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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of a 40 minute thermoneutral bath on diuretic function and blood volume in a total of 27 pregnant women (13 healthy and 14 pregnant women with edema rsep. EPH-gestosis) was investigated. In both groups water immersion led to a significant increase of urine flow, natriuresis, kaliuresis, osmotic and free water clearance. Plasma volume increased about 8-9%. The patients with gestosis showed a higher creatinine clearance. The same group also showed a higher osmotic clearance and relatively more sodium excretion. Regarding the flushing effect of bath, two mechanism of water immersion that originated in hydrostatic pressure have to be discussed-activation of renal functions and mobilisation of interstitial fluid.
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PMID:[The diuretic effect of a bath. Study in healthy pregnant females and patients with edema and gestosis]. 280 Jul 72

51 hypertensive outpatients, whose diastolic blood pressure exceeded 100 mmHg after a 2-week period on atenolol alone (100 mg once daily) participated in this long-term study. They received, in addition to atenolol, the vasodilator cadralazine (ISF 2469; 10 to 30 mg once daily) for a standard period of 24 weeks, according to an open design. Cadralazine caused a progressive and important decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, from 173/111 mmHg (end of atenolol alone) to 154/99 mmHg (12th week, p less than 0.01/p less than 0.01; mean dose, 24.5 mg/day). At this time a diuretic was added as a third-step drug in 15/51 initial patients (29%), and final blood pressure in all patients was 150/96 mmHg (p less than 0.01/p less than 0.01), with positive results in 88% of the cases. During cadralazine treatment, heart rate was always significantly lower than before atenolol alone; the most common side effects, many of which were already present during treatment with atenolol alone, included headache, asthenia, dizziness, palpitation and flushing, and tended to disappear spontaneously as therapy progressed. Routine laboratory tests did not show important changes; sodium excretion was not reduced. In conclusion, the therapeutic efficacy of cadralazine, its low or absent salt and water retention effects, its good tolerability, and the high compliance obtained with once daily administration allowed the use of this vasodilator as a second-step drug for long-term treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:Cadralazine, a new vasodilator, in addition to a beta-blocker for long-term treatment of hypertension. 285 65

Fenoldopam, a dopaminergic agonist, was administered intravenously to 18 healthy male subjects in doses ranging from 0.025 to 1.0 microgram/kg/min for 2 hours. Three subjects were studied in a three-way crossover of fenoldopam at doses of 0.025, 0.10, and 0.50 microgram/kg/min. Fenoldopam decreased diastolic blood pressure and increased pulse rate without changing systolic blood pressure. Fenoldopam produced dose-related increases in para-aminohippuric acid clearance up to 75% at the 0.50 microgram/kg/min dose. This increase in renal blood flow was accompanied by increases in urine volume, water, and solute excretion; glomerular filtration rate was unchanged. Doses greater than 0.25 microgram/kg/min caused flushing and nasal congestion. The dopamine receptor antagonist metoclopramide (0.1 mg/kg/hr) did not block the systemic hemodynamic effects of fenoldopam but attenuated the increase in para-aminohippuric acid clearance. Fenoldopam plasma levels achieved steady state between 30 and 120 minutes after the start of the infusion and were linear with respect to infusion rate. Our findings show that intravenous fenoldopam causes systemic arteriolar vasodilation, accompanied by renal vasodilation and increased sodium excretion.
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PMID:The effect of fenoldopam, a dopaminergic agonist, on renal hemodynamics. 288 Jun 88

1. Two methods of assessing gastric digestion rates of three prey types fed to Sooty albatrosses Phoebetria fusca were compared: removal of stomach contents, using a water-flushing stomach pump (a technique used commonly in diet studies), and inspection using a fibre-optic gastroscope (a previously unused technique). 2. The stomach pump yielded quantitative information, but proved stressful and resulted in incomplete recovery of meals ingested 3-6 hr before pumping. Gastric morphology of the animals studied and digestion state of their stomach contents may influence the effectiveness of this technique. 3. Inspection using the gastroscope yielded qualitative information only but permitted serial inspection of the same animal, and was less stressful than the stomach pump. Times for total evacuation of the stomach were 6-12 hr less when estimated using the gastroscope than when using the stomach pump. 4. The specifications of endoscopes relevant to their use by biologists are given. 5. Previous non-medical biological uses of endoscopes are given. Potential uses include underwater observations, sampling of digestive juices and stomach linings for enzyme analyses, observations of ingested prey, and assessment of parasite infestation.
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PMID:Use of fibre-optic endoscopes in studies of gastric digestion in carnivorous vertebrates. 290 43

