter of the patients in both groups. These results confirm that both nifedipine and indapamide induce significant and persistant falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Although the fall was greater with nifedipine than with indapamide, the difference was not statistically significant. The tolerance was satisfactory in both groups of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparative effects of nifedipine and indapamide in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. 393 9

Pranidipine (OPC-13340), a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, was given to 9 elderly hypertensive inpatients aged 64-79 years. Once-daily administration of pranidipine (1-2 mg) for 1-2 weeks decreased the 24-h average BP significantly from 167/92 mmHg to 150/83 mmHg without any change in pulse rate (PR) or the variabilities of BP and PR. The reduction of BP was observed exclusively during daytime (171/95 mmHg to 153/86 mmHg, p < 0.01 for SBP, p < 0.05 for DBP), while BP reduction during nighttime was significant only for DBP (157/84 mmHg to 146/79 mmHg, p > 0.05 for SBP, p < 0.05 for DBP). The analysis of the circadian rhythm by the cosinor method revealed that the acrophases of BP and PR were not changed significantly by the treatment with pranidipine. No adverse effects such as flushing and headache developed during the treatment. These results suggest that once-daily treatment with pranidipine is safe and exerts a sufficient antihypertensive effect during daytime with mild reduction of nighttime BP in elderly hypertensives. Furthermore, it does not alter the circadian patterns or variabilities of BP and PR. Thus, pranidipine may be useful as a monotherapy for elderly hypertensives.
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PMID:Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in elderly hypertensives treated with the new calcium antagonist, pranidipine (OPC-13340). 765 66

The aim of this study was to compare the tolerability and efficacy of isradipine and felodipine in the treatment of mild-moderate hypertension. After a 4 week placebo period, 143 patients entered a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study of 12 weeks duration. Patients received either isradipine (n = 72) or felodipine (n = 71) 2.5 mg twice daily. Doubling of this dose and the addition of enalapril (2.5 mg once daily) was permitted if DBP was > 90 mmHg at weeks 4 and 8, respectively. Isradipine monotherapy reduced BP from 165/104 +/- 13/6 mmHg at baseline to 149/91 +/- 14/10 mmHg at week 8 (p < 0.001), while felodipine alone reduced BP from 171/104 +/- 17/6 at baseline to 151/92 +/- 19/9 (p < 0.001). Following the addition of enalapril to 35% of patients in the isradipine group BP was further reduced to 144/88 +/- 13/8 mmHg at week 12 (p < 0.001). The addition of enalapril to 24% of the felodipine group further reduced BP to 150/92 +/- 19/9 mmHg at week 12 (p < 0.001). No differences in BP were found between the 2 groups while on monotherapy. However, the isradipine group had a significantly lower DBP than the felodipine group at the conclusion of the study (p = 0.008; 95% CI 0.7 to 6.9 mmHg). Similar incidences of headache, flushing, dizziness and tachycardia were reported in both groups. However, the incidence of ankle oedema was significantly lower in the isradipine group (p = 0.028). Overall, ankle oedema was reported more often by female patients and was not associated with an increase in weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A comparison of isradipine and felodipine in Australian patients with hypertension: focus on ankle oedema. The Physician's Study Group. 820 14

The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of manidipine hydrochloride, a new calcium-antagonist of the dihydropyridine group, in the long-term treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. After a 2-week run-in period on placebo, 183 patients, 98 males and 85 females, with mean age of 53.8 years, sitting DBP > or = 95 and < or = 115 mmHg and SBP < or = 210 mmHg, were given manidipine 10 mg once daily. Two weeks later, patients whose DBP was > or = 90 mmHg or with a reduction in DBP < 10 mmHg were administered with manidipine 20 mg once daily. Follow-up visits were performed at 6, 10, 14, 26, 38 and 52 weeks after starting manidipine treatment. All BP (by mercury sphygmomanometer, Korotkoff I and V) and heart rate (HR) measures were made 24 h after dosing. Adverse events and laboratory data were recorded. Particular attention was paid to the collection of possible major cardiovascular (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction) and cerebrovascular (IRA, stroke) events, observed during the treatment period. One-hundred-and-fifty-one patients completed the study (79 on a 10 mg dose and 72 on a 20 mg dose), whereas 32 dropped out (11 lost to follow-up, 11 insufficient therapeutic response, 7 ADRs, 3 other causes). Significant reductions of BP values were achieved during the manidipine 10 mg treatment period. Analysis of covariance between doses confirmed a more potent hypotensive effect of manidipine 20 mg as compared to 10 mg on sitting DBP and mean BP and on standing SBP, especially in patients with moderate hypertension. At the end of 1 year of treatment the success rates (defined as sitting DBP > or = 90 mmHg or a reduction of > or = 10 mmHg vs baseline) were similar in the two groups (manidipine 10 mg: 96.1%; manidipine 20 mg: 94.5%). No clinically relevant change in HR was observed. Overall, 28 patients (17 in the manidipine 20 mg and 11 in the manidipine 10 mg treated group) complained of adverse events, the most common being ankle oedema (4.9%), headache (3.8%), palpitation (2.7%) and flushing (2.2%). Neither cardiovascular nor cerebrovascular events or other serious adverse event were reported. In conclusion, a significant and constant reduction of BP values was observed with long-term treatment with manidipine. The reduction in BP was dose-related especially in patients suffering from moderate hypertension. Adverse events were mild and relatively more frequent with the higher manidipine dosage.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of manidipine hydrochloride in the long-term treatment of mild-moderate hypertension. Manidipine Efficacy in Long-Term Treatment Group. 897 89

In 102 cases of severe hypertension (DBP > or = 115 mm Hg), with or without acute complications, efficacy and safety of SL Nifedipine 10 mg (NIF), SL Captopril 25 mg (CAP), IV Metoprolol 15 mg (MET) and SL NIF + IV MET were studied in an inpatient trial. Maximum mean percent reduction in SBP was 13.3, 9.7, 15.7 and 19.9 and in DBP was 21.2, 13.9, 12.5 and 20.4 with NIF, CAP, MET and NIF + MET respectively. A safe DBP of < or = 110 mm Hg (Kaplan) was achieved in 90, 61, 72.2 and 95.2 percent of patients. A statistically significant fall in DBP was observed at 5 minutes with all regimens except CAP which was at 15 minutes. Mild side effects observed were palpitations and flushing (NIF n = 4), taste disturbances (CAP n = 3), heaviness of head (CAP n = 1) and giddiness (MET n = 2, NIF + MET n = 2). The trial data suggest that hypertensive crisis can be managed, without intensive care facility, with all four regimens; this implies significant cost containment.
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PMID:Nifedipine, captopril, metoprolol and nifedipine with metoprolol in hypertensive crisis in non-intensive care setting. 928 10