Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Elevated blood pressure is a risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, cardiac failure and cerebrovascular disease. The prevailing view is that an elevated systolic rather than diastolic blood pressure is the major contributor in mortality and morbidity attributed to cardiovascular disorders. Isolated high systolic blood pressure, especially in the elderly, is a major risk factor and should undoubtedly be a target for drug treatment. In the general population, systolic and diastolic blood pressure are highly correlated, and thus it is difficult to dissociate the effects of these two components of the blood pressure and specifically ascribe cardiovascular risk factors to just elevated systolic blood pressure. Therefore, the goal in therapy of an individual with hypertension must be to reduce elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure in order to reduce mortality and morbidity. ACE and neutral peptidase inhibitors are a new class of drugs that may be beneficial in the treatment of patients with hypertension and heart failure. They may also be useful in the treatment of diabetic patients with hypertension and/or heart failure. Drugs of this class are dual inhibitors of ACE and neutral endopeptidase, and are capable of affecting vascular tone and fluid balance. They are capable of producing vasodilatation by virtue of inhibiting the production of angiotensin II, degradation of natriuretic peptides and bradykinin. They also appear to promote natriuresis and diuresis by amplifying the actions of natriuretic peptidase and reducing aldosterone effects. In addition, they should also attenuate trophogenic actions of the renin angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system. Omapatrilat is one drug that appears to be at the advanced stages of clinical development. This drug has been shown to be quite effective in the treatment of hypertension. Evidence also seems to indicate that treatment with omapatrilat results in a higher tendency towards preventing death and worsening heart failure when compared with treatment with a pure ACE inhibitor in patients with advanced heart failure. Overall safety with omapatrilat appears to be good, but like other ACE inhibitors the incidence of cough is higher when compared with placebo. Other common adverse effects noted are headaches, facial flushing/warm sensation, dizziness, nausea and dyspnoea. Of greater concern is the occurrence of angio-oedema, the true incidence of which remains to be fully established as part of the published medical literature.
 ...
PMID:Dual ACE and neutral endopeptidase inhibitors: novel therapy for patients with cardiovascular disorders. 1501 94

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynaecological disease associated with pain and infertility, which occurs in humans and menstruating primates. In this study, the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), which is a non-menstruating primate with high circulating estrogen levels, was used to test firstly the hypothesis that endometriosis is based on uterine shedding into the peritoneal cavity, secondly to study the pathogenesis of endometriosis due to its estrogenic situation. Female marmoset monkeys (n = 29) were exposed to two different experimental procedures (non-invasive versus invasive) for intrapelvic placement of endometrial cells by uterine flushing over an experimental period of 2-3 years. First endometriotic foci were detected by colour Doppler ultrasound at the bladder, the uterus and the ovaries at the earliest after 4 months of either treatments. However, invasive induction was more effective in terms of the time-course of induction and the number of resulting endometriotic foci. The analysis of the endometriotic foci by histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques allowed a division into two distinct groups: an initial developing stage occurred, which under further treatment led to the second stage of established endometriosis. Both procedures showed a treatment-dependent increase of vascular supply to the endometriotic foci over the experimental period. The invasive method induced the final established stage of endometriosis more rapidly, with the expression of steroid receptors, aromatase, 17betaHSD1 and CD10. Altogether, 72% of the treated marmoset monkeys developed endometriosis under our endometrial reflux protocols. Our data support the theory that endometriosis can be induced artificially in a non-menstruating primate (C. jacchus) by endometrial shedding into the peritoneal cavity. Because the marmoset is a primate with very high peripheral estrogen levels, this offers an interesting model for studying the pathogenesis of this estrogen-dependent disease, as well as for therapeutic impacts on enzymes involved in steroid metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Induction of endometriosis in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). 1660 6