Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human volunteers were given a small dose of ethanol (0.25 g/kg body weight) after pretreatment with either calcium carbimide (50 mg) or a placebo according to a crossover design. Calcium carbimide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, caused intense facial flushing and a pronounced rise in the concentration of acetaldehyde in breath. At 15-min intervals throughout the experiment, breath-ethanol concentrations were determined both by gas chromatography (GC) (specific method) and by infrared (IR) spectrometry with an Intoxilyzer model 4011 breath-alcohol analyzer. The results with these two independent methods of analysis were compared in experiments with and without calcium carbimide pretreatment. The regression equations relating breath-ethanol determinations by GC and IR methods in the two test situations were not significantly different. The elevated breath concentrations of acetaldehyde associated with a drug-alcohol flush reaction do not invalidate the use of infrared breath-alcohol devices for evidential purposes.
 ...
PMID:Drug-alcohol flush reaction and breath acetaldehyde concentration: no interference with an infrared breath alcohol analyzer. 372 77

A patient with the midgut carcinoid syndrome with severe diarrhoea and proven hypersecretion of serotonin (5-HT) was treated with low doses of verapamil perorally. During treatment the patient was completely relieved of diarrhoea but discrete facial flushing persisted during treatment. When treatment was cessated, diarrhoeas recurred. This patient underwent pentagastrin (PG) provocation repeatedly; during untreated conditions injection of PG released 5-HT, detectable in peripheral venous blood. Such release was abolished during verapamil treatment, but recurred after withdrawal of the drug. Surgical biopsies from this tumour were studied in two experimental models: cell suspensions and heterotransplants grown in the anterior eye-chamber of immunosuppressed rats. Release of 5-HT from the cell suspensions was elicited in a dose-dependent manner after stimulation with isoprenaline (IP) suggesting activation of beta-adrenoceptors on the tumour cells. Such release was reduced after pretreatment with verapamil indicating a calcium dependent mechanism. Intraocular tumour transplants also responded with release of 5-HT into the chamber fluid after conjunctival application of IP. However, pretreatment of the rats with verapamil significantly reduced the IP-stimulated release of 5-HT.
 ...
PMID:Verapamil and diarrhoea in the carcinoid syndrome--clinical and experimental observations on serotonin release. 374 62

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been localized in cardiac nerve fibers and blood vessels from which it may be released as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. Acute cardiovascular effects of i.v. administered CGRP have been studied in human subjects. CGRP (25.3 nmol) caused a mean maximal increase of the heart rate of 41 beats per min (P less than 0.01) and lowered arterial systolic and diastolic pressures by 26 mm Hg and 20 mm Hg, respectively (P less than 0.01) (n = 6 subjects). These effects were associated with facial flushing, and a rise of plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine of 257 pg/ml and 9 pg/ml, respectively (P less than 0.01). Administration of equimolar amounts of human calcitonin caused no cardiovascular effects except for minor facial flushing. Serum calcium was marginally lowered with both CGRP (0.2 mg/100 ml) and calcitonin (0.4 mg/100 ml) (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, CGRP (12.7 nmol) reduced the preejection period and duration of the electromechanical systole by 26 msec and 66 msec, respectively (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01), presumably acting as positive inotropic agent. Labetalol, blocking adrenergic receptors, obliterated these inotropic effects, whereas the positive chronotropic and hypotensive actions of CGRP remained unchanged.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular action of calcitonin gene-related peptide in humans. 393 76

Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bepridil, a new calcium antagonist, in the treatment of ventricular extrasystoles and tachycardia. The electrophysiological properties of bepridil especially the lengthening of the atrial effective refractory period, would also suggest an antiarrhythmic effect at the supraventricular level. This effect was studied on 33 episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) occurring in 23 patients (6 men and 17 women, mean age 58.1 years; range 18 to 88 years). Bepridil was given intravenously over 5 minutes at a dose of 3 mg/kg. The duration of SVT before administration was less than 1 hour in 10 cases, between 1 and 2 hours in 8 cases and over 2 hours in 15 cases. Sinus rhythm was successfully restored in 25 cases: within 1 to 5 minutes in 19 cases, 6 to 10 minutes in 3 cases and 11 to 30 minutes in 3 cases. In 24 of the 25 cases sinus rhythm was restored without a prolonged pause (over 2 sec) after the termination of SVT; in 3 cases intermediary atrial fibrillation lasting 1, 3 and 9 minutes was observed. There were no side-effects in 26 cases; transient flushing was noted in 5 cases and vagal symptoms in 2 cases. Haemodynamic tolerance judged by blood pressure measurements excellent in all cases. The correlations between plasma concentrations of bepridil and success or failure were poor. In conclusion, bepridil is a valuable alternative to adenosine triphosphate which may induce an exaggerated vagal response and to verapamil whose negative inotropic effects may sometimes be a serious disadvantage in the reduction of paroxysmal SVT.
 ...
PMID:[Bepridil in the treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardias]. 393 62

Fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, 22 males and 29 females with a mean age of 51 (range, 28 to 65 years), were studied for more than 12 months in a controlled clinical trial with nitrendipine, a new calcium antagonist agent. No differences in age, severity of hypertension, and other risk factors between the two sexes were detected. Forty-four of 51 patients completed the study, and 38 (86.4%) achieved a normalization of blood pressure. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 196.0 +/- 12.9 mm Hg (means +/- SD) during placebo to 171.2 +/- 9.5 mm Hg (12.6%, p less than 0.001) after 12 months. Mean diastolic blood pressure at the same time decreased from 109.0 +/- 5.2 mm Hg to 88.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (18.8%, p less than 0.001). Heart rate also decreased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.01) after the fifth week. A significant change in weight was not observed throughout the trial. Plasma potassium remained unchanged during the year, and plasma sodium after a transient increase (p less than 0.001) in the fifth week returned very close to basal levels in the sixth month. Side-effects were observed in 17 patients, 5 of whom had to leave the trial, but in the rest they were usually mild and transient. These were mainly frontal and occipital headache, facial flushing, ankle and pretibial oedema, and dizziness. No relationship was detected between side-effects and body weight or plasma sodium disturbances. Preliminary data on a separate group of 27 elderly patients (66-83 years) showed a better and faster effect of nitrendipine given in low doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Clinical experience with long-term nitrendipine treatment in essential hypertension. 608 73

The safety, tolerability and efficacy of PN 200-110, a new calcium antagonist with minimal negative inotropic effects, were studied in twelve patients with stable angina pectoris and coronary artery disease. The study design was single-blind and placebo-controlled and increasing doses of the drug were used on consecutive days to investigate a dose response relationship. Eleven patients completed the trial. Response to the drug was evaluated using symptom limited cycle ergometric exercise. PN 200-110 in all three tested doses of 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg significantly increased the resting heart rate (p less than 0.02) and the exercise time to the onset of angina pectoris (p less than 0.02). Doses above 2.5 mg did not appear to improve the exercise parameters evaluated. Four patients had side effects probably due to PN 200-110 but these were mild and included dizziness, headache and flushing. There were no abnormal results from haematological and biochemical screening or from urine testing. We conclude that PN 220-110 can be given safely to patients with coronary artery disease without producing deleterious effects on blood pressure either at rest or during exercise.
 ...
PMID:Safety, tolerability and efficacy of PN 200-110, a new calcium antagonist in patients with angina and coronary heart disease. 624 Apr 5

The effect of histamine on parathyroid function was studied in two patients. 2.75 mg histamine phosphate administered intravenously over 120 minutes induced the well known clinical effects such as facial flushing, fall in blood pressure and increase in heart rate. But the serum calcium concentration, serum immunoreactive parathormone concentration, urinary excretion of cAMP and tubular phosphate reabsorption did not change significantly. It is concluded that stimulation of histamine receptors does not play an important role in the regulation of parathyroid activity.
 ...
PMID:Histamine and parathyroid activity. 632 33

Treatment for 2 days with disulfiram (3.5 mg/kg once daily) and calcium carbimide (0.7 mg/kg twice daily) in social drinkers produced, as compared to controls, similar blood ethanol values, 2- to 3-fold increases in blood acetaldehyde, respectively, and increased heart rate, pulse pressure, skin temperature, and flushing following 0.15 g/kg of ethanol taken 12 hr after the last drug administration. Peak blood acetaldehyde concentration was greater for calcium carbimide compared to disulfiram (p less than 0.05) and subjects treated with calcium carbimide experienced greater discomfort compared to disulfiram due to palpitations and shortness of breath, and they reported less intention to drink during the reaction. However, neither drug produced sufficient aversion to curtail further drinking totally. With repeated drinks, there was an overall reduction of blood acetaldehyde concentration for calcium carbimide of 85% and for disulfiram of 35%. These data may provide a biochemical basis for the claims of certain alcoholics that they can drink to "burn off" the effects of these drugs.
 ...
PMID:A placebo-controlled double-blind comparative clinical study of the disulfiram- and calcium carbimide-acetaldehyde mediated ethanol reactions in social drinkers. 634 21

VIP containing nerves are present in the kidney and plasma VIP levels are elevated in cardiac failure and severe liver disease. We studied the effects of intravenous VIP; 6 pmol kg-1 min-1 on 6 normal subjects and 3 patients with liver disease. In normal subjects VIP produced flushing and significant rises in heart rate and pulse pressure but the clearance rates of paraaminohippurate and creatinine did not change significantly. Urine flow fell to about 1/3 and the rate of excretion of electrolytes (except phosphate) fell to about a half of control values. Plasma renin activity rose about 3-fold and there were significant rises in haematocrit and the plasma concentrations of solids, calcium and phosphate. The patients with liver disease responded similarly. Elevated plasma VIP could contribute to salt and water retention in disease states.
 ...
PMID:Renal function during vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) infusions in normal man and patients with liver disease. 638 98

A patient with symptomatic urticaria pigmentosa who responded to nifedipine therapy is reported. Relief from cold-induced urtication and flushing was obtained with 10 mg taken orally three times daily. Calcium influx is an early step in the degranulation of mast cells. We hypothesize that the beneficial effect of nifedipine was due to calcium-channel blockade causing elevation of the mast cell threshold for degranulation.
 ...
PMID:Urticaria pigmentosa responsive to nifedipine. 649 Oct


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>