Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) can be used as a non-destructive method for the simultaneous observation of the major phosphate-containing metabolites (ATP, ADP, nucleotide monophosphate, Pi, sugar phosphate) and intracellular pH in isolated rat kidney. The time course of changes in these metabolites and in cellular pH in the ischaemic kidney are examined at two temperatures and in the presence of different flushing media. ATP is rapidly depleted while the pH change is slower and shows biphasic behaviour. Pi production and total nucleotide (ATP and ADP) depletion also occur on the same time-scale as the tissue acidification. The relation of these observations to tissue viability is discussed and the possibility of extending the measurements to human organs is considered.
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PMID:Non-destructive measurement of metabolites and tissue pH in the kidney by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. 4 1

Methods of column switching are described that make possible back-flushing, heart cutting and trapping. Conventional packed columns are employed as pre-columns for their high sample capacity, and glass capillary columns are used as the main columns for their high separation efficiency. Some typical examples of the application of double-column gas chromatography are presented: (1) solvent cutting for identification and exact quantitative determination of a phosphorus ester impurity in a sample of wheat flour (including trapping); (2) separation of trace amounts of methyl esters of fatty acids by means of back-flushing and trapping; (3) enrichment technique using trapping of trace elements in the front section of the capillary (plus solvent cutting, multiple injection and back-flushing); and (4) coupling a nitrogen-selective detector to the capillary main column to gain additional information. To illustrate the trapping effect, the separation number was determined with and without trapping.
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PMID:Double-column gas chromatography using packed pre-columns and glass capillary main columns. 54 47

A 59-year-old male presented with systemic mastocytosis with extensive skeletal involvement resulting in vertebral compression fractures and bone pain. Histomorphometric analysis of bone revealed increased mast cells, elevated static parameters of bone resorption, and low bone formation. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were normal; however, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and osteocalcin levels were low. Histamine levels in plasma and urine were elevated. Following therapy with ketotifen, the patient had resolution of bone pain along with decreased flushing and pruritus. Elevated plasma and urine histamine levels normalized, as did 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and osteocalcin levels. Indices of low bone formation improved on therapy. Eroded surfaces improved but remained elevated. This case is the first demonstration that bone symptoms and histomorphometric change in systemic mastocytosis are reversed with inhibition of mast cell degranulation. The role of mast cells and their products in bone metabolism is poorly understood, but the therapy of bone disease in systemic mastocytosis should include inhibition of the release of mast cell products along with the use of histamine antagonist.
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PMID:Inhibition of mediator release in systemic mastocytosis is associated with reversal of bone changes. 227 Jul 75

While calcium entry blockers have a beneficial influence on the postischemic recovery of the nonhypertrophied heart, their influence on the hypertrophied heart has not been determined. The aim of this study was to assess postischemic recovery of myocardial performance and energy metabolites in rat hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy pretreated either chronically or acutely with verapamil. Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced by suprarenal constriction of the abdominal aorta. Hemodynamics and phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectra were monitored simultaneously in the isolated hearts during control perfusion, after 30 minutes of global ischemia, and after 30 minutes of reperfusion. All hypertrophied hearts had significantly higher rate-pressure products than normal hearts. Compared with normal hearts, oxygen consumption was significantly lower in all hypertrophied hearts, especially untreated hypertrophied hearts. Also, before ischemia all normal or hypertrophied hearts (treated or untreated) began with comparable phosphorylation potentials (i.e., the supply of energy was not significantly different). Postischemic recovery was not related to energy supply-oxygen demand before onset of ischemia. Furthermore, it was not related to energy levels or intracellular pH during ischemia. For postischemic recovery, the rate-pressure product was 40 +/- 5% in the hypertrophied heart, 83 +/- 5% in the normal, 100 +/- 3% in the hypertrophied heart chronically treated with verapamil, and 82 +/- 5% in the hypertrophied heart acutely treated with verapamil. The degree of recovery was related to coronary flow both before and after ischemia. The latter is important for flushing deleterious metabolites and ions from the interstitial space as well as for delivery of oxygen and substrate to the myocardium.
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PMID:Verapamil preserves myocardial performance and energy metabolism in left ventricular hypertrophy following ischemia and reperfusion. Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. 253 75

