Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of histamine on parathyroid function was studied in two patients. 2.75 mg histamine phosphate administered intravenously over 120 minutes induced the well known clinical effects such as facial flushing, fall in blood pressure and increase in heart rate. But the serum calcium concentration, serum immunoreactive parathormone concentration, urinary excretion of cAMP and tubular phosphate reabsorption did not change significantly. It is concluded that stimulation of histamine receptors does not play an important role in the regulation of parathyroid activity.
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PMID:Histamine and parathyroid activity. 632 33

VIP containing nerves are present in the kidney and plasma VIP levels are elevated in cardiac failure and severe liver disease. We studied the effects of intravenous VIP; 6 pmol kg-1 min-1 on 6 normal subjects and 3 patients with liver disease. In normal subjects VIP produced flushing and significant rises in heart rate and pulse pressure but the clearance rates of paraaminohippurate and creatinine did not change significantly. Urine flow fell to about 1/3 and the rate of excretion of electrolytes (except phosphate) fell to about a half of control values. Plasma renin activity rose about 3-fold and there were significant rises in haematocrit and the plasma concentrations of solids, calcium and phosphate. The patients with liver disease responded similarly. Elevated plasma VIP could contribute to salt and water retention in disease states.
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PMID:Renal function during vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) infusions in normal man and patients with liver disease. 638 98

A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining eight common anti-epileptic drugs and metabolites in serum is described. A column-switching system including one analytical column and two precolumns for sample enrichment offers the possibility of directly injecting patients' sera without any pretreatment. The two precolumns are alternately switched over to avoid time loss in analysis due to the sample washing step. The samples are flushed with dilute phosphoric acid, as the purge liquid, onto the precolumns which consist of very short cartridges (length 0.5 cm) filled with spherical ODS silica gel (particle size 30 micron). The retained substances are carried over, after purification, onto the analytical column in the same direction of flow as in the flushing step. A mixture of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid--sodium phosphate buffer solution is thereby used as solvent for the gradient elution. The separation was carried out using an analytical column, which was filled with ODS material of particle size 5 micron.
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PMID:Routine determination of eight common anti-epileptic drugs and metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography using a column-switching system for direct injection of serum samples. 650 25

A technique for successfully freezing, thawing and transferring rabbit embryos has been developed. Morula stage embryos were collected from super-ovulated female rabbits by flushing both oviducts and uterine horns with a tissue culture medium. Well developed, viable embryos were then transferred to freezing vials and a cryoprotectant, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added in several steps to bring its final concentration to 1.6 molar. To freeze the embryos the temperature was lowered slowly (either 0.5 degrees C/min or 1.0 degrees C/min) to -80 degrees C at which point the vials were transferred directly to liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). Thawing was done at 8 degrees C/min. After thawing, phosphate buffered saline was added in a stepwise manner to dilute the DMSO. The thawed embryos were then cultured at 37 degrees C. Transfer of the embryos was accomplished by laparotomizing a pseudopregnant doe and introducing the embryos into the fimbriated ends of the oviducts. The 101 positively transferred embryos resulted in 45 implantations and 34 live born young.
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PMID:A successful technique for the preservation of rabbit embryos. 651 10

Rat kidneys were flushed in situ with selected preservation solutions prior to clamping the renal vessels for 1 hour. Collins and Euro-Collins flushing solutions did not appear to protect the physiologic or morphologic status of rat kidneys when examined 2 days after the ischemic insult. These experimental groups exhibited serum creatinine levels similar to those seen in ischemic controls, correspondingly low urine creatinine levels, anuria, and significant deterioration of the uriniferous tubules as revealed by light and electron microscopy. In situ flushing with hypertonic Sacks or isotonic phosphate-buffered sucrose solutions, however, resulted in significant improvements in serum and urine creatinine levels, prevented anuria, and dramatically improved the morphologic integrity of the uriniferous tubules. Flushing with a phosphate-buffered sucrose solution that contained ATP-MgCl2 further improved the physiologic and morphologic status of ischemic kidneys to the point that they were indistinguishable from the nonischemic controls. The degree of protection obtained by flushing kidneys with the isotonic phosphate-buffered sucrose solution plus ATP-MgCl2 is greater than that provided by any other single pretreatment or posttreatment for ischemia that is currently available. We, therefore, believe that the use of this procedure can provide a valuable approach to surgical situations in which postischemic acute renal failure is a potential problem.
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PMID:Protection of kidneys from acute renal failure resulting from normothermic ischemia. 660 9

