Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contact allergy to nickel could be found in 44.7% of 247 Austrian hairdressers with hand eczema. Two-thirds had become sensitive to nickel during their apprenticeship. The hairdressers' occupational exposure to nickel, chromium and cobalt was screened and different materials were analysed by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hairdressers' nails (means = 54.22 ppm) contained ten times more nickel than those of controls (means = 6.5 ppm), but the differences were not statistically significant. Pooled customers' hair gave values of 3 ppm nickel; metals could not be released by shampoos, permanent wave liquids or oxidizing agents. The nickel, chromium and cobalt contents of 8 shampoos were beyond the detection limit of 1 microgram/100 ml. In 2 of 6 hair colours, in 2 bleaching agents and 8 of the 9 permanent liquids analysed (means 0.063 mg/100 ml), nickel could be found in detectable amounts. No metal traces could be detected in Viennese tap water samples which had been collected from a commonly used boiler. First samples of cold tap water collected in Leoben contained only 2 micrograms/100 ml, first hot water samples (60 degrees C) up to 4 micrograms nickel/100 ml; after 5 min of flushing, hot water samples contained 3 micrograms nickel/100 ml. From a nickel rod 13 micrograms/nickel/cm2/h was leached into 15 degrees C cold water and 0.28 microgram/nickel/cm2/h was leached into 70 degrees C hot water. It is recommended that hairdressers be supplied with only nickel-free instruments and that the contents of nickel and chelating agents be analysed in hair cosmetics.
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PMID:[Hairdresser eczema and nickel allergy]. 623 72

Nickel analyses of tap water from several sources in Copenhagen gave up to 490 X 10(-6) g X 1(-1) in the first 250 ml portions. Hot water gave higher values than cold water. After flushing for 5 min, low values were found. Considerable variation from time to time and from tap to tap was found. Drinking of only the first portion in the morning might have an influence on nickel hand eczema.
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PMID:Nickel in tap water. 685 22

Total dissolved beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were measured in the drinking water of 101 households and 21 samples of retail bottled waters purchased in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to ascertain the water quality for human consumption. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP) was used for analysis. First-draw Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn concentrations decreased significantly after 10 min of flushing in the morning. Cd, Fe, Hg, Ni and Zn in some cases exceeded the guideline limits recommended by the EEC and WHO.
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PMID:Survey of trace elements in household and bottled drinking water samples collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 964 27

The objective of the present communication is to describe the role played by combinations between diethydithiocarbamate (DDC) and divalent metals in hemolysis of human RBC. RBC which had been treated with DDC (10-50 microM) were moderately hemolyzed (about 50%) upon the addition of subtoxic amounts of Cu2+ (50 microM). However, a much stronger and a faster hemolysis occurred either if mixtures of RBC-DDC were immediately treated either by Co2+ (50 microM) or by a premixture of Cu2+ and Co2+ (Cu:Co) (50 microM). While Fe2+ and Ni2+, at 50 microM, initiated 30-50% hemolysis when combined with DDC (50 microM), on a molar basis, Cd2+ was at least 50 fold more efficient than any of the other metals in the initiation of hemolysis by DDC. On the other hand, neither Mn2+ nor Zn2+, had any hemolysis-initiating effects. Co2+ was the only metal which totally blocked hemolysis if added to DDC prior to the addition of the other metals. Hemolysis by mixtures of DDC + (Cu:Co) was strongly inhibited by anaerobiosis (flushing with nitrogen gas), by the reducing agents glutathione, N-acetyl cysteine, mercaptosuccinate, ascorbate, TEMPO, and alpha-tocopherol, by the PLA2 inhibitorbromophenacylbromide (BrPACBr), by tetracycline as well as by phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and by trypan blue. However, TEMPO, BrPACBr and PC were the only agents which inhibited hemolysis induced by DDC: Cd2+ complexes. On the other hand, none of the classical scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) employed e.g dimethylthiourea, catalase, histidine, mannitol, sodium benzoate, nor the metal chelators desferal and phenanthroline, had any appreciable inhibitory effects on hemolysis induced by DDC + (Cu:Co). DDC oxidized by H2O2 lost its capacity to act in concert either with Cu2+ or with Cd2+ to hemolyze RBC. While either heating RBC to temperatures greater than 37 degrees C or exposure of the cells to glucose-oxidase-generated peroxide diminished their susceptibility to hemolysis, exposure to the peroxyl radical from AAPH, enhanced hemolysis by DDC + (Cu:Co). The cyclovoltammetry patterns of DDC were drastically changed either by Cu2+, Co2+ or by Cd2+ suggesting a strong interaction of the metals with DDC. Also, while the absorbance spectrum of DDC at 280 nm was decreased by 50% either by Co2+, Cd2+ or by H2O2, a 90% reduction in absorbance occurred if DDC + H2O2 mixtures were treated either by Cu2+ or by Co2+, but not by Cd2+. Taken together, it is suggested that DDC-metal chelates can induce hemolysis by affecting the stability and the integrity of the RBC membrane, and possibly also of the cytoskeleton and the role played by reducing agents as inhibitors might be related to their ability to deplete oxygen which is also supported by the inhibitory effects of anaeobiosis.
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PMID:Hemolysis of human red blood cells induced by the combination of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and divalent metals: modulation by anaerobiosis, certain antioxidants and oxidants. 1049 Feb 37

