Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lesional (n = 15) and non-lesional (n = 10) skin of subjects with mastocytosis was analysed for the distribution and concentration of trypase positive, chymase negative mast cells (MCT) and tryptase positive, chymase positive mast cells (MCTC) cells and compared to normal skin (n = 23) and non-lesional skin of subjects with unexplained anaphylaxis or flushing episodes (n = 6). Skin biopsies were fixed in Carnoy's fluid and subjected to double immunohistochemical staining with biotinylated mouse monoclonal anti-chymase antibody followed by alkaline phosphatase-conjugated mouse monoclonal anti-tryptase antibody. MCTC cells were the only type of mast cells seen in all specimens analysed and in each case were more numerous in superficial compared to deep regions of dermis. The concentration (mean +/- s.d.) of mast cells in the superficial dermis of mastocytosis lesions (40 985 +/- 21 772 mast cells/mm3) was significantly increased over that in corresponding areas of non-lesional skin from subjects with mastocytosis (7178 +/- 3607 mast cells/mm3), skin from subjects with idiopathic anaphylaxis or flushing episodes (6974 +/- 3873 mast cells/mm3) and normal skin (7347 +/- 2973 mast cells/mm3). The exclusive presence of MCTC cells in skin lesions of mastocytosis which are characterized by non-malignant hyperplasia of mast cells suggests involvement of local tissue factors in mast cell recruitment and differentiation.
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PMID:Mast cells in cutaneous mastocytosis: accumulation of the MCTC type. 231 Sep 82

Thirteen patients with painful Paget's disease of bone were treated as outpatients with low doses of synthetic salmon calcitonin 22.5-50 mug three times weekly. Treatment produced full remission of pain in a mean time of 5.5 weeks and a mean depression of serum alkaline phosphatase activity of 33%.The interval before symptomatic relief could not be predicted from the variables studied. The ultimate fall in serum alkaline phosphatase activity, however, could be predicted from the initial levels and from the early rate of decrease (P < 0.001). Biochemical resistance to treatment, which occurred in three cases, could be related to the dose and duration of treatment.Prolonged remissions of pain may occur which are not related to biochemical remission, to the dose of calcitonin, or to the duration of treatment. The side effects attributable to salmon calcitonin were transient nausea (in nine patients), transient flushing (in four), diarrhoea (in two), and rash (in one) though in only one patient did treatment have to be withdrawn prematurely because of these effects.
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PMID:Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with synthetic salmon calcitonin. 447 16

The patient was a 60-year-old Japanese male. He complained of epigastralgia and right chest pain of 4 month's duration, and general malaise, nausea and vomiting of 2 month's duration. Physical examination revealed on the right third rib a tender mass with a diameter of 2 cm and hepatomegaly with a multi-nodular surface and red palms. There were no signs of carcinoid syndrome, such as cutaneous flushing. Laboratory examinations disclosed certain biochemical alterations; alkaline phosphatase 810 IU/l, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) 2090 IU/l, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 23.5 ng/ml and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 6,800 ng/ml. Both HBs-Ag and HBs-Ab were negative. The patient died in a uremic state, with rapid increases of jaundice and ascites. Autopsy revealed gastric carcinoid with extensive metastases to the liver and the bone marrow. Tumor cells showed argyrophilia but not argentaffinity. Immunofluorescence specific for AFP was positive in the hepatocytes, particularly those adjacent to the metastatic tumor cells but not in the tumor cells, either primary or secondary. 79 cases reported in Japan of serum AFP-positive malignant tumor other than hepatocellular carcinoma and certain other malignancies of germ cell origin are reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein-positive gastric carcinoid with liver metastasis. 616 67

