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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histories of 4 dairy herds with increased incidence of Pseudomonas mastitis associated with contaminated wash hoses in milking parlors are described. Problems of detection and elimination of the organism from contaminated water sources and the inadequacy of iodide germicides in eliminating Pseudomonas are discussed. In problem herds, greater numbers of organisms often are found in the water left standing in the wash hoses between milkings. Thus, flushing of hoses before their use in the milking process may be beneficial in reducing exposure of the cows to the organism.
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PMID:Pseudomonas mastitis: difficulties in detection and elimination from contaminated wash-water systems. 311 30

The composition of a precipitate obtained from a silastic right atrial catheter was determined. The precipitate was collected and washed with deionized water thoroughly before subjecting portions of it to organic and inorganic analysis. Inorganic analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray spectroscopy for sodium, aluminum, silicone, sulfur, chlorine, and calcium. Phosphorus analysis was conducted by a commercial laboratory. Organic analysis was conducted by thin layer chromatography with cholesterol, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingomyelin as standards. Silicone, calcium, and phosphorus and three organic compounds, which could not be conclusively identified, were found. The precipitate was most likely calcium phosphate intermixed with silicone oil lubricant and residual total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution. This formed in the catheter at body temperature probably due to incomplete catheter flushing.
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PMID:Precipitate analysis from an indwelling total parenteral nutrition catheter. 312 64

The in vivo rabbit ileum was used to study the relationship of cholera enterotoxin-induced water and electrolyte secretion and mucus secretion and to determine whether the enterotoxin influenced the intestinal mucus blanket. In experiments in which luminal fluid viscosity was used to assess mucus secretion, it was found that while cholera enterotoxin induced a sustained secretion of water and electrolytes, the toxin-induced mucus hypersecretion was short lived (3 to 5 h) and subsequent exposure of the mucosa to cholera enterotoxin or prostaglandin E1 did not stimulate mucus secretion further. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline caused a modest mucus secretion in ileal loops which differed from that of cholera enterotoxin in both magnitude and in the fact that the mucus secretion occurred 2 to 3 h after the onset of water and electrolyte secretion. An oral replacement solution was used in the ileum to reduce the enterotoxin-induced loss of water and electrolytes into the lumen. While such a solution slowed the appearance of acidic glycoprotein in the intestinal lumen, it did not change the amount of glycoprotein secreted over a 7-h period, suggesting that toxin-induced mucus secretion was not simply due to a flushing action of the experimentally caused diarrhea. To assess mucus blanket thickness, neutral glycoprotein was recovered from the blanket of rabbit ileal loops 7 h after exposure to cholera enterotoxin and the thickness of the mucus blanket was measured directly 4 and 18 h after toxin exposure. Both methods indicated that even though cholera enterotoxin-induced mucus hypersecretion had subsided and there was histological evidence of goblet cell mucin depletion, there was a sustained increase in mucus blanket thickness that was detectable for at least 18 h after mucosal enterotoxin exposure.
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PMID:Cholera enterotoxin-induced mucus secretion and increase in the mucus blanket of the rabbit ileum in vivo. 316 91

Particularly in recent years one has recognized the great importance of hygienic removal of faeces in the prophylaxis of intestinal infectious diseases and parasitosis. Numerous models have been carried out in various areas and the World Bank has financed its own projects for this purpose. The models however, had to be suited to each country and district and also the living habits and conditions of the ground-water etc. The often desired water flushing toilets (or even chemical camping toilets) from certain people in the developing countries are at present to be carefully considered due to the insoluble drainage and fresh water problems.
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PMID:The importance of toilet facilities and their proper use by the population of Melut, South Sudan. 327 91

A cluster of five cases of Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients is described. They were treated with erythromycin and rifampicin, and all five survived. Two of them had rejected their grafts prior to their Legionella pneumonia; two rejected their transplants after reduction of immunosuppressive therapy to combat the infection. L pneumophila was present in the water distribution system of the hospital. Eradication measures included flushing the water pipes to the transplantation ward with hot and hyperchlorinated water, raising the warm water temperature to 60 degrees C, and installing ultraviolet (UV) irradiation units on the warm and cold water pipes to the ward. These measures were successful in that no new cases of legionellosis occurred after wards. L pneumophila could subsequently not be demonstrated by culture in plastic shower hoses supplied with UV-irradiated water. L pneumophila could be demonstrated by direct fluorescent antibody technique, but nonspecific reactions cannot be excluded. A higher prevalence of elevated L pneumophila antibody titers was observed in patients nursed for more than four weeks in the hospital than in patients with a shorter hospital stay, in hospital staff members, or in the general population. It seems that, with appropriate control measures, transplantation activities need not be discontinued in the presence of a minor cluster of Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients.
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PMID:Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease following renal transplantation. 329 50

