Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vivo rabbit ileum was used to study the relationship of cholera enterotoxin-induced water and electrolyte secretion and mucus secretion and to determine whether the enterotoxin influenced the intestinal mucus blanket. In experiments in which luminal fluid viscosity was used to assess mucus secretion, it was found that while cholera enterotoxin induced a sustained secretion of water and electrolytes, the toxin-induced mucus hypersecretion was short lived (3 to 5 h) and subsequent exposure of the mucosa to cholera enterotoxin or prostaglandin E1 did not stimulate mucus secretion further. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline caused a modest mucus secretion in ileal loops which differed from that of cholera enterotoxin in both magnitude and in the fact that the mucus secretion occurred 2 to 3 h after the onset of water and electrolyte secretion. An oral replacement solution was used in the ileum to reduce the enterotoxin-induced loss of water and electrolytes into the lumen. While such a solution slowed the appearance of acidic glycoprotein in the intestinal lumen, it did not change the amount of glycoprotein secreted over a 7-h period, suggesting that toxin-induced mucus secretion was not simply due to a flushing action of the experimentally caused diarrhea. To assess mucus blanket thickness, neutral glycoprotein was recovered from the blanket of rabbit ileal loops 7 h after exposure to cholera enterotoxin and the thickness of the mucus blanket was measured directly 4 and 18 h after toxin exposure. Both methods indicated that even though cholera enterotoxin-induced mucus hypersecretion had subsided and there was histological evidence of goblet cell mucin depletion, there was a sustained increase in mucus blanket thickness that was detectable for at least 18 h after mucosal enterotoxin exposure.
 ...
PMID:Cholera enterotoxin-induced mucus secretion and increase in the mucus blanket of the rabbit ileum in vivo. 316 91

Both pre- and postcoital isthmic contractility were recorded in vivo in the rabbit by using balloon-ended catheters, filled with fluid and placed in the isthmic lumen of the oviduct. Autopsy was performed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours postcoitum (PC). Segmental flushing of the contralateral oviducts correlated isthmic contractility with egg transport. At 12 and 24 hours PC, when the majority of eggs reached the ampulla, the isthmic activity increased, involving both active contractions and resting pressure fluctuation. This active pattern caused an increase in the isthmic intraluminal pressure on occlusion of the isthmus and retention of the eggs at the ampullary-isthmic junction. At 48 hours PC, when the majority of eggs were in the distal isthmus, there were a uniformly low amplitude and highly frequent resting pressure fluctuations without any active contractions. Such a pattern reduced the isthmic luminal diameter, with subsequent isthmic egg locking. At 72 hours PC, when the eggs were transported to the uterus, complete cessation of the isthmic contractility, including resting pressure fluctuations, was associated with abrupt and remarkable alterations in the resting baseline. Since the estimated diameter of the egg, with its mucin coat, was bigger than that of the resting isthmus, the eggs initiated their own transport through the isthmus by stretching the adjacent walls.
 ...
PMID:Egg transport and postcoital isthmic contractility in the rabbit. 733 75

A mucin coat is deposited on rabbit embryos during passage through the oviduct; rabbit blastocysts cultured from the 1-cell stage in vitro have no mucin coat. When cultured blastocysts are transferred to recipients, the lack of mucin coat might account in part for subsequent failure of pregnancy. We have investigated the possibility that mucin coat deposition is induced following transfer of in vitro 72 h-cultured blastocysts to oviducts of asynchronous or synchronous recipients. One-cell embryos were collected by flushing oviducts 19-20 h post-coitus and were cultured in vitro for 72 h until they reached the blastocyst stage. The blastocysts were transferred to the oviducts of recipients that were synchronized either with the donors (synchronous) or 1 day later than the donors (asynchronous). They were recovered after 24-48 h and the mucin coat thickness and embryo degeneration rate were measured. The degeneration rate of blastocysts recovered from uteri of synchronous recipients was higher than that from asynchronous recipients (72.2% vs 40.0%). The mucin coats around embryos recovered from oviducts of asynchronous recipients after 48 h were thicker than those from synchronous recipients. More asynchronous recipients were pregnant and gave birth to more pups than synchronous recipients. These results indicate that the oviducts of asynchronous recipients secreted more mucin around the transferred embryos, causing higher rates of implantation of the in vitro-cultured blastocysts.
 ...
PMID:Effects of transferring in vitro-cultured rabbit embryos to recipient oviducts on mucin coat deposition, implantation and development. 1552 11

Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins produced by goblet cells and secreted on mucosal surfaces. We investigated biochemical and histochemical properties of intestinal mucins of virus- and parasite-free common carp Cyprinus carpio in response to a single peroral application of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide = LPS). Intracellular mucins were quantified histochemically by their carbohydrate content and characterized by specific, lectin-based methods. In addition, secreted epithelial (intracellular) and luminal (extracellular) mucins were isolated and separated by downward gel filtration. Carbohydrate and protein content were determined photometrically. Subsequently, terminal glycosylation was characterized by a lectin-binding assay. A peroral endotoxin application altered intestinal secretion and composition of intestinal mucin glycoproteins in common carp. A statistically significant decrease in mature luminal mucins was demonstrated, linked to a new biosynthesis of intracellular mucin glycoproteins. Simultaneous changes in the glycosylation pattern of isolated mucins were found. The intestinal mucosal system is purported to provide a removal mechanism for bacterial noxes by increasing secretion of mucins inducing a flushing-out effect, in combination with altered glycosylation patterns that change adhesion properties. Consequently, pseudofaeces of fish, which are a common sign of intestinal parasitical infections, may also be interpreted as an elimination mechanism for strong bacterial noxes.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical and histochemical effects of perorally applied endotoxin on intestinal mucin glycoproteins of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. 1793 94

