Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver function was measured after 20 hr of hypothermic preservation in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and in modified UW (MUW) solution containing gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Rat livers were rapidly cooled by in situ portal flushing with chilled UW or MUW solution, then removed and stored at 4 degrees C. After 20 hr of storage, liver hemodynamics and function were studied during 90 min of reperfusion in an isolated perfused liver system. Three groups were investigated: livers flushed with and stored in a commercial UW solution for 20 hr (UW group) or in a modified UW solution with 500 mg/L of GHB added (MUW group), and livers flushed with UW solution and reperfused immediately thereafter (control group). Addition of GHB to the cold storage solution significantly improved liver function after 20 hr of cold storage. Livers in the MUW group produced bile at a much higher rate then those in UW group (3.47 +/- 0.34 vs. 0.87 +/- 0.29 ml/100 g liver weight/min at 60 min of reperfusion), while the control livers produced 4.60 +/- 0.40 ml bile/100 g liver weight/min. At the same time, liver blood flow at a perfusion pressure of 11 cm H2O was significantly higher in the MUW group than in the UW group (391 +/- 32 ml/min/100 g liver vs. 177 +/- 33 ml/min/100 g liver) and only slightly lower than in the control group (494 +/- 49 ml/min/100 g liver). Aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in perfusate samples taken from the venous effluent were raised during reperfusion in all groups. However, AST and ALT values were significantly lower (503 +/- 88 IU/L/100 g AST, 184 +/- 33 IU/L/100 g ALT) at 90 min of reperfusion in the MUW group than in the UW group (1567 +/- 330 IU/L/100 g for AST and 644 +/- 227 IU/L/100 g for ALT). This study clearly demonstrates that GHB greatly improves liver function and integrity after hypothermic preservation and has the potential to substantially increase the acceptable storage time of donor livers before transplantation.
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PMID:gamma-Hydroxybutyrate mediated protection of liver function after long-term hypothermic storage. 829 Nov 18

Eastin, Jerry D. (U.S. Army Chemical Corps, Frederick, Md.) and Curtis B. Thorne. Carbon dioxide fixation in Bacillus anthracis J. Bacteriol. 85:410-417. 1963.-Virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis require a concentration of CO(2) greater than that of the normal atmosphere (air) for the production of capsular material (glutamyl polypeptide); avirulent strains may produce no polypeptide or may produce polypeptide in air. Fixation of C(14)O(2) by each of the three types tested resulted in labeling of aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, succinic acid, and an unidentified organic acid. C(14) was detected in aspartic acid after less than 30 sec of exposure of cells to C(14)O(2). Subsequent flushing of the cells with C(12)O(2) displaced C(14) from aspartic acid but not from the other labeled intermediates. Aspartic acid appears to be closely associated with the primary CO(2)-fixation product, and the data suggest a fairly direct carbon pathway from CO(2) to aspartic acid (oxaloacetic acid) to glutamic acid to glutamyl polypeptide.
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PMID:CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION IN BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. 1656 95

The (12)CO2- and (14)CO2-exchange of illuminated corn leaf discs were measured at normal (21%) and low (1%) oxygen. After periods of exposure to (14)CO2 or to (14)CO2 followed by (12)CO2, the discs were killed and the specific activities of some metabolites were determined. At both O2 concentrations the specific activity of 3-PGA increased and decreased rapidly during the first 5 min of (14)CO2-feeding or (12)CO2-flushing but did not equilibrate with that of the CO2 in the assimilation chamber even after 15 min. The specific activity of aspartic acid also showed bimodal kinetics during both feeding and flushing. The specific activities of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), aspartic acid and alanine were higher at 1% O2 than at 21% O2, but glycine and serine were lower in specific activity at 1% O2. The results are in agreement with the proposed initial fixation of CO2 into C4-dicarboxylic acids and subsequent transfer of this carbon to 3-PGA. Indirect evidence supports the idea that at 21% O2, CO2 was produced by the corn leaf discs in the light and was refixed into C4-dicarboxylic acids. At 1% O2, the photorespiratory process could also have been active although the flux of carbon through the glycolate pathway was probably smaller than at 21% O2.
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PMID:Changes in specific radioactivities of corn-leaf metabolites during photosynthesis in (14)CO 2 and (12)CO 2 at normal and low oxygen. 2444 50