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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 20% solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) was applied to the skin of rats and a biomedical observation of the tissues and sera was made. Flushing with running water was effective for HF burns. By applying 2.5% calcium gluconate jelly, concentrations of fluoride in the urine and the tissues surrounding the injured region were reduced. Thus, the results proved that irrigation with running water and jelly applications were evaluated as the most effective therapy among various methods tested for HF burns.
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PMID:An experimental study on the treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns. 158 4

In order to reduce the operative injury of the endothelium in free reversed vein grafts, cultured human endothelial cells were used to test the optimal concentration of the constituents of a flushing solution for improved protection of the endothelium. The following solution proved to be the most suitable when tested at 20 degrees C; mannitol 160 mmol l-1, glucose 15 mmol l-1, NaCl 30 mmol l-1, KHCO3 5 mmol l-1, K2SO4 10 mmol l-1, KH2PO4 4 mmol l-1, MgSO4 20 mmol l-1, CaCl2 1.5 mmol l-1, potassium citrate 1.0 mmol l-1, Pluronic F-68 20 mg l-1, HEPES 4 mmol l-1, HEPES-Na 6 mmol l-1, pH 7.25, osmolality 325 mosmol kg-1 H2O. When endothelial cell injury was measured by a 51Cr-release assay, the new solution protected human endothelial cells in culture during hypothermic incubation better than isotonic NaCl, St Thomas' cardioplegic solution or Krebs-Henseleit's buffer. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that the endothelium of human saphenous vein grafts was well preserved following 6 h of incubation at 20 degrees C with the new solution. As determined by morphometry using scanning electron microscopy, the endothelium of free porcine vein grafts was better preserved after incubation for 2 h at 20 degrees C with the new solution than with either isotonic NaCl (p = 0.02) or diluted, heparinized blood (p = 0.02) as the incubation medium, all cases observed following 2 h of subsequent arterial flow. The present study indicates that the endothelium of free vein grafts can be well protected against hypothermia when the flushing and irrigation fluid has a composition favouring endothelial protection. It appears likely that such treatment of vein grafts will reduce the frequency of vein graft narrowing and occlusion, post-operatively.
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PMID:A new protective solution for hypothermic storage of free vein grafts in cardiovascular surgery. 158

Over a 3-month period, seven patients in a paediatric oncology unit developed Pseudomonas pickettii septicaemias. The outbreak was difficult to recognize since the cases occurred at widely spaced intervals and problems were experienced with the identification of the isolates. Many of the isolates were initially misidentified on the basis of a short sugar set used in the laboratory for identification of the non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. Moreover, the organisms had varying sensitivity patterns. The source of the organisms proved to be vials of 'sterile' distilled water which had been used for flushing the patients' indwelling Hickman lines. No further cases occurred once the use of this water was discontinued.
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PMID:Pseudomonas pickettii infections in a paediatric oncology unit. 167 23

The eggs of Haemagogus equinus Theobald and Hg. janthinomys Dyar, the first of this genus to be examined with a scanning electron microscope, are described from material collected in Trinidad, West Indies. All surfaces of the eggs are described, including both dorsal and ventral surfaces at the anterior and posterior ends as well as the micropyle and associated apparatus. The dorsal surface, normally attached to the substrate, consists of a dense, hairlike mat of filaments formed from numerous, greatly elongated outer chorionic tubercles. These filaments possibly serve to improve anchorage of the egg as a protection against flushing by rain water or physical removal by predators. The outer chorionic cells on the ventral (upper) surfaces are extremely similar to those of two species of the subgenus Finlaya of Aedes, Ae. albolateralis (Theobald) and Ae. melanopterus (Giles), both collected in Taiwan.
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PMID:Fine structure of the eggs of Haemagogus equinus and Hg. janthinomys (Diptera: Culicidae). 167 85

Felodipine is a dihydropyridine that blocks the slow entry channel for calcium. It is highly vascular selective and reduces blood pressure (BP) by dilatation of peripheral arterioles. It reduces BP in mild, moderate, and severe hypertension, and the fall in BP depends upon the initial level. It has been compared with a variety of other drugs as monotherapy or as add-on therapy. In these studies, felodipine (10-40 mg/day) has caused a similar or greater fall in BP and a similar or greater percentage of patients have achieved a diastolic BP less than or equal to 90 mm Hg. The plain tablet of felodipine needs to be given twice a day but an extended-release form can be given once daily. Some patients respond to 5 mg/day and most patients respond to a daily dose of 20 mg or less. The adverse effects are few except for a constellation of symptoms related to the vasodilator ability of the drug. These include palpitations, flushing, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches. These occur, if at all, usually within the first 2 weeks and diminish as the drug is continued. They can be limited by starting on a small dose of felodipine (5 mg/day). People who have these adverse effects usually have a good response to the drug. Another adverse effect, which is the most frequent reason for drug withdrawal, is ankle edema. This is more common on the higher doses of the drug. It is due to dilatation of the precapillary resistance vessels rather than sodium and water retention. Felodipine is a useful and effective antihypertensive drug and can be used as monotherapy or added to other antihypertensive drugs. It is effective in people with all grades of hypertension.
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PMID:A review of the antihypertensive effects of felodipine alone or in combination. 169 35