The steroid hormone has an important role in the early stages of reproduction. There has been abundant histochemical evidence that oocytes contain steroid hormones and are able to synthesize these hormones. But there have been few methods of analyzing one oocyte biochemically because it is too small and light. In order to study steroidogenesis in the oocyte, a microassay method sensitive enough to analyze the enzyme activities in one oocyte was developed using enzymatic cyling for amplifying the reaction product to 10,000-fold. An oil-well technique and a microtube method were applied in the assay for achieving the reaction in a medium as small as 1.0 to 5.0 microliters under a stereomicroscope. Immature Wistar rats were superovulated by PMS-hCG administration. Oocytes were collected by puncturing the follicle and flushing the tube. They were freeze-dried after washing to remove cumulus cells. The dry weight of one oocyte was 51.2 +/- 6.2 ng in a quartz fiber fishpole balance. The activity of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) (picomol/oocyte/hr, substrate:pregnenolone) in the PMS-treated oocyte was 2.66 +/- 0.59, which corresponds to 3 times the activity of the ovarian homogenate as control, indicating the high capacity of oocytes to produce progesterone. The activity increased significantly (P less than 0.01) by hCG administration up to 4.17 +/- 0.29 after ovulation, suggesting that gonadotropin regulates steroidogenesis in the oocyte. The activities of G6PD and 6PGD were 8.41 +/- 1.09 picomol/oocyte/min and 3.85 +/- 2.02 picomol/oocyte/hr, respectively. The high activity of G6PD (more than 10 times that of the ovarian homogenate) suggests that the pentose phosphate shunt concerned with steroidogenesis is active in the oocyte. HCG decreased the activities of both G6PD and 6PGD. The present results show that steroidogenesis in the oocyte is very active under the control of gonadotropin, suggesting that steroid hormones may play an important role in oocyte maturation, ovulation and fertilization.
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PMID:[Studies on steroidogenesis in the oocyte]. 696 20

Lectins conjugated with either peroxidase or ferritin were used to detect specific monosaccharide residues on the luminal front of he fenestrated endothelium in the capillaries of murine pancreas and intestinal mucosa. The lectins tested recognize, if accessible, the following residues: alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl (soybean lectin), beta-D-galactosyl (peanut agglutinin [PA] and Ricinus communis agglutinin-120 [RCA]), beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl and sialyl residues (wheat germ agglutinin [WGA]), alpha-L-fucosyl (lotus tetragonolobus lectin), and alpha-D-glucosyl and beta-D-mannosyl (concanavalin A [ConA]). Thi labeled lectins were introduced by perfusion in situ after thoroughly flushing with phosphate-buffered saline the microvascular beds under investigation. Specimens were fixed by perfusion, and subsequently processed for peroxidase detection and electron microscopy. Control experiments included perfusion with: (a) unlabeled lectin before lectin conjugate; (b) labeled lectin together with the cognate hapten sugar, and (c) horseradish peroxidase or ferritin alone. Binding sites were found to be relatively homogeneously distributed on the plasmalemma proper, except for Lotus tetragonolobus lectin and Con A, which frequently bound in patches. Plasmalemmal vesicles, transendothelial channels, and their associated diaphragms were particularly rich in residues recognized by RCA and PA (beta-D-galactosyl residues) and by WGA (beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl residues). Receptors for all lectins tested appeared to be absent or considerably less concentrated on fenestral diaphragms. The results reported here extend and complement previous findings on the existence of microdomains generated by the preferential distribution of chemically different anionic sites (Simionescu et al., 1981, J. Cell Biol., 9:605-613 and 614-621).
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PMID:Differentiated microdomains on the luminal surface of capillary endothelium: distribution of lectin receptors. 710 6