A commercially available water purification system was evaluated for its ability to minimize chemical and microbial contaminants. The reduction or removal of these impurities from the drinking water of experimental animals would reduce experimental variability. 3 strains of bacteria were collected from the processed water. An increase in the total number of bacteria was observed the longer the filters remained in use. Determinations of heavy metals in water samples before and after processing were made for lead, zinc, copper, nickel, manganese, iron, arsenic and mercury. Calcium and magnesium levels were also determined. The concentrations of these inorganic chemicals were reduced by the purification process except at 2 time points in which desorption of the chemical could have occurred. Bacterial colonization and desorption of these chemicals were controlled by installing new filter cartridges. Volatile halocarbon concentrations were determined for water samples before and after purification. All volatile halocarbons analyzed were less than 10 ppb before and after purification at all time points. Other organic chemicals were greatly reduced by the purification process. In a study of contaminants associated with installation of the unit, it was found that flushing the unit for 8 days reduced lead and methyl ethyl ketone concentrations to insignificant levels. The purification system was found to be effective in providing high quality drinking water as verified by a microbial and chemical testing program.
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PMID:An evaluation of a water purification system for use in animal facilities. 1062 87

Remediation of sites contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds is a significant priority in the environmental field. Subsequently, the addition of cosolvent solutions for in situ flushing of contaminated source zones has been successfully field tested. However, the treatment of effluent fluids in such cleanup efforts is an often overlooked component of this technology implementation. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) in treating perchloroethylene (PCE) in an aqueous solution, and how the presence of a cosolvent (ethanol) and modification of the iron surface altered dechlorination. The modified iron surfaces included in this study were nickel-plated iron, acid-treated iron, and untreated iron surfaces. PCE dechlorination in the presence of each of the iron surfaces displayed pseudo first-order kinetics. The highest degradation rate of PCE occurred on the nickel-plated iron surface, 5.83 x 10(-3)h(-1), followed by the acid-treated iron, 4.92 x 10(-3)h(-1), and the untreated iron, 3.34 x 10(-3)h(-1). Dechlorination on each of the surfaces decreased with increasing cosolvent fractions. It was shown that as cosolvent fractions increased, PCE adsorption decreased and resulted in a concomitant decrease in PCE degradation rates.
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PMID:Degradation of perchloroethylene in cosolvent solutions by zero-valent iron. 1247 79