Water from dental units (DU), used for cooling and clearing the field of dental operations, is frequently contaminated by microorganisms. Retrograde spread of oral microbes into DU tubuing, contaminated plumbing systems and endogenous DU contamination have been implicated. This study investigated the contribution of DU tubing to this contamination in 11 randomly selected DU. The times required, under standardized conditions, for DU bacterial levels to decrease in response to the flushing caused by DU operation, or increase in response to stagnation caused by shutting down the DU, were measured. The DU tubing was then removed and similarly manipulated. The results showed similar bacterial levels and populations in the DU and their corresponding tubes. Sixteen control samples taken from the connecting plumbing system at distant locations, after periods of stagnation which result in DU bacterial contamination, were negative. This suggests the plumbing, in our system, is not an important factor. Thus, DU can endogenously contaminate the water passing through them; their tubes have the potential to generate similar magnitudes of bacterial contamination to that determined from intact DU. Scanning electron microscopy of the tube lumens showed a biofilm, characterized by microorganisms embedded in an amorphous matrix in all cases. This biofilm could act as a reservoir to facilitate rapid recontamination. Further analysis of the data indicates there could be other contributing factors.
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PMID:Influence of biofilms on microbial contamination in dental unit water. 180 95

As specialized laboratory tests became more widely available, Legionella species were found to be common causes of nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia. Patients with chronic lung disease and organ transplants are at greatest risk. Clinical manifestations are non-specific, although fever greater than 39 degrees C and diarrhea are common. Erythromycin remains the antibiotic of choice, although many alternative agents are available. Once cases are discovered, a search for the organism in water distribution systems and respiratory equipment can be fruitful. Disinfection of water distribution systems by superheating and flushing or by hyperchlorination is feasible.
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PMID:Legionella infection. 185 70

Sterilization with low temperature steam and formaldehyde is a well-known process in many European countries, but little known in the United States. It sterilizes reliably and reproducibly at temperatures greater than or equal to 65 degrees C. With a well-designed cycle, it leaves residues of formaldehyde on sterilized items below 5 micrograms/cm2, measured on a standard filter paper. Formaldehyde levels in air near the autoclave are well below official exposure limits, if at all measurable. Occurrence of late growers in bioindicators, and penetration of the sterilizing media into long narrow lumina, should be validated for new processes. Automated cleaning and disinfection in closed washer-disinfectors and flushing disinfectors are likewise processes relatively little known in the United States. Disinfection is achieved by a final rinse with hot water or steam. Washer-disinfectors are used for surgical instruments, nondisposable anesthesia and other equipment, flushing disinfectors for nondisposable bedpans, wash-bowls, urinals, and similar equipment. They clean well, washer-disinfectors excellently so, and disinfect reliably. With the use of such equipment in wards, surgical departments, and other areas, reliance on chemical germicides can be dramatically reduced and disposables can be replaced by disinfectable nondisposables.
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PMID:New technology for sterilization and disinfection. 192 74

The immersed clo value of a series of 11 marine work suits has been measured using both humans and a thermal manikin. In still water, there is no significant difference in the measurements. Turbulent water significantly reduces the immersed clo value. The manikin errs on the safe side and consistently overestimates this decrement in insulation, and the reasons for this are discussed. Not intended to replace human physiological testing, the manikin is an excellent apparatus for the examination of conditions not easily or ethically possible to represent using humans. A good fitting suit with efficient neck, wrist and ankle closures which reduce flushing of water is essential to make an effective marine work suit.
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PMID:Immersed clo insulation in marine work suits using human and thermal manikin data. 193 55

The efficacy of a dental unit equipped with a system that disinfects and sterilizes the water tubing by flushing with glutaraldehyde was evaluated by inserting Bacillus megaterium spores and Pseudomonas and Moraxella species into the water tubing. Up to 10(8) Pseudomonas and Moraxella organisms were killed during the disinfection cycle, but Bacillus megaterium spores were not. Up to 10(5) spores were eradicated by the sterilization cycle, although the system did not consistently kill 10(8) spores. The water tubing of the new unit was not naturally colonized by water bacteria during an 8-month period prior to the study. Evidence suggested that this was due to antimicrobial activity associated with the plastic tubing; therefore, microbial contamination of new dental units, irrespective of their design, would not be expected, until the inhibitory factor in the plastic tubing has leached out.
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PMID:Evaluation of a dental unit with a built-in decontamination system. 194 48


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