Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are well-established risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and the relationship of dose to cancer risk has already been described. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of these two factors has been reported. Our case-control study revealed the odds ratio of ESCC to be 50.1 for those who were both heavy smokers and heavy drinkers in comparison to people who neither drank nor smoked. In patients with ESCC, head and neck cancers as well as dysplastic lesions are frequently observed. Heavy smoking and heavy drinking are closely related to such multicentric carcinogenesis events in the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), including the esophagus and head andneck region. Polymorphisms in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) are reported to be a key event in deciding individual susceptibility to UADT cancer. Patients with inactive ALDH2, in whom facial flushing is usually observed after the drinking of alcohol, are at high risk for ESCC as well as multiple UADT cancers. For the early detection of the disease, effective follow up using endoscopy with Lugol staining or narrow band imaging endoscopy is strongly recommended for high-risk populations, such as smokers, heavy drinkers, people with experience of flushing after the drinking of alcohol, and patients with UADT cancer.
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PMID:Alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: epidemiology, clinical findings, and prevention. 2022 84

Individuals with an inactive acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 have an. elevated level of serum acetaldehyde after drinking alcohol, and this may cause an alcohol flushing response with symptoms such as facial flushing, tachycardia, headache, and nausea. Recent studies have suggested that the flushing response influences the association between alcohol consumption and various health-related outcomes. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the flushing response on the relationship between alcohol consumption and serum y -GTP levels in Japanese drinkers. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 521 Japanese drinkers (260 men and 261 'vomen) to examine the impact of the alcohol flushing response on the relationship between alcohol consumption and serum y -GTP levels. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the amount .of daily alcohol consumption. (low, <20 g; moderate, 20-39 g;. and high, >40 g). Multiple adjustments were performed with linear regression models to examine the association between daily alcohol consumption and serum y-GTP levels, adjusting for potential con- founders including the flushing response. We found that the proportion of flushers was significantly lower in the high alcohol consumption group than in the low consumption group. The results of a multivariable analysis showed that,serum y -GTP levels were significantly higher in the moderate and high consumption groups than in the low consumption group after. adjusting for all potential confounders other than the flushing response. In addition, the association between serum y -GTP levels and alcohol consumption was unchanged after adjusting for the presence of the flushing response. In conclusion, serum y -GTP levels increased with increasing alcohol-consumption regardless of the flushing response. Screening for heavy drinkers using serum y-GTP levels was very important to prevent alcohol-related diseases or health problems in health examination.
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PMID:Impact of Flushing Response on the Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase: the KOBE study. 3048 Sep 3