Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We prospectively evaluated infusion-related toxicities in 82 recipients of autologous bone marrow grafts. The grafts were cryopreserved in 10% dimethylsulfoxide and stored in liquid nitrogen. All grafts were concentrated and buffy-coat cells were collected. Forty-seven grafts were treated ex vivo with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) at 100 micrograms/mL; 26 grafts were further processed using density-gradient separation and treated with 4-HC at 60 micrograms/mL. Nine buffy-coat concentrates were frozen without drug treatment. Before infusion, patients were medicated with mannitol, hydrocortisone, and diphenhydramine. Grafts were rapidly thawed and immediately infused without further manipulation. During the infusions, 33 (70%) recipients of treated buffy-coat, 5 (56%) recipients of untreated buffy-coat, and 6 (23%) recipients of density-gradient separated grafts experienced varying symptoms including nausea, abdominal cramping, and flushing. Forced vital capacities for 83% of the recipients of treated buffy-coat concentrates decreased after the graft infusion; six of these patients complained of dyspnea and one patient experienced an acute episode of respiratory decompensation. Decreased heart rates were observed in 98% of the recipients of treated buffy-coat cells with asymptomatic bradycardia occurring in 45%. Forty-five patients (96%) in this group experienced transient hypertension, with 18 (38%) requiring additional medications within 6 hours after the infusion for control of blood pressure. Similar cardiovascular changes were observed in the recipients of untreated buffy-coat concentrates. One recipient of an untreated buffy-coat concentrate had 2 degrees heart block after the graft infusion. Twenty-three (88%) recipients of density-gradient separated grafts had decreased heart rates and 21 (81%) had increased blood pressure. However, the degrees of change were less than those experienced by the recipients of treated buffy-coat cells (P less than .01). Forced vital capacities were not affected by the infusion of the density-gradient separated grafts. No renal failure or obvious hemolytic episodes occurred for any patient group. Minor to moderate toxicities were associated with cryopreserved graft infusions. Recipients of buffy-coat separated grafts, both treated and untreated, experienced more complications than the recipients of density-gradient separated grafts. These toxicities may relate to the volumes of cryoprotectant and cell lysis products infused, which were less for the more highly purified density-gradient separated grafts.
 ...
PMID:Clinical toxicity of cryopreserved bone marrow graft infusion. 229 78

We prospectively evaluated infusion-related toxicities in 70 patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. We studied symptoms, vital signs, forced vital capacities, and serum chemistry changes associated with the infusion. The bone marrow grafts were cryopreserved in 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and stored in liquid nitrogen. All grafts were concentrated by centrifugation and the buffy-coat cells collected. Additionally, 20 grafts had mononuclear cells collected using density-gradients. Before infusion, the patients were medicated with hydration, mannitol, hydrocortisone, and diphenhydramine. The grafts were rapidly thawed and immediately infused without further manipulation. The mean volume infused to patients who received buffy-coat grafts was 6.3 +/- 1.7 ml/kg containing 0.7 +/- 0.2 gm/kg of DMSO. Patients who received density-gradient separated grafts received a product with a volume of 2.9 +/- 1.3 ml/kg containing 0.3 +/- 0.1 gm/kg DMSO. Symptoms included nausea, abdominal cramping, and flushing; patients who received buffy-coat grafts had more complaints. These patients also had mild increases in AST, ALT, and total bilirubin. Forced vital capacities were decreased in this group after the graft infusion; this change was not associated with the infusion of the density-gradient separated products. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.01) in heart rate and blood pressure changes associated with the infusions. Patients who received the larger product had a minimum heart rate of 63.3 +/- 12.4 BPM as compared to 80.7 +/- 18.0 BPM for the other patients. We found minor to moderate toxicities associated with the graft infusions, which were more severe in patients who received buffy-coat grafts. This could have resulted from the greater amounts of DMSO, cell lysis products, or volumes infused.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity of autologous bone marrow graft infusion. 230 99

Using newborn rat calvaria, we determined the effects of oxygen tension on bone cell metabolism in vitro. Halved calvaria were incubated in medium either in air or after flushing nitrogen or oxygen and studied for collagen synthesis, calcium uptake, and DNA content. The percentages of DNA content, radioactive proline count in mg of bone tissue, and radioactive proline count combined with counts of medium and bone tissue in the nitrogen-exposed group were less than those of their pair-matched controls. Percent calcium counts per DNA and calcium uptake per mg of tissue were greater in the nitrogen-exposed group than in the pair-matched controls. In contrast, no difference was found in any measurements in the oxygen-exposed group compared with controls. It is concluded that collagen synthesis, in contrast to proline uptake, is not affected by low oxygen, whereas calcium uptake is greatly enhanced. Furthermore, low oxygen tension exerts a greater effect on bone cell metabolism than does the hyperoxic condition.
 ...
PMID:The effect of oxygen tension on collagen synthesis and calcium uptake in newborn rats' calvaria in vitro. 231 96