Acute cardiovascular and renal effects of 25 micrograms IV human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) have been studied in four normotensive and untreated subjects, in the absence and the presence of indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis-blocking agent. Intravenous infusion of hCGRP, alone, caused a transient but significant increase in heart rate (HR), hypotension, and facial flushing. Along with these effects, a positive inotropic action of hCGRP was documented by a noninvasive poligraphy. Furthermore, a significant increase in the catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine), in the cyclic nucleotide (cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP) plasma levels, and a small decrease in total calcium with no change in inorganic phosphorus serum levels, occurred. Also acute renal hCGRP induced effects were observed, as a significant increase in urinary volume and in the urinary calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion. Indomethacin did not affect all the cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal hCGRP-induced effects. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that hCGRP acts on the heart, vessels, and kidney, directly or indirectly, by the mediation of other vasodilating agents or systems excluding the prostaglandin system.
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PMID:Acute cardiovascular and renal effects of human calcitonin gene-related peptide. 278 56

The composition of a precipitate obtained from a silastic right atrial catheter was determined. The precipitate was collected and washed with deionized water thoroughly before subjecting portions of it to organic and inorganic analysis. Inorganic analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray spectroscopy for sodium, aluminum, silicone, sulfur, chlorine, and calcium. Phosphorus analysis was conducted by a commercial laboratory. Organic analysis was conducted by thin layer chromatography with cholesterol, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingomyelin as standards. Silicone, calcium, and phosphorus and three organic compounds, which could not be conclusively identified, were found. The precipitate was most likely calcium phosphate intermixed with silicone oil lubricant and residual total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution. This formed in the catheter at body temperature probably due to incomplete catheter flushing.
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PMID:Precipitate analysis from an indwelling total parenteral nutrition catheter. 312 64

Crystalline nicotinic acid (immediate-release niacin) is effective therapy for lipoprotein regulation and cardiovascular risk reduction. However, inconvenient regimens and unpleasant side effects decrease compliance. Sustained-release formulations designed to circumvent these difficulties increase hepatotoxicity. Niaspan, a new US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, once-daily, extended-release form, has been found effective and safe in short-term trials. The long-term efficacy and safety of Niaspan lipid monotherapy was studied in 517 patients (aged 21-75 years) for < or =96 weeks in dosages < or =3,000 mg/day. Primary efficacy endpoints were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apo B) changes from baseline; secondary efficacy endpoints were changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio; safety data included adverse events and laboratory values over the 2-year study period. LDL-cholesterol levels decreased significantly: 18% at week 48 and 20% at week 96; apo B reduction was similar (16% decrease at week 48 and 19% at week 96). Large elevations in HDL cholesterol (26%, week 48; 28%, week 96) allowed only modest decreases in total cholesterol (12% and 13%, respectively), whereas total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio decreased by almost one third. Triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels were decreased by 27% and 30%, respectively (week 48), and by 28% and 40%, respectively (week 96). All changes from baseline were significant (p <0.001). Niaspan was generally well tolerated, although flushing was common (75%); however, there was a progressive decrease in flushing with time from 3.3 episodes in the first month to < or = 1 episode by week 48. Aspirin was used by one third of patients before Niaspan dosing to minimize flushing episodes. Although serious adverse events occurred in about 10% of patients, none were considered probably or definitely related to Niaspan. Adverse events in general varied widely, but their true relation to the study drug is difficult to ascertain without a placebo (control) group. No deaths occurred. There were statistically significant changes in hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, phosphorus, glucose, amylase, and uric acid. However, these changes were mostly small and are not likely to be biologically or clinically significant (the decrease in phosphorus is a new finding in niacin therapy). No myopathy was observed. Thus, this long-term study confirms the earlier short-term findings that Niaspan is safe and effective as monotherapy in plasma lipoprotein regulation.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of an extended-release niacin (Niaspan): a long-term study. 991 66