An 18-year-old African elephant was determined to have a nonrepairable crack in its left tusk. Treatment included extraction of the tusk, using rotational and extractional forces, and administration of antibiotics, followed by 1 year of flushing the opened tusk cavity with warm tap water. Two years after surgery, the elephant was healthy, and the tusk cavity was 80% filled with normal tissue.
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PMID:Extraction of an infected tusk in an adult African elephant. 339 42

Portable and stationary eye wash stations were tested for the presence of free-living amoebae. Such amoebae may be found in potable waters, and at least one genera, the Acanthamoebae, can cause severe infections when introduced into traumatized eyes. Concentrates of filtrates of water from eye wash stations were placed on nonnutrient agar plates seeded with Escherichia coli. Resultant outgrowths of free-living amoebae, which were morphologically identified as mixtures of Hartmannella and Acanthamoebae, were inoculated intranasally into weanling mice. Subsequently, brain and lung tissues from injected mice were tested for amoebae as an indication of persistent infection. Acanthamoebae and Hartmannella were detected in some eye wash stations at each of four test sites. Both portable and stationary stations harbored Acanthamoebae. Some of the isolates caused persistent pulmonary infection but were not isolated from brain tissue. Flushing stationary eye wash stations temporarily reduced the number of stations positive for amoebae. Treatment of portable stations with 25 ppm of free chlorine also reduced the number of stations harboring amoebae but caused corrosion in some of the stations.
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PMID:The presence of free-living amoebae in portable and stationary eye wash stations. 342 52

Investigations concerning the role of distribution system biofilms on water quality were conducted at a drinking water utility in New Jersey. The utility experienced long-term bacteriological problems in the distribution system, while treatment plant effluents were uniformly negative for coliform bacteria. Results of a monitoring program showed increased coliform levels as the water moved from the treatment plant through the distribution system. Increased coliform densities could not be accounted for by growth of the cells in the water column alone. Identification of coliform bacteria showed that species diversity increased as water flowed through the study area. All materials in the distribution system had high densities of heterotrophic plate count bacteria, while high levels of coliforms were detected only in iron tubercles. Coliform bacteria with the same biochemical profile were found both in distribution system biofilms and in the water column. Assimilable organic carbon determinations showed that carbon levels declined as water flowed through the study area. Maintenance of a 1.0-mg/liter free chlorine residual was insufficient to control coliform occurrences. Flushing and pigging the study area was not an effective control for coliform occurrences in that section. Because coliform bacteria growing in distribution system biofilms may mask the presence of indicator organisms resulting from a true breakdown of treatment barriers, the report recommends that efforts continue to find methods to control growth of coliform bacteria in pipeline biofilms.
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PMID:Examination and characterization of distribution system biofilms. 343 40

The effectiveness of recovery of Raillietia auris by flushing the ear canals of recently slaughtered cattle with 20 or 40 ml (two flushes of 20 ml) of water was evaluated. Flushing the ear canals with 40 ml is recommended as a measure of prevalence and density of infestation of Raillietia auris.
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PMID:Evaluation of an ear flushing technique as a postmortem measure of infestation of Raillietia auris (Leidy) (Acari) in cattle. 345 36

The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of frozen-thawed rabbit oocytes to be fertilized in vitro. After superovulation with FSH a total of 1040 oocytes was obtained by puncturing the follicles 6 or 9 h after the injection of LH or by flushing the oviducts 12 h after LH application. 1.5 M dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was used as cryoprotective agent and the oocytes were transferred into 0.25 ml French straws and cooled in a methanol bath to -30 degrees C and transferred to liquid nitrogen. After 1-14 days of storage the oocytes were thawed rapidly in a 15 degrees C water bath and DMSO was diluted in a stepwise manner. Subsequently the oocytes were cultured in Ham's F-10 + 10% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 for 14, 7 and 4 h according to the time of oocyte collection. The survival rates of the oocytes based on morphological criteria were 5.4, 20.0 and 28.8%, respectively. For chromosomal analysis, morphologically intact frozen-thawed oocytes were fixed and stained using the technique described by Tarkowski. In 44 successful chromosomal preparations, 2 of 2, 10 of 19 and 22 of 23 preparations of oocytes collected 6, 9 and 12 h after LH application were in metaphase-II, respectively. Furthermore, the viability of the oocytes was also examined by using fluorescein diacetate. Out of 52 morphologically intact oocytes, 50 showed a positive intracellular fluorescence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Successful in-vitro fertilization of frozen-thawed rabbit oocytes. 355 75


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