UMLS:C0016382 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently much interests have focused on the imbalance between the release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), which may contribute to the development of pulmonary vascular injury. TXB2 has potents of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, while PGI2 has against in its activities. We investigated the effect of new PGI2 analogue (ONO-1301), which is a novel prostacyclin mimetic with inhibitory activity against thromboxane synthetase, on the early graft function in canine left single lung allotransplantation model. 19 donor dogs were divided into three groups. Seven dogs were comprised control group and received heparin administration (400 Unit/kg) before pulmonary arterial flushing with 50 ml/kg of 4 degrees C low potassium dextran glucose (LPDG) solution. Each six dogs were comprised I2-10 and I2-50 groups respectively, with receiving a 10-minute infusion of ONO-1301 (10 micrograms/kg/min) before flushing. The pulmonary cold preservation was performed with LPDG solution at 4 degrees C for 18 hours. After left single lung transplantation, in control group, saline solution was administered to the recipient for 10 minutes encompassing the reperfusion process (starting from 5 minutes prior to reperfusion). In I2-10 group, the ONO-1301 (10 micrograms/kg/min) was administered in the same manner. In I2-50 group, the ONO-1301 was administered from the same timing as I2-10 group, but for 50 minutes. The recipient dogs were observed for 6 hours after ligation of the right pulmonary artery and bronchus. We measured the transplanted lung function, including arterial blood gas and pulmonary hemodynamics, and plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2 and lipid peroxide levels of left atrial blood. Pulmonary histological investigation was performed after preservation and sacrifice the recipient dog. All recipient dogs were survived for observation period. I2 groups provided significantly better gas exchange and pulmonary hemodynamics than control group. The 6-keto-PGF alpha levels in control group peaked after an early rise in TXB2 levels, and reached maximum at one hour after contra-lateral ligations. These prostanoid release levels rose again at 6 hours. While in I2 groups, the levels of them were significantly lower compared with control group. Histological examination of the transplanted lung after assessment, revealed disruption of alveoli forced by pulmonary edema in control group. In contrast, there was minimal fluid extravasation without alveolar disruption in both I2-10 and I2-50 groups. There were no significant differences between I2-10 and I2-50 groups. Although it dose not protect the implanted lung completely from developing edema, the ONO-1301 administration (10 micrograms/kg/min) to the donor and the recipient resulted in prevention of TXA2 and PGI2 release and improvement of the respiratory function and pulmonary hemodynamics after reperfusion. We conclude that it seems beneficial to administer the ONO-1301 to the donor and the recipient in order to regulate the prostanoid release and maintain the early graft function.
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PMID:[Beneficial effect of a stable PGI2 analogue (ONO-1301) on prostanoid release after reperfusion in canine left single lung allotransplantation model]. 945 4

Pacific herring Clupea pallasi populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, declined from an estimated 9.8 x 10(7) kg in 1992 to 1.5 x 10(7) kg in 1994. To determine the role of disease in population decline, 233 Pacific herring from Prince William Sound were subjected to complete necropsy during April 1994. The North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from 11 of 233 fish (4.7%). VHSV was significantly related to myocardial mineralization, hepatocellular necrosis, submucosal gastritis, and meningoencephalitis. Ichthyophonus hoferi infected 62 of 212 (29%) fish. I. hoferi infections were associated with severe, disseminated, granulomatous inflammation and with increased levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). I. hoferi prevalence in 1994 was more than double that of most previous years (1989 to 1993). Plasma chemistry values significantly greater (p < 0.01) in males than females included albumin, total protein, cholesterol, chloride, glucose, and potassium; only alkaline phosphatase was significantly greater in females. Hypoalbuminemia was relatively common in postspawning females; other risk factors included VHSV and moderate or severe focal skin reddening. Pacific herring had more than 10 species of parasites, but they were not associated with significant lesions. Two of the parasites have not previously been described: a renal intraductal myxosporean (11% prevalence) and an intestinal coccidian (91% prevalence). Transmission electron microscopy of a solitary mesenteric lesion revealed viral particles consistent with lymphocystis virus. No fish had viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN). Prevalence of external gross lesions and major parasites was not related to fish age, and fish that were year-lings at the time of the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill (1988 year class) had no evidence of increased disease prevalence.
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PMID:Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Ichthyophonus hoferi, and other causes of morbidity in Pacific herring Clupea pallasi spawning in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. 967 59