The physiologic effects of 12-hour lung preservation were assessed in six mongrel dogs studied for 20 hours after double-lung allograft implantation. Donor animals were pretreated with allopurinol (30 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone (500 mg) intravenously at anesthesia induction. Heart-lung blocks were harvested after cardioplegic arrest, and a simple pulmonary artery flush of 4 degrees C modified Collins' solution was administered at 15 ml/kg/min. The lungs were ventilated with 100% nitrogen during flushing and inflation. Recipient animals received an infusion of deferoxamine (20 mg/kg) during implantation and were pretreated with methylprednisolone (500 mg) intravenously. All six implantations were technically successful. Two animals died of cardiac standstill 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. Gas exchange deteriorated after implantation compared with donor levels but remained in a range compatible with survival, and at 20 hours arterial oxygen tension (FiO2 0.4) was 138 +/- 91 mm Hg. Similar changes were seen in alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients and arterial-alveolar oxygen tension fraction. Elimination of carbon dioxide was satisfactory. Pulmonary venous shunt fraction rose significantly at the end of the study. Hemodynamic changes consisted of a gradual increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and a reduction in cardiac output. Lung mechanics also deteriorated, with a gradual rise in airway resistance and a fall in compliance. The double-lung model allows detailed assessment of the early effects of preservation and may have certain advantages over heart-lung models of preservation. The preservation technique warrants further study.
 ...
PMID:Acute physiologic changes after extended pulmonary preservation. 235 75

Enteral feedings are safely tolerated by most patients. When complications occur, gastrointestinal disturbances are most frequently encountered, followed by mechanical and metabolic complications. Nurses can prevent many of the problems associated with enteral feeding through careful monitoring. Based on the current literature, the authors make the following recommendations: 1. All patients receiving tube feedings should be placed on a protocol that provides guidelines for (a) confirming correct tube placement; (b) preventing/managing tube obstruction; (c) handling and selecting formulas; (d) administering formulas; and (e) monitoring patients. 2. Fine-bore tubes are easily misplaced or dislodged; ensure correct positioning both before and during feeding. Food coloring should be added to all feedings to help detect aspiration/tube displacement. 3. Multiple factors can cause diarrhea in tube-fed patients and, therefore, require periodic assessment. These factors include concomitant drug therapy; malnutrition/hypoalbuminemia; formula-related factors (for example, lactose content, osmolality); and bacterial contamination. 4. Urine sugar and acetone levels should be checked every 6 hours (until stable). Vital signs and fluid intake and output should be determined every 8 hours, and weight should be measured on a daily basis. Serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, and glucose levels should be determined daily, until serum levels stabilize. Weekly measurements of trace elements should be made to ensure adequate mineral replacement. 5. Use a controller pump to administer continuous feedings at a constant rate or to administer formulas that are viscous. Flush feeding tubes with water every 4 hours during continuous feedings, after giving intermittent feedings, after giving medications, and after checking for gastric residuals. If tube obstruction occurs, attempt to irrigate the tube with either water or cola. 6. Select feedings that contain appropriate nutrient sources, caloric density, and osmolality; handle feedings in a way that minimizes bacterial contamination. 7. Ongoing nutritional assessments are necessary to provide information about the overall adequacy of the enteral feeding in restoring or maintaining nutrition.
 ...
PMID:Enteral nutrition. Potential complications and patient monitoring. 249 46

A method for the hydrolysis of peptides and proteins in a hermetically sealed microcapillary tube has been developed. The method is based on the concept that oxidative degradation of labile amino acids during acid hydrolysis of proteins and peptides at high temperature can be reduced to a minimum by limiting the ratio of air to liquid (v/v, less than 1:10) in a microcapillary tube. Furthermore, the physical constraints imposed by the capillary tube will restrict the exposure of the protein solution to air at a very limited area at the meniscus of the liquid. This method eliminates the necessity of time-consuming sealing under vacuum and/or flushing with nitrogen to remove oxygen in the hydrolysis tube. High recovery of labile amino acids can be obtained in a reproducible manner. Because of the simplicity and high reproducibility of the method described, it could be the method of choice for the hydrolysis of protein and peptide intended for quantitative amino acid analysis. Performic acid oxidation is performed at 50 degrees C for 10 min instead of 4 to 20 h at 0 degrees C to achieve an equally good yield of cysteic acid and methionine sulfone from peptides and proteins.
 ...
PMID:Hydrolysis of proteins and peptides in a hermetically sealed microcapillary tube: high recovery of labile amino acids. 261 Mar 54