Thousands of sites are contaminated with both heavy metals and organic compounds and these sites pose a major threat to public health and the environment. Previous studies have shown that electrokinetic remediation has potential to remove heavy metals and organic compounds when they exist individually in low permeability soils. This paper presents the feasibility of using cyclodextrins in electrokinetic remediation for the simultaneous removal of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from low permeability soils. Kaolin was selected as a model low permeability soil and it was spiked with phenanthrene as well as nickel at concentrations of 500 mg kg-1 each to simulate typical mixed field contamination. Bench-scale electrokinetic experiments were conducted using hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) at low (1%) and high (10%) concentrations and using deionized water in control test. A periodic voltage gradient of 2VDC cm-1 (with 5 d on and 2 d off) was applied to all the tests, and 0.01 M NaOH was added during the experiments to maintain neutral pH conditions at anode. In all tests, nickel migrated as Ni2+ ions towards the cathode and most of it was precipitated as Ni(OH)2 within the soil close to the cathode due to high pH condition generated by electrolysis reaction. The solubility of phenanthrene in the flushing solution and the amount of electroosmotic flow controlled the migration and removal of phenanthrene in all the tests. Even though high flow was generated in tests using deionized water and 1% HPCD, migration and removal of phenanthrene was low due to low solubility of phenanthrene in these solutions. The test with 10% HPCD solution showed higher solubility of phenanthrene which caused it migrate towards the cathode, but further migration and removal was retarded due to reduced electric current and electroosmotic flow. Approximately one pore volume of flushing resulted in approximately 50% removal of phenanthrene from the soil near the anode. Sustained higher electroosmotic flow with higher concentration cyclodextrin and maintaining low soil pH near cathode should be investigated to increase removal efficiency of both phenanthrene and nickel.
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PMID:Simultaneous removal of organic compounds and heavy metals from soils by electrokinetic remediation with a modified cyclodextrin. 1628 42

The determination of copper in nickel-plating solutions with commercial test-strips has been investigated. The rate of colour development, which is normally slow in the presence of high concentrations of foreign ions, has been speeded up by flushing sample solutions over the strips, rather than by immersion. Relative precision is 2.7-12% over the concentration range 2-25 ppm of copper. The accuracy of the reflectance method compares favourably with that of atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and is better than that of a visual colorimetric procedure involving dithizone.
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PMID:Quantitative reflectometry--IV, determination of copper in nickel-plating solutions. 1896 76

Two flow injection procedures have been investigated for the determination of some elements in silver electrolysis solutions, for which the problem of the formation of silver acetylide needs to be addressed. A single line manifold was found to give acceptable results for limited time periods, but for prolonged operation it was necessary to remove the silver. This was achieved with a recirculating reactor in which the silver was precipitated as the chloride and retained on a filter of nylon fibers. Good recoveries of copper, iron, nickel and zinc from solutions containing up to 100 g/l. silver were obtained with over 95% of the silver retained on the filter. The filter was regenerated rapidly by flushing with ammonia solution.
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PMID:Closed-loop recirculating manifold for matrix isolation in flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Analysis of silver electrolysis solutions. 1896 64

The stored metallurgy wastes contain residues from ore processing operations that are characterized by relatively high concentrations of heavy metals. The bioleaching process makes use of bacteria to recover elements from industrial wastes and to decrease potential risk of environmental contamination. Wastes were treated by solutions containing bacteria. In this work, the optimized six-stage sequential extraction procedure was applied for the fractionation of Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in iron-nickel metallurgy wastes deposited in Southern Poland (Szklary). Fractionation and total concentrations of elements in wastes before and after various bioleaching treatments were studied. Analyses of the extracts were performed by ICP-MS and FAAS. To achieve the most effective bioleaching of Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe the usage of both autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria in sequence, combined with flushing of the residue after bioleaching is required. 80-100% of total metal concentrations were mobilized after the proposed treatment. Wastes treated according to this procedure could be deposited without any risk of environmental contamination and additionally the metals could be recovered for industrial purposes.
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PMID:Fractionation study in bioleached metallurgy wastes using six-step sequential extraction. 1917 27


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