Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effects of intravenous recombinant CD4 immunoglobulin G (CD4-IgG), a 12-week Phase One study with an optional maintenance phase was performed. Twenty-two subjects with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were enrolled; 15 subjects completed the initial 12 weeks. CD4-IgG doses were 30, 100, or 300 micrograms/kg weekly; 1,000 micrograms/kg once, twice, or three times per week; or 3,000 micrograms/kg twice weekly. Serum concentrations of CD4-IgG increased linearly with dose, with average peak serum concentrations of 22 micrograms/ml with 1,000 micrograms/kg. CD4-IgG was well tolerated; one patient had self-limited tachycardia and flushing associated with CD4-IgG therapy. No changes were seen in CD4 cell counts, hematologic or coagulation studies, serum chemistries, HIV p24 antigen titers, or plasma HIV titers. No subject developed anti-CD4 antibodies. HIV isolates from five patients had IC90 values that were higher than the peak concentrations of CD4-IgG achieved in those patients. Additional studies that achieve higher CD4-IgG concentrations are necessary to evaluate the antiviral activity of this compound.
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PMID:Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral response of CD4-immunoglobulin G by intravenous bolus in AIDS and AIDS-related complex. 755 78

Twenty-four asymptomatic, HIV-1-seropositive subjects with CD4 cell counts of > or = 400/microliters participated in a Phase I/II, dose escalation trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC: Procysteine). Four groups of six subjects each were consecutively assigned to receive OTC at an initial dose of 3, 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg, followed by the same dose given twice weekly for 6 weeks. Increases in whole-blood glutathione were observed in the highest dosage group after 6 weeks of therapy. No effects on changes in CD4 cell counts, viral load, or proviral DNA frequency were observed among the four dosage groups, although a decline in beta 2-microglobulin levels was apparent in the highest dosage group. One subject withdrew due to headaches; other probable adverse events including rash, flushing, pruritus, lightheadedness, and diminished concentration were self-limited.
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PMID:A phase I/II trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects. 790 62

The aim of the present study was to assess genes expressed in maternal uterine tissue and pre-implantation embryos which are presumably involved in maternal recognition and establishment of canine pregnancy. For this purpose, 10 pregnant bitches were ovariohysterectomized between days 10 and 12 after mating. Four non-pregnant bitches served as controls. Early pregnancy was verified by flushing the uterine horns with PBS solution. The collected embryos (n = 60) were stored deep-frozen (-80 degrees C). Uterine tissue was excised, snaps frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenized using TRI Reagent. All embryos from one litter were thawed together and also homogenized in TRI Reagent. RT-PCR was performed to prove mRNA expression of progesterone receptor, key enzymes of the prostaglandin synthesis pathway, selected growth factors, cytokines, immune cell receptors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP). Only pregnant uteri revealed the presence of mRNA for interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and CD-8, which resembles the milieu in humans and other mammalians. Similarly, in day 10 embryos, mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta, insulin-like growth factor-1,-2, hepatocyte growth factor, leukaemia inhibitor factor, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta,-6,-8, cyclooxygenase-2, CD4(+) cells, and MMP-2 and -9 were detected, but not MHC-I or -II. We therefore suppose that the canine embryo, like its human counterpart, actively initiates measures to prevent attacks from the maternal immune system to prepare its own adhesion, nidation, growth and further development.
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PMID:Expression of genes in the canine pre-implantation uterus and embryo: implications for an active role of the embryo before and during invasion. 1839 90

In this study, we assessed the adverse reactions to influenza vaccination in HIV-infected individuals. From November 2006 to January 2007, a total of 203 HIV-infected persons were recruited. Demographic data were collected. Subjects were evaluated 48 h and 15 days after vaccination for symptoms and significant health events as possible side effects. Participants were instructed to measure their temperature in the morning and evening for 2 days post-immunization and to assess injection site and systemic adverse reactions. 80.3% of the subjects were male. The mean age of the subjects was 36.9 +/- 7.9 years. Local and systemic reactions were reported by 61 (30%) and 62 (30.5%) persons, respectively. The most common adverse reactions to the influenza vaccine included skin redness (37 cases), induration (32 cases), and pain (55 cases) as local reactions, and fever (22 cases), myalgia (46 cases), headache (12 cases) and weakness (35 cases) as general reactions. 1.4 % of the subjects had fever over 38.5 degrees C. There were significant associations between myalgia and flushing with CD4 counts (P<0.05). We found no relationship between adverse reactions and sex, history of smoking, allergy, alcohol, and drug usage, stage of HIV infection, anti-retroviral therapies, anti-TB medication and previous vaccination. We concluded that inactivated influenza vaccine administered in HIV-infected adults did not result in potential adverse events in this study population.
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PMID:Adverse reactions of trivalent influenza vaccine in HIV-infected individuals. 2113 1

Human urine has been poorly investigated with regard to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here, we have studied the anti-infective functional properties of human urine against HIV. The effect of fresh urine pools on CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 was evaluated by using four in vitro mucosal models: reduction of infectivity of urine-treated HIV-1 particles, HIV-1 attachment to immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (iMDDC), transfer of HIV-1 particles from iMDDC to autologous CD4 T cells, and HIV-1 transcytosis through epithelial cells. Human urine partially disrupted both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 particles, moderately decreased the adsorption of HIV-1 on dendritic cells, and partially decreased the transfer of HIV-1 particles from dendritic cells to autologous T cells. These findings demonstrate partial inactivation of HIV infectivity and suggest that voiding urine after coitus could play a potential role in reducing the risk of HIV infection by both mechanically flushing out and neutralizing the infectivity of HIV-1 particles present in the genital tract.
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PMID:Partial inactivation of CCR5- and CXCR4- tropic HIV-1 by human urine. 2194 6