The European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) is the only species with superconception, whereby the maternal reproductive tract hosts two sets of conceptuses at different developmental stages. The embryonic development of the hare has not yet been described. To understand the mechanism of superconception, we studied oviduct transport and implantation stages by embryo flushing and live high-resolution ultrasound. Ultrasound data of implantation stages is correlated with histology. In the oviduct, a mucin coat is deposited on the zona pellucida. The blastocysts enter the uterine horns on Day 5, 1 day later than in the rabbit, and directly expand approximately threefold. Spacing is accompanied by peristaltic movement of the endometrium. The mucin coat disappears and the conceptuses attach. The yolk-sac expands in the blastocoel and syncytial knobs invade the antimesometrial endometrium. Maternal blood lacunae appear in the mesometrial endometrial folds, which are subsequently invaded by the syncytiotrophoblast. The haemochorial chorioallantoic placenta forms. The yolk-sac cavity is gradually replaced by the allantois and finally by the exocoel. The different reproductive strategies of the precocial hare and the altricial rabbit are discussed. We assume that the lagomorph-specific mucin coat and the hare-specific delay of the oviduct-uterine transition are prerequisites for superconception.
...
PMID:Free blastocyst and implantation stages in the European brown hare: correlation between ultrasound and histological data. 2295 25

Surface-imprinted polymers allow for specific cell detection based on simultaneous recognition of the cell shape, cell size, and cell membrane functionalities by macromolecular cell imprints. In this study, the specificity of detection and the detection sensitivity for target cells within a pool of non-target cells were analyzed for a cell-specific surface-imprinted polymer combined with a heat-transfer-based read-out technique (HTM). A modified Chinese hamster ovarian cell line (CHO-ldlD) was used as a model system on which the transmembrane protein mucin-1 (MUC1) could be excessively expressed and for which the occurrence of MUC1 glycosylation could be controlled. In specific cancer cells, the overexpressed MUC1 protein typically shows an aberrant apical distribution and glycosylation. We show that surface-imprinted polymers discriminate between cell types that (1) only differ in the expression of a specific membrane protein (MUC1) or (2) only differ in the membrane protein being glycosylated or not. Moreover, surface-imprinted polymers of cells carrying different glycoforms of the same membrane protein do target both types of cells. These findings illustrate the high specificity of cell detection that can be reached by the structural imprinting of cells in polymer layers. Competitiveness between target and non-target cells was proven to negatively affect the detection sensitivity of target cells. Furthermore, we show that the detection sensitivity can be increased significantly by repetitively exposing the surface to the sample and eliminating non-specifically bound cells by flushing between consecutive cell exposures.
...
PMID:Heat-transfer resistance measurement method (HTM)-based cell detection at trace levels using a progressive enrichment approach with highly selective cell-binding surface imprints. 2460 12

In the meiofauna communities of Louisiana estuaries (USA), the harpacticoid copepods Scottolana canadensis and Pseudostenhelia wellsi are predominant species. Scottolana canadensis is a semisessile burrow-dweller capable of subsurface suspension and deposit feeding. Pseudostenhelia wellsi is also semisessile but builds extensive networks of mucus tubes within the top 1 cm of muddy sediments, and appears to graze on its inner tubewalls. Tube building by P. wellsi generates meiofauna-sized structure and adds cohesiveness to surface sediments, as well as providing potential food and grazing substrates for other meiofuna. Monospecific patches of P. wellsi and S. canadensis (250 individuals/5 cm2 ) were artificially generated in laboratory microcosms to determine if the unique lifestyle and sedimentary effects of either species facilitate or inhibit colonization by two other errant, burrowing harpacticoids common in the community, Nitrocra lacustris and Cletocamptus deitersi. These two species share similar foraging and burrowing behaviors and similar effects on sediment structure, which sharply contrast with those of P. wellsi and S. canadensis. Pseudostenhelia wellsi tube patches facilitated colonization by both S. canadensis and N. lacustris, but strongly inhibited colonization by C. deitersi. Scottolana canadensis patches were unattractive to N. lacustris. As P. wellsi showed the strongest effects on colonization by other harpacticoids, its mechanisms of facilitation/inhibition were also studied. In laboratory microcosms, cultured S. canadensis and N. lacustris were offered patches of azoic sediments, mucin-enriched sediments without structure, azoic sediments with agar tube mimics (structure), and sediments with natural P. wellsi tubes (mucus and structure). Both mucus enrichment and inert tube structure acted as strong facilitants to N. lacustris copepodites and adults overall. However, neither effect alone facilitated patch colonization by N. lacustris adult females and S. canadensis copepodites and adults. Their colonization was facilitated specifically by natural P. wellsi tubes. These experiments demonstrate that species interactions in harpacticoid communities can quickly influence spatial patterns, and those patterns may be mediated by species-specific effects on the sedimentary environment (e.g., mucus tube, burrows, increased flushing, erodability, etc.). However, spatial patterns cannot be predicted easily by contrasting the compatibility of one species' biogenic effects with those of another.
 ...
PMID:Facilitative and Inhibitory Interactions Among Estuarine Meiobenthic Harpacticoid Copepods. 2935 38