Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because relatively undiluted concentrations of drugs are maintained for prolonged periods in the Y-side arm of rapidly flowing iv infusions, we visually determined compatibilities of ten commonly used cancer chemotherapy drugs and four adjunctive drugs including droperidol, metoclopramide, furosemide, and heparin. Droperidol was found to be incompatible with furosemide, methotrexate, leucovorin, heparin, and 5-FU. Furosemide was incompatible with metoclopramide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and vinblastine in addition to droperidol. Doxorubicin was incompatible with heparin. If these drugs were administered sequentially into the Y-side arm of an iv infusion, precipitation would be expected with drug inactivation and possible drug embolization to the pulmonary circulation. Flushing the Y-side arm with a compatible solution after drug administration will prevent this problem.
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PMID:Drug precipitation within i.v. tubing: a potential hazard of chemotherapy administration. 409 96

There is an ever-increasing number of therapeutics used to treat cancer. A recent publication listed 86 currently available antineoplastic medications. Despite this large number, hypersensitivity reactions are not common except with platinum compounds (cisplatin, carboplatin), epipodophyllotoxins (teniposide, etoposide), asparaginase, taxanes (paclitaxel), and procarbazine. Doxorubicin and 6-mercaptopurine are occasionally associated with hypersensitivity reaction. Comparable reactions with other chemotherapeutic agents are. uncommon; many are only anecdotal reports. Reactions associated with individual drugs are discussed in detail. The mechanisms responsible for most of these reactions are not known, as they have generally not been evaluated. The term "hypersensitivity" is widely used in the chemotherapy literature without a common definition. Hypersensitivity is defined here as an unexpected reaction with signs and symptoms not consistent with known toxicity of the drug. Most reactions are coincident with or within hours of drug administration. Almost all are associated with parenteral administration. Symptoms include flushing, alterations in heart rate and blood pressure, dyspnea and bronchospasm, back pain, fever, pruritus, nausea and all types of rashes. Some cases may be due to non-immune mediated release of histamine or cytokines, as many patients can subsequently tolerate re-exposure after pretreatment with steroids and antihistamine, and slow readministration of the drug. This is more compatible with a graded challenge, than desensitization and is generally successful for taxanes, less so for platinum compounds. In most cases hypersensitivity reactions are associated with the specific chemotherapeutic drug. Reaction rates may vary with different forms of the drugs, e.g. pegylated. Occasionally excipients such as Cremaphor EL may induce hypersensitivity reactions.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs. 1272 96

Spontaneous reporting system (SRS) datais currently an important source of monitoring and finding ADRs signals throughout the world. This method can promptly and effectively discover ADR signals, thus preventing and avoiding ADRs effectively. Parenterally administered Shenmai has the functions of benefiting vital energy, nourishing Yin and generating body fluids, and activating the pulse. Clinically it is used in various diseases including shock, coronary heart disease, viral myocarditis, chronic pulmonary heart disease, and granulocytopenia. The large, national SRS database of ADRs needs effective evaluation methods. We report on the use of Bayesian confidence propagation neural network method (BCPNN) and proportional reporting ration (PRR) with propensity score to control for confounding variables. Early warning signs of an ADR are, a feeling of suffocation (difficulty exhaling), anaphylactoid reactions and flushing. Furthermore, relevant relationships between the different factors is analysed by association rules (AR). It is found that there is a close relationship between past history of ADRs, a family history of ADRs and itching.
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PMID:[Spontaneous reporting system data analysis of parenterally administered Shenmai]. 2447 17

This paper adopted a series of related analysis methods to comprehensively analyze post-marketing clinical safety data of Shenmai injection from 4,220 cases of SRS and 32,358 cases of multicenter, prospective, registered hospital centralized monitoring in large data background, calculated ADR incidence rate was 0.93 per 1,000, main symptoms of ADR includes chest pain, chills, skin itching, palpitations, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, flushing, numbness, allergic reaction, cyanosis, rash, low back pain, and "breath", "anaphylactoid reaction" and "flush" were the safety warning signals of Shenmai injection. Primary disease for chronic pulmonary heart disease, thyroid disease, and combined with cerebral vascular disease, prior to the injection and continuous use of alprostadil, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, combined with quinolones, penicillins were suspicious influence factors of ADR of Shenmai injection, these promot the clinical safety.
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PMID:[Post-marketing clinical safety assessment of Shenmai injection based on active monitoring and passive monitoring in large data background]. 2724 17

Male erectile dysfunction is common and frustrating after the age of forty years. Erectile dysfunction is a cause of misery, relationship difficulties, and significantly reduced quality of life. Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) has shown promising results in recently published clinical trials. Sildenafil is a potent and competitive inhibitor of cGMp specific phosphodiesterase-5, predominant isoenzyme in the human corpus cavernosum. It is effective in erectile dysfunction of diverse origin, however it requires a patent vascular system to be effective. It is not effective in patients with endocrinal impotence, loss of libido, premature ejaculation or infertility. Its main adverse effects are headache, flushing, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, nasal congestion, indigestion, visual disturbances, dizziness and rash. Ventricular tachycardia and acute myocardial infraction have been reported in patients of ischaemic heart disease after consumption of sildenafil. Six deaths have been reported in patients taking nitrates. In India it is likely to be prescribed by a primary care physician without complete evaluation of patient on complaint of impotence. Hence the ethical question of who should prescribe this drug should be addressed by medical fraternity and proper guidelines formulated to avoid misuse of sildenafil. Phosphodiesterase is distributed in nerve, central nervous system, and systemic vasculature, hence long-term effects of drug on these tissues has to be ascertained. It should be made mandatory to report all adverse drug reactions to ADR monitoring centres. It is a wonder for those who require it, but has potentially dangerous adverse effects and drug interactions and hence is and not a wonder pill for all kinds of impotence.
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PMID:VIAGRA : IS IT A WONDER DRUG ? 2736 78