Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is noted that advertisements in medical journals recommend treatment of emotional symptoms in menopausal patients with Premarin (Ayerst brand of conjugated estrogens), Ogen (Abbott brand of piperazine estrone sulfate), or other compounds. There are no acceptable studies proving the usefulness of such combinations for symptoms relating to the menopause and no persuasive evidence to justify use of conjugated or any other type of estrogen in the treatment of emotional symptoms in menopausal women. Vasomotor symptoms, flushing, and sweats respond to estrogens. Symptoms do not recur if treatment is stopped after 1 or 2 years. Systematic or topical use of estrogens fails to promote the appearance of youthfulness. Vaginal pruritus and dyspareunia due to atrophic vaginitis may be relieved by estrogens either applied locally or orally. Libido is not heightened by exogenous estrogens but sufficient androgen doses cause virilization. It is doubtful if osteoporosis is favorably influenced by long-term use of estrogens. Estrogen therapy may cause spotting, menarrhagia, nausea, breast tenderness, or fluid retention. Prolonged use may cause increase in size of uterine fibroids. Personal or even family history of breast or genital cancer are considered contraindications.
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PMID:Estrogens and the menopausal patient. 434 58

Y-90-DOTA-Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide (90Y-SMT 487, OctreoTher) has shown potential for effectively treating patients with neuroendocrine tumors. The dose-limiting organ for this agent is the kidney. The purpose of this work is to assess the effectiveness of a commercially available amino acid solution on reducing renal uptake of 90Y-SMT 487 and determine the safety profile of this solution. Subjects with In-111 pentetreotide positive tumors and normal creatinine levels were treated with 3 cycles of 90Y-SMT 487, 120 mCi/cycle, at 6-9 week intervals. During each treatment two liters of an amino acid solution containing arginine and lysine (Aminosyn II 7%, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) were infused IV over 4 hours. Adverse events were recorded. To assess the effect of Aminosyn II on renal uptake of 90Y-SMT 487, a subgroup of subjects underwent bremsstrahlung imaging 24 hours following infusion. Kidney to liver (K/L) count density ratios were generated from the baseline In-111 pentetreotide images (performed without amino acid infusion) and the 90Y bremsstrahlung images. Follow-up creatinine levels were obtained. Thirty-seven subjects received a total of 89 90Y-SMT 487 treatments. The number of amino-acid infusions associated with one or more episodes of emesis was 53 (62%). During 13 (15%) of these infusions, the Aminosyn II rate had to be reduced because of severe nausea and vomiting. Symptomatic flushing occurred during 16 (18%) of the infusions. One subject experienced a near syncopal event shortly after completing the infusion. Creatinine levels remained normal in 34 of 36 subjects during a mean follow-up period of 9.8 months. Fourteen subjects underwent bremsstrahlung imaging following infusion of 90Y-SMT 487. Kidney uptake appeared to decrease with administration of the amino acid solution in 13 of 14 subjects. For the 28 individual kidneys, the mean percent decrease in the Kidney/Liver uptake ratio with the amino acid solution was found to be 32%. We conclude that 2 L of Aminosyn II 7% infused over 4 hours appears to notably reduce renal uptake of 90Y-SMT 487. Aminosyn is generally well tolerated, particularly at lower infusion rates with occasional moderate to severe nausea and vomiting at higher rates.
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PMID:Effects of intravenous amino acid administration with Y-90 DOTA-Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide (SMT487[OctreoTher) treatment. 1506 9

Niacin has long been used in the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Recent research on niacin has been focused on understanding the mechanism of action of niacin and preparation of safer niacin formulations. New findings indicate that niacin does the following: 1) it inhibits hepatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, resulting in inhibition of triglyceride synthesis and decreased apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins; 2) it decreases the surface expression of hepatic adenosine triphosphate synthase beta-chain, leading to decreased holoparticle high-density lipoprotein catabolism and increased high-density lipoprotein levels; and 3) it increases redox potential in arterial endothelial cells, resulting in inhibition of redox-sensitive genes. Flushing, an adverse effect of niacin, results from niacin receptor GPR109A-mediated production of prostaglandin D2 and E2 via DP1 and EP2/4 receptors. DP1 receptor antagonist (laropiprant) attenuates the niacin flush. A reformulated preparation of extended-release niacin (Niaspan; Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) lowers flushing compared with an older Niaspan formulation. These advancements in niacin research have rejuvenated its use for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Niacin: an old drug rejuvenated. 1908 Jul 27