In lung transplantation, the safety period of the ischemic time of the graft is within 6 hours. Because of the problem of donor shortage, it is essential to extend the safety period of the preservation time of the donor lung. However, the longer the preservation time is, the more severe is the resulting ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of initial controlled perfusion pressure in the reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury in a 24-hour preserved lung. Japanese white rabbit lungs were flushed with a low-potassium dextran solution (4C, 500 ml) after injection of prostaglandin E1 (20 microgram, bolus via PA) and submersed in the same solution for 24 hours at 4C. After preservation, the left lung was reperfused using an extracorporeal lung perfusion model which comprised of a closed circuit combined with a membrane deoxygenator. Assessment of lung function included gas analysis of influent and effluent blood and mean pulmonary artery perfusion pressure. Then the lung wet/dry weight ratio was calculated. In group I of the control group (n=6), the left lung was reperfused immediately following flushing (without preservation) at a flow rate of 50 ml/min for 60 minutes. In groups II and III, grafts were stored for 24 hours. In group II, grafts (n=6) were reperfused at a flow rate of 50 ml/min for 60 minutes. In group III (n =6), the flow rate was controlled by maintaining the perfusion pressure below 30 mmHg during the initial 5 minutes and was increased to 50 ml/min for the subsequent 60 minutes. In group II, the mean pulmonary artery pressure during perfusion increased rapidly, and oxygenation deteriorated. All grafts developed pulmonary edema within 12 minutes after reperfusion. Examination of the specimen revealed that the peripheral lung was not perfused. In group III, the mean pulmonary artery perfusion pressure was maintained below 30 mmHg, and oxygenation was preserved sufficiently throughout the experiment (delta PO2 > 100 mmHg) with no significant difference from control values. In conclusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury of the 24-hour preserved lung was attenuated prominently by controlling initial perfusion pressure for 5 minutes.
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PMID:Efficacy of initial controlled perfusion pressure for ischemia-reperfusion injury in a 24-hour preserved lung. 1007 64

In adults the calcium antagonist amlodipine given once a day has proved to be an attractive addition to the antihypertensive armamentarium. The present report describes our experience in 43 paediatric outpatients (26 boys and 17 girls, aged between 1.1 and 19, median 9.8 years) with chronic kidney diseases. The patients were given amlodipine for 16 weeks as part of their antihypertensive treatment. Before amlodipine arterial pressure was 150 (142-163)/90 (84-95) mm Hg (median and interquartile range). Six patients withdrew from amlodipine because of oedema, flushing or headache. In the remaining patients amlodipine 7.7 (6.9-9.4) mg/m(2) body surface area once a day significantly decreased arterial pressure by 17 (13-22)/10 (7-13) mm Hg. The efficacy of amlodipine was more pronounced in girls than in boys. No changes in heart rate, body weight and circulating haemoglobin, sodium, potassium and creatinine were noted. In none of the patients circulating potassium, sodium or creatinine changed by more than 0.5 mmol/l, 5 mmol/l respectively 20%. In 11 patients concomitantly treated with cyclosporine the dosage and the trough-level of this agent were stable throughout the trial. In conclusion the present experience in paediatric outpatients with chronic kidney diseases supports the view that amlodipine is an effective and rather well tolerated antihypertensive drug when given once a day.
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PMID:Antihypertensive efficacy of amlodipine in children with chronic kidney diseases. 1143 13