A novel strategy for in situ water bloom control was applied and evaluated in Lake Senba. The proposed strategy was to integrate ultrasonic radiation and water jet circulation to an existing flushing process for reducing the growth rate of cyanobacteria and to support the flushing process by providing efficient mixing. Ten units of the system, each consisting of an ultrasonication module and a water jet circulator module, were strategically situated on the lake, and the performance was monitored for 2 years. Water bloom occurrence reflected as chlorophyll a, SS, and transparency were controlled to lower levels when the integrated system was coupled with sufficient inflow water supply to achieve the target flushing rate. Also, an improvement in the water quality such as COD and phosphorus were observed. Based on linear regression analysis, relationships between water quality parameters and inflow water volume were discussed to evaluate the proposed strategy. Of the three major water quality parameters associated with water bloom, the integrated system contributed mainly to the reduction in SS and transparency compared to chlorophyll a reduction. Improved chlorophyll a reduction may be achieved by strategies that augment effective washout of cyanobacteria during flushing.
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PMID:In situ algal bloom control by the integration of ultrasonic radiation and jet circulation to flushing. 1177 76

Swine waste is commonly treated in the USA by flushing into an anaerobic lagoon and subsequently applying to land. This natural system type of application has been part of agricultural practice for many years. However, it is currently under scrutiny by regulators. An alternate natural system technology to treat swine wastewater may be constructed wetland. For this study we used four wetland cells (11 m width x 40 m length) with a marsh-pond-marsh design. The marsh sections were planted to cattail (Typha latifolia, L.) and bulrushes (Scirpus americanus). Two cells were loaded with 16 kg N ha(-1) day(-1) with a detention of 21 days. They removed 51% of the added N. Two additional cells were loaded with 32 kg ha(-1) day(-1) with 10.5 days detention. These cells removed only 37% of the added N. However, treatment operations included cold months in which treatment was much less efficient. Removal of N was moderately correlated with the temperature. During the warmer periods removal efficiencies were more consistent with the high removal rates reported for continuous marsh systems--often > than 70%. Phosphorus removal ranged from 30 to 45%. Aquatic macrophytes (plants and floating) assimilated about 320 and 35 kg ha(-1), respectively of N and P.
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PMID:Treatment of swine wastewater in marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetlands. 1180 47

Wetland construction on agricultural or dairy lands could result in solubilization of phosphorus (P) stored in soils and release to the water column. To study the extent of P flux during the start-up period of a constructed wetland, intact soil-cores from areas used for dairy operations, in Okeechobee, Florida, USA were obtained and flooded with adjacent creek water. In the first 28-day hydraulic-retention period, P concentration in the water column increased several fold due to rapid P flux from impacted soils. A continuous decrease in P flux to the water column until the third hydraulic retention cycle (initial influent P concentration 0.2 mgL(-1)), and constant thereafter suggest that the effect of initial influent P upon long-term P flux from soils could be limited. The initial release maybe due to high concentration of labile P in impacted soils; however, slow dissolution of relatively stable P pools could maintain a steady flux, well above of that observed from non-impacted soils. Water soluble P along with double acid-extractable magnesium explained 76% of the variability in cumulative P flux to the water column. Apparently, co-occurrence of active adsorption-desorption phenomena due to independent maintenance of equilibrium by individual P compounds regulates P dynamics of the water column. The results indicated that equilibrium P concentration of the water column of the wetland would be above 1.3 mgL(-1), which is well above the targeted P level in the water column of the Lake Okeechobee, one of the main water bodies in the area (0.04 mg PL(-1)). This suggests construction of wetlands in agricultural lands could result to substantial internal P loading. However, preventative measures including chemical amendments, establishment of vegetative communities or flushing the initially released P may potentially stabilize the system, and maintain P removal efficiency.
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PMID:Potential internal loading of phosphorus in a wetland constructed in agricultural land. 1255 71


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