Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of acute Mast-cell leukemia was studied. A 39 years old female presenting with a brief history of abdominal pain and attacks of flushing; peripheral blood and bone marrow contained up to 60% of poorly differentiated blasts with clumping of deep purpule granules. Peroxydase reaction stains were negative, chloroacetate esterase were strongly positive. Toluidine blue revealed metachromatic stain. Histamine content of the cells was highly greater than normal but nos heparinoid activity could be demonstrated. These abnormal mast-cells have been investigated with the electron microscope; only the dense particular type of granule substructure was found, without any lamellae component. The cells were temptatively classified as "immature" mast-cell. The disease was interpretated as an acute leukemic variety of systemic mastocytosis.
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PMID:[Acute mast-cell leukemia. Cytochemical and ultrastructural study, about a particular case (author's transl)]. 5

Out of 19 patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma challenged with 123 mug histamine acid phosphate by intravenous infusion only 13 responded with a fall in FEV1 of over 10% (mean 16%). Seventeen of these patients were given histamine 2 mg/ml by aerosol, and all responded with a mean decrease in FEV1 of 37.8%. When challenged with allergen extract by aerosol the mean decrease in FEV1 was 37.5%. After 40 mg sodium cromoglycate 15 of the 17 patients showed significant protection against allergen challenge with a mean decrease in FEV1 of only 23.6%. Inhalation of 40 mg sodium cromoglycate, however, failed to protect against histamine given by either the intravenous or aerosol route. Histamine given intravenously to asthmatic patients produces less of a bronchial response than when given by aerosol, even though the intravenous route produces many more systemic symptoms, such as flushing and throbbing headache. The protection of sodium cromoglycate against an allergen inhalation challenge is not due to histamine antagonsim.
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PMID:Bronchial reactivity to histamine before and after sodium cromoglycate in bronchial asthma. 81 11

Twenty-five febrile patients with a history of intravenous drug use who were receiving either vancomycin (15 patients) or teicoplanin (10 patients) as part of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, clinical efficacy trial were enrolled, upon receipt of their first dose of antibiotic, into a study to evaluate the effect of 1 g of vancomycin and high-dose teicoplanin (30 mg/kg of body weight) on histamine release and the occurrence of "red man syndrome" (RMS). In addition, 10 healthy volunteer subjects (HVS) were randomized to receive either 1 g of vancomycin intravenously or a saline infusion in a double-blind, crossover design study. Patients and HVS were observed for the presence of erythema, flushing, pruritus, and hypotension during and for up to 1 h postinfusion by a blinded investigator. Histamine concentrations in plasma were measured at baseline and during and after drug infusion. No significant differences were noted in baseline temperature between patients (vancomycin recipients, 102.3 degrees F [39.1 degrees C]; teicoplanin recipients, 102.4 degrees F [39.1 degrees C]) or incidence of bacteremia (7 of 15 vancomycin recipients; 5 of 10 teicoplanin recipients). There were no significant differences in peak vancomycin concentrations in the sera of patients (40.8 micrograms/ml) and HVS (49.9 micrograms/ml). There were no reactions consistent with RMS in any patient who received teicoplanin (0 of 10); there was a significant difference in the occurrence of RMS in patients in comparison with that in HVS (0 of 15 patients, 9 of 10 HVS; P less than 0.001) who received vancomycin. The predominant reaction was erythema and pruritus. Histamine concentrations in plasma and the area under the histamine plasma concentration-time curve were highly variable within groups and were not statistically different between patients and HVS. The incidence of RMS secondary to vancomycin or teicoplanin in our patient population appears to be low and consistent with clinical observations. Similar to previous investigations, RMS secondary to vancomycin in HVS was high (90%). However, we found no relationship between the histamine concentration in plasma or the area under the plasma histamine concentration-time curve and the severity of RMS in HVS. The reason for the discrepancy of RMS in patients versus that in HVS in unknown, but it may be related to a blunted effect of glycopeptides to produce the reaction in the presence of infection or it may be specific to our patient population.
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PMID:Absence of "red man syndrome" in patients being treated with vancomycin or high-dose teicoplanin. 138 23

There have been reports of hypotension and flushing following vecuronium administration. The etiology of these symptoms, which are similar to those of histamine release, is not clear. The steroidal neuromuscular relaxants (NMRs), unlike muscle relaxants structurally similar to curare, have been shown not to cause histamine release after the administration of typical clinical doses. Histamine levels in plasma reflect a balance between release and catabolism. In humans, histamine N-methyl-transferase (HNMT) is the enzyme primarily degrading for histamine. Therefore, we performed in vitro kinetic studies of purified HNMT to determine the effects of the steroidal and curare-like NMRs and also of gallamine on histamine catabolism. We demonstrated that all NMRs tested were inhibitors of HNMT in vitro. The inhibition was competitive with respect to the cosubstrate S-adenosyl-L-[3H-methyl] methionine, and noncompetitive with respect to histamine. The rank order of inhibition was vecuronium greater than pancuronium greater than gallamine greater than d-tubocurarine greater than metocurine greater than atracurium greater than pipecuronium, with Ki values ranging from 1.2 to 44.8 microM. Our data suggest that HNMT-based radioenzymatic assays for histamine should be susceptible to inhibition by concurrent use of NMRs, particularly vecuronium.
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PMID:Inhibition of histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) in vitro by neuromuscular relaxants. 196 37