Pacific herring Clupea pallasi populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, declined from an estimated 9.8 x 10(7) kg in 1992 to 1.5 x 10(7) kg in 1994. To determine the role of disease in population decline, 233 Pacific herring from Prince William Sound were subjected to complete necropsy during April 1994. The North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from 11 of 233 fish (4.7%). VHSV was significantly related to myocardial mineralization, hepatocellular necrosis, submucosal gastritis, and meningoencephalitis. Ichthyophonus hoferi infected 62 of 212 (29%) fish. I. hoferi infections were associated with severe, disseminated, granulomatous inflammation and with increased levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). I. hoferi prevalence in 1994 was more than double that of most previous years (1989 to 1993). Plasma chemistry values significantly greater (p < 0.01) in males than females included albumin, total protein, cholesterol, chloride, glucose, and potassium; only alkaline phosphatase was significantly greater in females. Hypoalbuminemia was relatively common in postspawning females; other risk factors included VHSV and moderate or severe focal skin reddening. Pacific herring had more than 10 species of parasites, but they were not associated with significant lesions. Two of the parasites have not previously been described: a renal intraductal myxosporean (11% prevalence) and an intestinal coccidian (91% prevalence). Transmission electron microscopy of a solitary mesenteric lesion revealed viral particles consistent with lymphocystis virus. No fish had viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN). Prevalence of external gross lesions and major parasites was not related to fish age, and fish that were year-lings at the time of the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill (1988 year class) had no evidence of increased disease prevalence.
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PMID:Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Ichthyophonus hoferi, and other causes of morbidity in Pacific herring Clupea pallasi spawning in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. 967 59

Crystalline nicotinic acid (immediate-release niacin) is effective therapy for lipoprotein regulation and cardiovascular risk reduction. However, inconvenient regimens and unpleasant side effects decrease compliance. Sustained-release formulations designed to circumvent these difficulties increase hepatotoxicity. Niaspan, a new US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, once-daily, extended-release form, has been found effective and safe in short-term trials. The long-term efficacy and safety of Niaspan lipid monotherapy was studied in 517 patients (aged 21-75 years) for < or =96 weeks in dosages < or =3,000 mg/day. Primary efficacy endpoints were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apo B) changes from baseline; secondary efficacy endpoints were changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio; safety data included adverse events and laboratory values over the 2-year study period. LDL-cholesterol levels decreased significantly: 18% at week 48 and 20% at week 96; apo B reduction was similar (16% decrease at week 48 and 19% at week 96). Large elevations in HDL cholesterol (26%, week 48; 28%, week 96) allowed only modest decreases in total cholesterol (12% and 13%, respectively), whereas total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio decreased by almost one third. Triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels were decreased by 27% and 30%, respectively (week 48), and by 28% and 40%, respectively (week 96). All changes from baseline were significant (p <0.001). Niaspan was generally well tolerated, although flushing was common (75%); however, there was a progressive decrease in flushing with time from 3.3 episodes in the first month to < or = 1 episode by week 48. Aspirin was used by one third of patients before Niaspan dosing to minimize flushing episodes. Although serious adverse events occurred in about 10% of patients, none were considered probably or definitely related to Niaspan. Adverse events in general varied widely, but their true relation to the study drug is difficult to ascertain without a placebo (control) group. No deaths occurred. There were statistically significant changes in hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, phosphorus, glucose, amylase, and uric acid. However, these changes were mostly small and are not likely to be biologically or clinically significant (the decrease in phosphorus is a new finding in niacin therapy). No myopathy was observed. Thus, this long-term study confirms the earlier short-term findings that Niaspan is safe and effective as monotherapy in plasma lipoprotein regulation.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of an extended-release niacin (Niaspan): a long-term study. 991 66

SUMMARY. The high variation often observed in the ex vivo fibroblastic-colony forming unit (CFU-f) assay is likely to be due to both biological and experimental variation. To determine whether we could improve experimental methods we developed an alternative method of bone marrow cell (BMC) isolation employing a centrifugation step. The osteogenic capacity of centrifugally isolated BMC was compared to that of BMC that were isolated using the standard "flushing" technique using the CFU-f assay. The centrifugation method was found to be both quick and simple to perform and allowed simultaneous preparation of all samples. Centrifugally isolated BMC gave rise to approximately 100% more cfu-ap and cfu-f in cultures from both tibiae and femurae. The proportion of alkaline phosphatase positive colonies remained the same and colony morphologies were similar for both isolation methods. Histological comparison of the flushed and spun bones showed that after the flushing procedure many cells remained in the marrow cavity especially in the trabecular area. In contrast, centrifugation completely emptied the marrow space of all cells except bone lining cells and osteoblasts. Thus the osteogenic capacity of the bone marrow can be expressed as the number of CFU-f per bone instead of the frequency as is the norm. Using these methods to isolate BMC for ex vivo investigations should lead to a reduction in CFU-f number variation due to the isolation method. http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00223/bibs/65n5p411.html</++ +hea
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PMID:Centrifugal isolation of bone marrow from bone: an improved method for the recovery and quantitation of bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells from rat tibiae and femurae. 1054 70

