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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cyanide is notoriously known to the public for more than a century now as a weapon of mass destruction (Zyklon B gas - hydrogen cyanide used by Nazis), an agent for chemical warfare during World War I (hydrogen cyanide) and very infamous "Suicide Pill" used in the past by military and espionage organizations during World War II (potassium cyanide). During the modern industrial era, cyanide poisoning is commonly associated with the industrial exposure and domestic fires. But there is little awareness about potentially fatal consequences of cyanide poisoning from common food sources. Here, we present the case report of a 79-year-old female with acute cyanide poisoning from improperly prepared cassava leaves. Symptoms from ingested toxin may start a few hours after exposure, which include headache, confusion, ataxia, seizures, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, flushing, and itching of the skin. Patients may develop hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, hepatic necrosis, rhabdomyolysis, and metabolic acidosis; a multisystem manifestation of hypoxia at the cellular level. Multiple treatment strategies are available to treat cyanide poisoning, including sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, and hydroxycobalamine. This is one of the scenarios where a thorough history, awareness of agents causing cyanide toxicity and knowledge of clinical manifestations can help avoid delays in prompt decision-making for appropriate treatment, thus reducing morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital course.
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PMID:Case Report of Lethal Toxin Lurking in an Edible Plant. 3190 2

The utilization of swine wastewater is affected by salinity and pH owing to the extensive use with seawater instead of domestic water as swine farm flushing water in coastal city. Therefore, swine wastewater pretreated with thermophilic bacteria was used as fermentation substrate in this work, the effects of salinity and pH on dark fermentation under mesophilic condition were investigated. The research showed that 1.5% salinity and pH 6.0 were the optimal conditions for hydrogen production with swine wastewater. The activity of hydrogenogen was inhibited at 3.5% salinity and pH 5.0. Soluble organic matter in substrate was accumulated under high salinity and alkaline conditions. The utilization of carbohydrate during dark fermentation was up to 61.1% at 1.5% salinity and 51.5% at pH 9.0. Enhancing of salinity and pH had an advantage in accumulation of total soluble metabolites. Acetate was the main metabolite during dark fermentation, and 1.5% salinity contributed to the formation of butyrate.
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PMID:Effect of salinity and pH on dark fermentation with thermophilic bacteria pretreated swine wastewater. 3277 4


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