A 59-year-old male presented with systemic mastocytosis with extensive skeletal involvement resulting in vertebral compression fractures and bone pain. Histomorphometric analysis of bone revealed increased mast cells, elevated static parameters of bone resorption, and low bone formation. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were normal; however, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and osteocalcin levels were low. Histamine levels in plasma and urine were elevated. Following therapy with ketotifen, the patient had resolution of bone pain along with decreased flushing and pruritus. Elevated plasma and urine histamine levels normalized, as did 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and osteocalcin levels. Indices of low bone formation improved on therapy. Eroded surfaces improved but remained elevated. This case is the first demonstration that bone symptoms and histomorphometric change in systemic mastocytosis are reversed with inhibition of mast cell degranulation. The role of mast cells and their products in bone metabolism is poorly understood, but the therapy of bone disease in systemic mastocytosis should include inhibition of the release of mast cell products along with the use of histamine antagonist.
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PMID:Inhibition of mediator release in systemic mastocytosis is associated with reversal of bone changes. 227 Jul 75

Histamine is well recognized as a product of both mast cells and basophils. Its release from these sources in IgE-mediated reactions unquestionably contributes to the allergic response. It is often stated that ingestion of foods rich in histamine can result in absorption of sufficient histamine to provoke signs and symptoms reminiscent of an allergic reaction. A review of literature relevant to this issue suggests that certain foods do indeed contain histamine as measured by current methodology. Further, histamine ingestion in excess of 36 to 250 mg may or may not result in a clinical response which includes abdominal complaints, feelings of warmth, flushing and headache. Taken together, this evidence supports the hypothesis that ingestion of large amounts of histamine-containing foods or foods which contain the histamine precursor, histidine, under some circumstances can result in adverse reactions.
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PMID:Histamine in foods: its possible role in non-allergic adverse reactions to ingestants. 330 58

Between 1976 and 1986, 258 incidents of suspected scombrotoxic fish poisoning were reported in Britain. Histamine analysis was carried out on 240 fish samples from these incidents, and 101 were found to contain greater than 5 mg histamine/100 g fish. The symptoms most consistently reported were rash, diarrhoea, flushing and headache. In recent years there has been a decrease in the number of confirmed scombrotoxic outbreaks and a trend towards more sporadic incidents. Of fish samples with greater than 20 mg histamine/100 g, 94% were from incidents in which scombrotoxic symptoms were characteristic, but where fish had 5-20 mg/100 g only 38% of incidents were clinically distinctive. Guidelines are presented based on the interpretation of quantitative histamine analysis of fish samples from scombrotoxic poisoning incidents.
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PMID:Scombrotoxic fish poisoning in Britain: features of over 250 suspected incidents from 1976 to 1986. 342 80

The Oriental flushing reaction is an adverse response to alcohol that appears to be genetically determined. In this study, the Oriental flushing reaction that was produced with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by antihistamine administration. A group of 17 subjects was tested. Each subject received placebo, diphenhydramine 50 mg (H-1 receptor antagonist), and cimetidine 300 mg (H-2 receptor antagonist) singularly and in combination. Alcohol was then administered orally. Most subjects given placebo experienced the typical flushing reaction that included a cutaneous flush, increase in skin temperature, decrease in blood pressure, increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness, and nausea. The flush, temperature and systolic hypotension were significantly blocked by the combined antihistamine administration. Cimetidine given alone blocked the flush, temperature increase, and systolic hypotension significantly more than diphenhydramine but less than the combined antihistamines. Diphenhydramine was similar to placebo in its effect on the flushing reaction. The role of histamine in the expression of tolerance to alcohol is not known. Antihistamine antagonism of the adverse flushing reaction suggests that histamine receptors may participate in the intolerance to ethanol in Orientals. Histamine may be an important protective factor in the low prevalence of alcoholism in Orientals.
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PMID:Histamine receptor antagonism of intolerance to alcohol in the Oriental population. 368 Dec 77

Cefotiam (CTM) is one of the most popular cephem antibiotics in Japan. Recently we experienced two cases of nurses with CTM-induced contact anaphylaxis. When they were preparing drip infusions of antibiotics or working around other nurses doing so, they suddenly fell into shock with other symptoms such as flushing, urticaria, abdominal distress, vomiting, dyspnoea and/or loss of consciousness. The symptoms never occurred after they avoided exposure to CTM. Passive cutaneous or open patch tests were positive for CTM. Histamine release was induced by CTM from washed leucocytes. RAST analysis using CTM-human serum albumin-coupled discs showed high % RAST count, suggesting that these reactions were mediated by IgE antibodies. A RAST inhibition test suggested that the methyl-thiotetrazole side-chain was the main antigenic determinant. Both patients had hand dermatitis that had appeared preceding the episodes of anaphylaxis. Although the dermatitis had been resistant to treatments, it also disappeared after they avoided exposure to CTM. It seemed likely that it was also induced or exacerbated by CTM and facilitated the penetration of CTM to cause anaphylaxis. The literature is also reviewed.
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PMID:Cefotiam-induced IgE-mediated occupational contact anaphylaxis of nurses; case reports, RAST analysis, and a review of the literature. 751 90

We report a case of bullous mastocytosis in a 30-month-old girl, who developed disseminated pruritic urticarial and bullous lesions on the trunk accompanied by episodes of vomiting and generalized flushing. Her problems began at the age of 6 months. Her stool was repeatedly positive for occult blood. Histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were measured in the urine and serum; urine 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were elevated. In addition, trypsin and chymotrypsin levels were raised in the blister fluid. Metachromatic staining of the mast cells in a skin biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis. A combination of oral disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen produced a dramatic improvement of the cutaneous and gastrointestinal features.
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PMID:[Bullous mastocytosis in a child]. 917 60


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