Amifostine is a protective agent of normal tissue from adverse effects of radiochemotherapy. It is the prodrug that is dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase on plasma membrane into the active form named WR-1065. More than 90 per cent of the drug is cleared from plasma in 6 minutes and the peak tissue concentration is 10-30 minutes after intravenous administration. Amifostine has the selective property to protect normal tissue but not cancer cells by mainly scavenging free radicals induced by radiation and chemocytotoxic agents. Both preclinical and clinical studies of this drug provide the significant protection of hematopoietic progentitors from a broad range of cytotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, vinblastine, carboplatin, mitomycin-C, fotemustine, doxorubicin, daunorubicin and radiation as well. Moreover, this drug can protect other normal organs or tissues including kidney, salivary gland, liver, heart, lung and small intestine. Amifostine is quite safe, the two major side effects are vomiting and hypotension, and the minor effects are flushing, sneezing, dizziness, chills, metallic taste etc. The drug was approved by the FDA of U.S.A. for use as a cytoprotectant in cyclophosphamide and cisplatin treatment for advanced ovarian cancer and non small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Amifostine and hematologic effects. 1080 97

The common side effects associated with the use of prostaglandins in newborn infants include apnoea, hyperthermia, diarrhoea, skin flushing and oedema. Periosteal reaction or cortical thickening of the bones, also known as cortical hyperostosis, is associated with a prolonged use of prostaglandins. This is a radiological diagnosis; therefore, its occurrence is most likely underestimated. We describe an infant who developed cortical hyperostosis simulating osteomyelitis with elevated alkaline phosphatase. The radiologic changes were initially attributed to congenital syphilis. This occurred after a prolonged infusion of prostaglandin E(1) for a cyanotic congenital heart disease.
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PMID:Cortical hyperostosis in an infant on prolonged prostaglandin infusion: case report and literature review. 1506 99

Both uterine horns of 14 dairy cows with ovarian follicular cysts, and four animals affected with purulent endometritis were flushed via catheter using 30 ml phosphate buffered saline, following evisceration at a local abattori. Activity in the flushing media of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) were examined. Ovaries were prepared for light microscopy. Amount and morphological integrity of luteinized tissue found on the ovaries were reflected by correspondent levels in ALP activity, which was higher in the media taken from the ipsilateral to the luteal tissue situated uterine horns (651 +/- 228 vs 244 +/- 62 u/l, n = 3). Only cows having relatively large amounts of luteal tissue on the cystic ovaries (as in luteinized follicular cysts) exhibited very high ALP activity in uterine flushings (2693 +/- 1348 u/l, n = 2). Results suggest the existence of local relationships between luteal tissue in the ovary and the ipsilateral uterine horn in cows with ovarian follicular cysts.
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PMID:Activity of alkaline phosphatase in uterine flushings of dairy cows affected with ovarian cysts or endometritis. 1672 64

Suspension arrays for protein-based assays have been developed using shape-coded poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel microparticles to overcome the problems with current systems which use color-coded rigid microparticles as protein supports. Various shapes of hydrogel microparticles were fabricated by a two-step process consisting of photopatterning and flushing using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) channel as a molding insert. Hydrogel microparticles with lateral dimensions ranging from 50 to 300 micrometers were fabricated using different molecular weights of PEG (700, 3,400, and 8,000 Da), by which the water content and swelling behavior of the hydrogel microparticles could be controlled. Protein-entrapped hydrogel microparticles were prepared in a suspension array format, and PEG hydrogel could encapsulate proteins without deactivation for a week due to its high water content and soft nature. The sequential bienzymatic reaction of hydrogel-entrapped glucose oxidase (GOX) and peroxidase (POD) was successfully investigated using fluorescence detection, demonstrating one possible application of suspension arrays. Furthermore, a mixture of two different shapes of hydrogel microparticles containing GOX/POD and alkaline phosphatase (AP), respectively, was prepared and the shape-coded suspension array was used for simultaneous characterization of two different enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
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PMID:Suspension arrays of hydrogel microparticles prepared by photopatterning for multiplexed protein-based bioassays. 1856 Oct 28


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