An highly sensitive and fully automated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed for the determination of a novel non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic (I) [(R)-2-(methoxymethyl)-1-[(7-oxo-8-phenyl-7H-thieno[2,3-a]quinolizin+ ++- 10-yl)carbonyl]pyrrolidine] and its O-demethyl metabolite (II) in plasma, using column-switching for direct injection of plasma samples. After dilution in internal standard solution, the sample was injected onto a pre-column (17 mm x 4.6 mm) dry-packed with pellicular C18 reversed-phase material. Polar plasma components were removed by flushing the pre-column with water-acetonitrile (90:10, v/v). Retained substances, including I and II, were backflushed onto an analytical column, separated by gradient elution and detected by means of fluorescence detection (excitation, 304 nm; emission, 475 nm). After washing the analytical column and re-equilibrating the pre-column, the system was ready for the next injection. The limit of quantification for I and II was 0.25 and 0.5 ng/ml, respectively, using a 350-microliter specimen of plasma. The practicability of the new method was demonstrated by analysis of more than 300 plasma samples from a tolerance study performed with human volunteers. Owing to its high sensitivity, the method can be used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters of compounds I and II in man after a single oral dose of about 1 mg of I.
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PMID:Determination of a new non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic and its O-demethyl metabolite in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using automated column-switching. 290 18

Misinterpretations of gastrointestinal alterations can be reduced or eliminated by avoiding sampling/labeling errors, reducing artifact, and gaining familiarity with normal variations for the species under study. The errant thrust of the gastroscopic biopsy forceps can yield mucosa resembling atrophic gastritis; ileal villi taken for jejunal erroneously lead to consideration of sprue-like disorder. Reduction of the postmortem delay prior to fixation is critical for avoiding artifact. Villous epithelial cells separate from basement membrane within 5 to 10 minutes. Flushing saline, water, or fixative through unopened intestine causes intolerable damage to epithelium and villi. The thin-walled intestines of small laboratory species may be fixed unopened, but without dissection gross lesions are overlooked. Osmolarity of the fixative is important for preserving normal shapes of villi. Smooth muscle of the muscularis and villi of the dog contracts vigorously after euthanasia and immediate fixation. Optimum preservation may be had by applying iso-osmolar neutral buffered fixatives to intestinal segments which have been opened, stretched slightly, and pinned to cardboard or styrofoam. The villous height:crypt depth ratios vary among species and among intestinal segments. Shapes vary as well, ileal villi of many species appearing short and Christmas-tree- or thumb-shaped. Dilated lacteals occur occasionally in normal villi. The goblet cell population increases aborally, while the lymphocytic-plasmacytic population of the core increases with age. Eosinophils are a normal component in several species; globule leukocytes are common in others. Mast cells of the villi will be overlooked unless tissues are fixed in Carnoy's solution and stained with Astra or Alcian blue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Morphologic considerations in the interpretation of gastrointestinal disorders. 305 19

Ethanol-induced flushing (EIF) occurs in up to 80% of Asians and is characterized by facial flushing, tachycardia, and increased cardiac output. Since endogenous opiates and prostaglandins may be mediators of flushing syndromes, we attempted to block EIF in four Asian flushers with single doses of either the opiate antagonist nalmefene, or the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin. Nonflushers (2 Caucasian, 2 Asian) and four Asian flushers were given on separate days water, ethanol (0.4 g/kg p.o.), ethanol plus nalmefene (2 mg i.v.), or ethanol plus indomethacin (50 mg p.o.). Ethanol concentrations of flushers and nonflushers were similar. Mean (+/- SEM) plasma acetaldehyde concentrations of flushers (28.2 +/- 11.8 microM) were significantly greater than nonflushers (1.4 +/- 0.5 microM) following ethanol ingestion (p less than 0.001). Ethanol alone always induced a significant rise in facial skin temperature [mean area under the curve (AUC) = 5142 +/- 648 % delta T x min, p less than 0.01] and of pulse (mean AUC = 1622 +/- 120 bpm x min, p less than 0.001) in flushers compared to water ingestion. A single dose of nalmefene (2 mg i.v.) but not indomethacin (50 mg p.o.), reduced the mean (+/- SEM) ethanol-induced rise in facial skin temperature of flushers by 58 +/- 14% (p less than 0.05) without changing plasma acetaldehyde concentrations. These data are preliminary evidence that the opiate antagonist, nalmefene, blocks some of the vascular manifestations of EIF without altering the elevated plasma concentrations of acetaldehyde.
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PMID:Opiate antagonist nalmefene inhibits ethanol-induced flushing in Asians: a preliminary study. 306 20