In-situ oxidation of dense nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) by strong oxidants such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has been proposed as a possible DNAPL remediation strategy. In this study, we investigated the effects of in-situ trichloroethene (TCE) oxidation by KMnO4 on porous medium hydraulic properties. In particular, we wanted to determine the overall effects of concurrent solid phase (MnO2) precipitation, gas (CO2) evolution and TCE dissolution resulting from the oxidation reaction on the porous medium's aqueous-phase relative permeability, krw. Three TCE removal experiments were conducted in a 95-cm long, 5.1-cm i.d. glass column, which was homogeneously packed with well-characterized 30/40-mesh silica sand. TCE was emplaced in the sand-pack in residual, entrapped form through a sequence of water/TCE imbibition and drainage steps. The column was then flushed under constant aqueous flux conditions for up to 104 h with either deionized water (reference experiment), deionized water containing 5 mM KMnO4 or deionized water containing 5 mM KMnO4 and 300 mM Na2HPO4. Aqueous-phase relative permeabilities were computed from measured flow rates and measurements of aqueous-phase pressure head, h obtained using pressure transducers connected to tensiometers distributed along the column length. A dual-energy gamma radiation system was used to monitor changes in fluid saturation that occurred during each experiment. In addition, column effluent samples were collected for chemical analyses. Dissolution of TCE during deionized water flushing led to an increase in krw by approximately 22% and a local reduction in h. On the other hand, vigorous CO2 gas production and precipitation of MnO2 was visually observed during flushing with deionized water that contained 5 mM KMnO4. As a consequence, krw declined by approximately 96% and h increased locally by more than 1000 cm H2O during the first 24 h of the experiment, causing sand-pack ruptures and pump failure. Conversely, less CO2 gas production and MnO2 precipitation was visually observed during flushing with deionized water that contained 5 mM KMnO4 and 300 mM Na2HPO4. Consequently, only small increases in h (< 15 cm H2O) were observed in this experiment due to a reduction in krw of approximately 53%. While we must attribute changes in h due to variations in krw to our specific experimental design (constant aqueous flux, one-dimensional flow experiments), these experiments nevertheless confirm that successful application of in situ chemical oxidation of TCE requires consideration of detrimental processes such as MnO2 precipitation and CO2 gas formation. In addition, our results indicate that utilization of a buffered oxidant solution may improve the effectiveness of in-situ oxidation of TCE by KMnO4 in otherwise weakly buffered porous media.
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PMID:In-situ oxidation of trichloroethene by permanganate: effects on porous medium hydraulic properties. 1147 62

The purpose of the work was to establish a reliable procedure for blood sampling from central venous catheters with a minimal loss of blood. Based on previous studies of potassium measurements, the routine procedure had been to discard 12 ml of blood. In order to clear the catheter from substances from the infusion including potassium, the catheters were first flushed with 5 ml of saline. Repeated samples in fractions of 3 ml for hematological analyses (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma; seven patients), coagulation tests (citrate plasma; seven patients) and for serum measurements (eight patients) showed that a discarded volume of 3 ml corresponding to at least six times the dead-space of the catheters was sufficient after initial flushing with saline.
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PMID:Blood sampling for biochemical analysis from central venous catheters: minimizing the volume of discarded blood. 1193 88

Rosacea is a multiphasic disease which is associated with flushing, erythrosis, papulopustular rosacea and phymas; each phase is likely to have its own treatment. Flushing is better prevented rather than treated, and its etiology investigated. Beta-blockers, atenolol in particular, are worthy of prophylactic trials examining their efficacy in treating the flushing associated with rosacea. Currently, clonidine is the only drug available for the treatment of flushing. Treatment for erythrosis includes topical and systemic therapies. Metronidazole 1% cream and azelaic acid 20% cream have been reported to reduce the severity score of erythema. The systemic treatment of erythrosis is based on the association of Helicobacter pylori with rosacea. However, this role is still being debated. Eradication of H. pylori can be achieved using a triple therapy regimen lasting 1 to 2 weeks [omeprazole and a combination of two antibacterials (a choice from clarithromycin, metronidazole or amoxicillin)]. Both the flashlamp-pumped long-pulse dye laser and the potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser may be used in the treatment of facial telangiectases. Both systemic and topical remedies may be used to treat the papulopustules of rosacea. Systemic treatment includes metronidazole, doxycycline, minocycline, clarithromycin and isotretinoin, while topical treatment is based on metronidazole cream and gel. The presence of Demodex folliculorum is important in the inflammatory reaction, whether it is pathogenetic or not. Crotamiton 10% cream or permethrin 5% cream may be useful medications for papulopustular rosacea, although they are rarely successful in eradicating D. folliculorum. Oral or topical ivermectin may also be useful in such cases. Ocular involvement is common in patients with cutaneous rosacea and can be treated with orally administered or topical antibacterials. Once rhinophyma starts to be evident, the only way to correct it is by aggressive dermatosurgical procedures. Decortication and various types of lasers can also be used. Associated conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis and possible contact sensitizations, deserve attention.
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PMID:The management of rosacea. 1218 Aug 96