A microassay method sensitive enough to analyze the enzyme activities in one oocyte was developed using enzymatic cycling for amplifying the reaction product to 10,000 fold. An oil-well technique was applied in the assay for achieving the reaction in the medium as small as 1.0 to 5.0 microliter. Immature Wistar rats were superovulated by PMS-hCG administration. Oocytes were collected by the puncture of the follicle and the flushing of the tube. They were freeze-dried after washing to remove cumulus cells. The dry weight was about 50ng on a quartz fiber fishpole balance. The activity of hexokinase was 1.75 +/- 0.14 picomol/oocyte/hr corresponding to one-tenth of the ovarian homogenate as control, indicating low capacity of glucose utilization in the oocyte. The activities of G6PD, LDH, and MDH were 8.41 +/- 0.34, 35.7 +/- 2.89. 11.1 +/- 2.5 picomol/oocyte/min, respectively. High activity of G6PD suggests the pentose phosphate shunt concerned with steroidogenesis is active in the oocyte. HCG increased the activities of hexokinase and MDH and decreased that of G6PD. The activity of LDH remained unchanged.
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PMID:[Study of energy metabolism in the oocyte by cycling method]. 717 80

Organ preservation is the supply line for organ transplantation. Currently, the liver, pancreas, and kidney can be successfully preserved for up to two days by flushing the organs with the University of Wisconsin (UW) organ preservation solution and storing them at hypothermia (0-5 degree C). The UW solution is effective because it uses a number of cell impermeant agents (lactobionic acid, raffinose, hydroxyethyl starch) that prevent the cells from swelling during cold ischemic storage. Additionally, the UW solution contains glutathione and adenosine, agents that may stimulate recovery of normal metabolism upon reperfusion by augmenting the antioxidant capacity of the organs (glutathione) or by stimulating high-energy phosphate generation (adenosine) upon reperfusion. Although this method of organ preservation is effective, some organs (5-15% of livers and 20-30% of kidneys) do not function well upon transplant. Injury may be preservation related but may also result from donor and recipient factors that render the organs more susceptible to preservation damage. Results with continuous perfusion of kidneys in the clinics show a reduction in preservation/reperfusion damage. This may be a more appropriate preservation method than cold storage. In this chapter we discuss the development and use of the UW solution and present clinical results. Although intraabdominal organs are well preserved at present, intrathoracic organs (lungs and heart) are less well preserved, and better methods for preservation of these organs are needed for increased use of lung and heart transplantation.
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PMID:Organ preservation. 759 60

We have examined the relationship between the number of nuclei of an osteoclast and its volume. Chick and rat cells were released from long bones by chopping the shafts and flushing the fragments in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium with added 10% fetal calf serum. The bone cell suspension was seeded onto glass coverslips. In Experiment 1, rat and chick cells were allowed to settle for 15 minutes, more medium was then added, and the cells were cultured in 5% CO2 at 37 degrees C for 4 hours. In Experiment 2, only rat cells were used, and the cells were cultured in the presence or absence of 10(-6) M 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) in the medium for 4 or 6 hours. The coverslips were washed in 37 degrees C phosphate-buffered saline and fixed for 24 hours in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in isotonic cacodylate buffer (initially 37 degrees C). The chick cells were critical point dried (CPD) or freeze dried (FD); all rat cells were FD. After drying, cells were coated with gold by vacuum evaporation. The volumes and areas of osteoclasts were measured using a video-rate, line-confocal reflection laser scanning microscope and the number of nuclei in each cell was counted. The volumes and volumes per nucleus of the FD cells were larger than those of the CPD cells but there was no significant difference in plan-areas. Rat osteoclasts were larger than chick cells in all the measured parameters except the mean number of nuclei/cell. The correlation coefficients for the areas, volumes, and the numbers of nuclei for rat and chick cells were all high (r > 0.725). The volumes and volumes per nucleus, but not the areas or areas per nucleus, of the osteoclasts cultured with APD were significantly smaller than control cells. We conclude that FD causes less shrinkage than CPD; chick osteoclasts are about two-thirds the size of rat osteoclasts; and 10(-6) M APD caused a reduction of rat osteoclast volume and volume per nucleus of 21%.
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PMID:Volumes of chick and rat osteoclasts cultured on glass. 762 46


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