Nicotinic acid (niacin) is a water-soluble vitamin widely used for the treatment of lipid disorders. In pharmacologic doses (1 g or more/day), alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering drugs, nicotinic acid lowers very low-density (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, while concurrently increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. It may reduce long-term mortality in patients with known coronary artery disease and may slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis. A major consideration against using nicotinic acid is the occurrence of frequent, bothersome, adverse reactions such as cutaneous flushing, skin rash, and gastric upset. Careful dosing titration may, however, minimize these effects. The beneficial effects, taken together with the low cost of nicotinic acid therapy and the relative freedom from serious side effects, have made nicotinic acid the agent of choice for the treatment of many patients with hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Nicotinic acid: a review of its clinical use in the treatment of lipid disorders. 267 60

A total of thirty water buffalo cows aged 3 to 8 years were treated for superovulation over the July-October period. Nine of the animals were injected with FSH at the rate of 40 mg at 12-hour intervals in the course of 4 consecutive days, and the remaining 21 animals were injected with 3,000 IU gestyl in the middle of the luteal phase. Forty-eight hours after stimulation started both groups were treated with 500 micrograms cloprostenol. Five out of the 9 buffalo cows (55.5 per cent) of group I and 15 out of 12 buffalo cows (71.4 per cent) of group II manifested estrus at an average interval of 44.4 +/- 3.6 and 40.5 +/- 3.29 hours, respectively, following the application of cloprostenol. The superovulatory treatment of the animals of the two groups led to average values of 5.6 +/- 1.89 and 4.0 +/- 0.98 corpora lutea and 1.0 +/- 0.63 and 2.7 +/- 1.41 follicules larger than 8 mm; 2.6 +/- 1.60 and 2.1 +/- 0.94 embryos of high quality were obtained through the use of a nonsurgical method of flushing.
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PMID:[Superovulation and the production of embryos in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Bulgaria]. 308 26

This study was done to determine whether core-cooling could provide extended cardiopulmonary preservation and if reimplantation could be simulated and evaluated in the ex vivo autoperfused working heart-lung model. Twenty calves were divided into four groups and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and rapidly cooled to 15 degrees C. Control heart and lungs were harvested after administration of cardioplegia through the aortic root and were subsequently resuscitated in the autoperfused working heart-lung circuit (group 1) or were orthotopically allotransplanted (group 2). Preserved heart and lungs were similarly excised but stored in a normal saline solution bath at 4 degrees C for 4 hours and then were resuscitated in the autoperfusion circuit (group 3) or were orthotopically allotransplanted (group 4). All groups received isoproterenol during explantation and reperfusion and were studied for 4 hours. Myocardial function was assessed by sonomicrometric techniques, and pulmonary preservation was evaluated by measurements of extravascular lung water, arterial oxygen tension on 100% inspired oxygen, and pulmonary vascular resistance. Cardiorespiratory function after 4-hour static preservation was similar in all four groups except that the arterial oxygen tension in group 1 was lower compared with group 3. Core-cooling on cardiopulmonary bypass without pulmonary artery flushing results in cold ischemic heart-lung preservation, comparable to other currently used modalities. In addition, reperfusion in the ex vivo autoperfusion circuit provides a simplified model to assess the adequacy of cardiopulmonary preservation techniques.
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PMID:Successful four-hour heart-lung preservation with core-cooling on cardiopulmonary bypass: a simplified model that assesses preservation. 311 45


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