Although potassium permanganate (KMnO4) flushing is commonly used to destroy chlorinated solvents in groundwater, many of the problems associated with this treatment scheme have not been examined in detail. We conducted a KMnO4 flushing experiment in a large sand-filled flow tank (L x W x D = 180 cm x 60 cm x 90 cm) to remove TCE emplaced as a DNAPL in a source zone. The study was specifically designed to investigate cleanup progress and problems of pore plugging associated with the dynamics of the solid-phase reaction front (i.e., MnO2) using chemical and optical monitoring techniques. Ambient flow through the source zone formed a plume of dissolved TCE across the flow tank. The volume and concentration of TCE plume diminished with time because of the in situ oxidation of the DNAPL source. The migration velocity of the MnO2 reaction front decreased with time, suggesting that the kinetics of the DNAPL oxidation process became diffusion-controlled because of the pore plugging. A mass balance calculation indicated that only approximately 18% of the total applied KMnO4 (MnO4- = 1250 mg/ L) participated in the oxidation reaction to destroy approximately 41% of emplaced TCE. Evidently, the efficiency of KMnO4 flushing scheme diminished with time due to pore plugging by MnO2 and likely CO2, particularly in the TCE source zone. In addition, the excess KMnO4 used for flushing may cause secondary aquifer contamination. One needs to be concerned about the efficacy of KMnO4 flushing in the field applications. Development of a new approach that can provide both contaminant destruction and plugging/ MnO4- control is required.
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PMID:Destruction efficiencies and dynamics of reaction fronts associated with the permanganate oxidation of trichloroethylene. 1283 Oct 41

A laboratory study was conducted to examine cosolvent-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of perchloroethylene (PCE) using potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The conceptual basis for this new technique is to enhance permanganate oxidation of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) with the addition of a cosolvent, thereby increasing DNAPL solubility while avoiding mobilization. Among 17 cosolvent candidates screened, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) and acetone were the most stable in the presence of KMnO4, both of which increased PCE aqueous solubility significantly, and therefore are suitable to be used as cosolvent in this study. Batch experiments indicated that the second-order rate constant for PCE oxidation by potassium permanganate was 0.043+/-0.002 M(-1) s(-1) in the purely aqueous (no cosolvent) solution. In the presence of 20% cosolvent (volume fraction=fc=0.2), the rate constant decreased to 0.036+/-0.003 M(-1) s(-1) with TBA and to 0.031+/-0.002 M(-1) s(-1) with acetone. However, in the presence of free-phase PCE, chloride ion concentration from PCE oxidation in acetone/water solutions (fc=0.2) was about twice that in aqueous solutions, indicating that the increase in PCE solubility more than compensated for the decrease in reaction rate constant, such that the oxidation efficiency of PCE was increased with cosolvent. A complete chlorine mass balance was observed in the aqueous system, whereas approximately 70% was obtained in TBA/water or acetone/water (fc=0.2). In soil columns containing residual DNAPL and subjected to isocratic flushing with step-wise increases in f(c) cosolvent, TBA at fc=0.2 resulted in PCE mobilization, whereas acetone at fc<or=0.5 did not. Therefore, although both TBA and acetone exhibit similar solubility enhancements, acetone may be a better solvent choice for use in in-situ remediation of DNAPL source zones.
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PMID:Cosolvent-enhanced chemical oxidation of perchloroethylene by potassium permanganate. 1622 23

The flushing and telangiectasias associated with rosacea are notoriously difficult to treat with standard medications. Newer technologies, namely medical lasers and light sources, have made it possible to control and improve erythematotelangietatic signs of rosacea. The potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser in particular is an efficacious and safe tool for treatment of this disease.
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PMID:Treatment of erythematotelangiectactic rosacea with a KTP YAG laser. 1630 64

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