Ascorbate reversibly inhibits catalase, and this inhibition is enhanced and rendered irreversible by the prior addition of copper(II)-bishistidine. In the absence of copper, the inhibition was prevented and reversed by ethanol, but not by superoxide dismutase, benzoate, mannitol, thiourea, desferrioxamine, or DETAPAC. In the presence of the copper complex mannitol, benzoate, and superoxide dismutase still had no effect, but thiourea, desferrioxamine, DETAPAC, or additional histidine decreased the extent of inactivation to that seen in the absence of copper. In the presence of copper, ethanol protected at [ascorbate] less than 1 mM, but was ineffective at [ascorbate] greater than 2 mM, even in the absence of oxygen. Although in the absence of copper, complete removal of oxygen provided full protection against inactivation by ascorbate, this protection was not seen if the catalase was briefly preincubated with H2O2 prior to flushing with nitrogen, or if copper was present. In fact, if copper was present, inactivation was enhanced by the removal of oxygen. Increasing the concentration of oxygen from ambient to 100% slowed the inactivation, whether or not copper was present. It is concluded that the initial reversible inactivation involves reaction with H2O2 to form compound I, followed by one electron reduction of compound I to compound II. In the presence of added copper, the initial (reversible) inactivation allows H2O2 to accumulate sufficiently to permit irreversible inactivation. Since in the presence of copper oxygen is not required, and neither the reversible nor the irreversible inactivation was prevented by conventional scavengers of active forms of oxygen, the inactivation is likely mediated by semidehydroascorbate, and/or it may involve site-specific generation of the damaging intermediates.
 ...
PMID:Mechanism of the inhibition of catalase by ascorbate. Roles of active oxygen species, copper and semidehydroascorbate. 300 60

Chlorpropamide (CP), a sulfonylurea-type oral hypoglycemic agent, is known to provoke a flushing reaction reminiscent of the disulfiram-ethanol reaction in certain individuals. This is manifested in rodents by an increase in blood acetaldehyde levels after ethanol administration. When the sulfonamide N1-nitrogen of CP was substituted with an ethyl group, the product, N1-ethylchlorpropamide, was found to be three times as active as CP in raising ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde. However, whereas CP lowered fasting blood glucose in rats measured over 6 h, N1-ethylchlorpropamide was devoid of hypoglycemic activity, suggesting that the latter might be potentially useful as an alcohol deterrent agent.
 ...
PMID:A nonhypoglycemic chlorpropamide analog that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. 305 78

Cauda epididymal rat spermatozoa were isolated by flushing the excised epididymis and the plasma membrane was detached by a nitrogen cavitation treatment (500 psi, 10 minutes equilibration at 4 C). Membrane vesicles were recovered after sucrose gradient centrifugation. Portions of the sperm surface releasing the plasma membrane were assessed by light microscopy of fluoroscein isothiocyanate-succinylated concanavalin A-treated spermatozoa and by transmission electron microscopy. Plasma membrane was detached from the region overlying the acrosome from most spermatozoa and from the middle-piece overlying the mitochondria from some cells. Thus, the fraction analyzed was derived from at least two portions of the sperm surface. The fractions from the sucrose density gradient were analyzed for gross chemical composition (phospholipid, protein and sterol) and the protein components were detected after electrophoresis under denaturing conditions; the peak fractions (at density approximately 1.13 g/ml) were judged homogeneous. Replicate analyses of such preparations established mass ratios of protein to phospholipid of 0.63, total sterol to phospholipid of 0.18, and demosterol to cholesterol of 0.32. The molecular composition of the phospholipid fraction was determined to be 10% phosphatidylserine (mole percent), 3% phosphatidylinosital, 3% sphingomyelin, 31% phosphatidylethanolamine, 27% phosphatidylcholine, 10% diphosphatidylglycerol and 5% of an unknown component. Fatty acyl analyses of the phospholipid fraction revealed that approximately 70% of the residues consisted of palmitoyl (16:0) and stearoyl (18:0) acyl groups, with the balance distributed among various unsaturated acyl groups (18:1, 22:3, 22:4 and 22:5); about 40% of the recovered phospholipids represented ether acyl phosphatides. Differences in the lipid composition of rat vesicles described here and similar vesicles isolated from ram and boar spermatozoa (described previously) are discussed. The partitioning of the nitroxyl spin label 3-doxylheptane into vesicles isolated from rat and ram spermatozoa was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at temperatures between 4 C and 26 C; no difference in the response of the spin label in the two vesicle preparations was detected.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of the plasma membrane of rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa. 340 61

The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of frozen-thawed rabbit oocytes to be fertilized in vitro. After superovulation with FSH a total of 1040 oocytes was obtained by puncturing the follicles 6 or 9 h after the injection of LH or by flushing the oviducts 12 h after LH application. 1.5 M dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was used as cryoprotective agent and the oocytes were transferred into 0.25 ml French straws and cooled in a methanol bath to -30 degrees C and transferred to liquid nitrogen. After 1-14 days of storage the oocytes were thawed rapidly in a 15 degrees C water bath and DMSO was diluted in a stepwise manner. Subsequently the oocytes were cultured in Ham's F-10 + 10% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 for 14, 7 and 4 h according to the time of oocyte collection. The survival rates of the oocytes based on morphological criteria were 5.4, 20.0 and 28.8%, respectively. For chromosomal analysis, morphologically intact frozen-thawed oocytes were fixed and stained using the technique described by Tarkowski. In 44 successful chromosomal preparations, 2 of 2, 10 of 19 and 22 of 23 preparations of oocytes collected 6, 9 and 12 h after LH application were in metaphase-II, respectively. Furthermore, the viability of the oocytes was also examined by using fluorescein diacetate. Out of 52 morphologically intact oocytes, 50 showed a positive intracellular fluorescence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Successful in-vitro fertilization of frozen-thawed rabbit oocytes. 355 75


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>