Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, 22 males and 29 females with a mean age of 51 (range, 28 to 65 years), were studied for more than 12 months in a controlled clinical trial with nitrendipine, a new calcium antagonist agent. No differences in age, severity of hypertension, and other risk factors between the two sexes were detected. Forty-four of 51 patients completed the study, and 38 (86.4%) achieved a normalization of blood pressure. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 196.0 +/- 12.9 mm Hg (means +/- SD) during placebo to 171.2 +/- 9.5 mm Hg (12.6%, p less than 0.001) after 12 months. Mean diastolic blood pressure at the same time decreased from 109.0 +/- 5.2 mm Hg to 88.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (18.8%, p less than 0.001). Heart rate also decreased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.01) after the fifth week. A significant change in weight was not observed throughout the trial. Plasma potassium remained unchanged during the year, and plasma sodium after a transient increase (p less than 0.001) in the fifth week returned very close to basal levels in the sixth month. Side-effects were observed in 17 patients, 5 of whom had to leave the trial, but in the rest they were usually mild and transient. These were mainly frontal and occipital headache, facial flushing, ankle and pretibial oedema, and dizziness. No relationship was detected between side-effects and body weight or plasma sodium disturbances. Preliminary data on a separate group of 27 elderly patients (66-83 years) showed a better and faster effect of nitrendipine given in low doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1984
PMID:Clinical experience with long-term nitrendipine treatment in essential hypertension. 608 73

In a randomized cross-over trial in 23 patients with essential hypertension, a new peripheral vasodilator, endralazine, in a dose of 10-20 mg t.i.d. was compared with dihydralazine in a dose of 25-50 mg t.i.d. All patients also received pindolol (a beta-blocker) in a dose of 5-15 mg t.i.d. The lowest dose of both drugs was given to all patients for 2 weeks and was increased only if indicated. Endralazine was more effective than dihydralazine, but the side effects were about the same in frequency and severity, apart from flushing, which was more common with endralazine. Patients receiving endralazine in the second phase of the cross-over design continued to be treated with endralazine for a period of 10-12 months. Blood pressure control remained good during this time, and the dosage was slightly reduced. No side effects suggestive of drug-induced lupus were seen, and only borderline changes in immunological tests [antinuclear antibodies (ANA)] in one patient were seen. One patient was reported to have lupus erythematosus (LE) cells in the peripheral blood but the ANA test was negative. Endralazine appears to be a useful new drug for the treatment of hypertension.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol
PMID:Endralazine, a new peripheral vasodilator--a randomized cross-over trial against dihydralazine. 618 29

We constructed a model of the human arterial circulation that can be used to test laser angioplasty catheters and techniques on obstructed human coronary arteries under simulated physiologic conditions of blood pressure and flow. In this model system, a balloon-tipped catheter with a central, 0.02-cm light fiber was used to deliver 4 W of laser energy to two obstructed human cadaver coronary artery segments and four normal dog femoral artery segments. Flushing the catheter with saline during the lases minimized lateral thermal tissue damage. Channels were created in the obstructed arteries that were twice the diameter of the light fiber used to lase. One of four dog arteries perforated, underscoring the potential hazards of the procedure and the need for laser catheters that are flexible and capable of precise alignment.
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1984
PMID:Transcatheter laser dissolution of human atherosclerotic plaques: a model for testing catheters and techniques. 623 95

Since laser energy has been shown to produce controlled thermal injury to atherosclerotic plaques from postmortem human hearts, a 3-mm diameter fiberoptic catheter was devised and tested for use in peripheral vessels. The catheter has channels for viewing, laser delivery, and suction/flushing. In five femoral or carotid arteries from three dogs implanted with near-total human atherosclerotic obstructions, the fiberoptic catheter was capable of viewing and targeting the atherosclerotic plaque for laser irradiation. The plaque was vaporized using 5 watts with time exposures lasting from 2 to 5 sec from an argon-ion laser. In three other animals each implanted with a 3- to 4-cm long segment of human cadaver atherosclerotic vessel, the fiberoptic catheter clearly visualized the internal diseased vascular wall. Thus, this investigation provides the initial demonstration and practicality of applying a flexible dual fiberoptic catheter for simultaneous in vivo visualization and laser vaporization of peripheral atherosclerotic disease.
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1984
PMID:Intraoperative use of dual fiberoptic catheter for simultaneous in vivo visualization and laser vaporization of peripheral atherosclerotic obstructive disease. 671 30

In a group of 95 patients having cardiac operations with extracorporeal circulation, intravenous (IV) amiodarone, administered in doses of 2.5 to 5 mg/kg, was used in the treatment of various perioperative arrhythmias. Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 55 (61%) of 90 patients with supraventricular arrhythmias, the other patients showing a satisfactory slowing of their heart rate. Total suppression and control was obtained in 18 patients with persistent ventricular extrasystoles associated with various supraventricular arrhythmias. Amiodarone was administered in five patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias resistant to other antiarrhythmic agents: Suppression was obtained in one of two patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardias and control was achieved in three patients with repetitive ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, allowing the effective use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) needed for hemodynamic support. Seven patients experienced minor side effects such as nausea or flushing. No complete atrioventricular (AV) block was noted. Significant hypotension occurred at the end of the IV injection in 17 (18%) patients. In all but five patients, hypotenion was transient, without clinical complications. In the five others, adrenergic drugs in four cases and IABP in one case were necessary. Those five patients had marked cardiomegaly with poor myocardial contractility. IV bolus injection of amiodarone seems prohibited in such patients; constant infusion would be preferable.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981 Feb
PMID:Intravenous amiodarone in the treatment of various arrhythmias following cardiac operations. 745 41

The efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine (5 mg, once daily), nifedipine retard (20 mg, twice daily), and placebo were compared in a multicenter, three-way, crossover study involving 97 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Each patient underwent three, 2-week treatment periods separated by 2-week washout periods without therapy. Comparable and significant (p < 0.05) blood pressure reductions were observed after amlodipine and nifedipine retard when compared with placebo, except in the case of supine systolic blood pressure with nifedipine retard. A significantly greater incidence of treatment-related side effects was observed with nifedipine retard (41%) compared with amlodipine (27%, p < 0.05) or placebo (16%, p < 0.01). Amlodipine treatment was associated with significantly fewer reports of headache and flushing than nifedipine retard (p < 0.05). The lower incidence and reduced severity of vasodilator side effects associated with amlodipine resulted in fewer withdrawals and a better overall tolerability profile.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993
PMID:Side effects of dihydropyridine therapy: comparison of amlodipine and nifedipine retard. 752 87

The Blood Shield is a new device which has been developed to attach easily to the tip of a conventional suction catheter. Two experiments were performed to determine if the Blood Shield could limit the degree of splash which occurs during vascular graft flushing and whether it could increase the efficiency of a standard suction tip in collecting shed blood for autotransfusion. The results of the experiments indicate that the Blood Shield, when added to a conventional suction catheter, diminishes the amount of spray which may occur during anastomotic flushing. Secondly, it more effectively collects blood from a flushed anastomosis or arteriotomy in comparison with a suction catheter alone.
Cardiovasc Surg 1995 Aug
PMID:Improvement in suction catheter efficiency and safety in arterial operations. 758

The excitatory amino acid antagonists are being developed as neuroprotective drugs aimed at limiting ischemic neuronal damage. Their hemodynamic and neurologic side effects are important in assessing safety and tolerability. We studied CNS 1102, a high-affinity noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-channel antagonist, in normal volunteers. The effects of 2 mg CNS 1102 were assessed in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, cross-over trial comparing administration by intravenous infusion for 15 min or bolus for 2 min in 8 healthy male subjects. Cerebral hemodynamics were studied with carotid and vertebral duplex ultrasound imaging, common carotid artery walltracking, and middle cerebral artery velocity readings. CNS 1102 administration was associated with light-headedness, mild disorientation, perioral and peripheral paresthesias, and flushing. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased significantly from baseline 1 h after CNS 1102 administration, with a maximal increase of 17 mm Hg over placebo. Pulse rate was unchanged. Common carotid artery pulsatility decreased by 38.4% [8.3-64.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)] and vertebral pulsatility by 43.8% [11.5-74.1], both p < 0.02. No significant differences were detected for other velocity and flow parameters. Middle cerebral artery mean velocity increased by 4.6 cm/s (1.6-7.8 cm/s) and diastolic velocity by 4.6 cm/s (2.4-7.3 cm/s) (both p < 0.01), but systolic velocity was unchanged. The middle cerebral pulsatility index decreased by 11% (3.8-16.1), p < 0.001. CNS 1102 is well tolerated at a fixed dose of 2 mg in normal volunteers. Cerebral arteriolar constriction is inferred from the ultrasound results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995 May
PMID:Systemic and cerebral hemodynamic responses to the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist CNS 1102. 763 Jan 48

A percutaneous transjugular intrahepatic portocaval shunt (TIPS) was successfully performed using Wallstents in a 53-year-old man with neoplastic disease causing portal hypertension and life-threatening variceal hemorrhage. Shortly afterwards, recurrent hemorrhage was investigated by shunt venography which showed that extrinsic narrowing of the hepatic vein and hepatic vena cava was causing shunt thrombosis. Shunt thrombosis was cleared by balloon occlusion of the shunt and forceful retrograde flushing of thrombus into the portal circulation. The compressed hepatic vein and vena cava were then dilated and stented using Gianturco "Z" stents. Bleeding recurred 3 months later due to focal narrowing within the shunt which possibly was due to intimal proliferation. Repeat dilatation and placement of a coaxial Palmaz stent again relieved portal hypertension. Creation of a TIPS for portal hypertension secondary to neoplasm can produce valuable palliation. Complete assessment of hepatic vein and vena cava patency is required to ensure shunt function.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol
PMID:Transjugular intrahepatic portocaval shunt (TIPS) and hepatic vein-to-caval stenting as salvage treatment of portal hypertension secondary to neoplasm. 768 75

The effects of initial lung flushing with intracellular and extracellular fluid type solutions were studied in lungs stored with the University of Wisconsin solution. Excised Sprague-Dawley rat lungs (n = 39) were flushed first with one of the following solutions: (1) the University of Wisconsin solution (K+ = 140 mmol/L), (2) modified (low potassium) University of Wisconsin solution (K+ = 20 mmol/L), (3) phosphate buffered saline solution (K+ = 3.9 mmol/L), (4) modified low-potassium phosphate-buffered saline solution (K+ = 20 mmol/L), (5) modified high-potassium phosphate-buffered saline solution (K+ = 40 mmol/L), and (6) Euro-Collins solution (K+ = 115 mmol/L) followed by secondary flush with storage solution and cold (4 degrees C) storage in University of Wisconsin solution for 24 hours. The lungs were then reperfused in the isolated, pulsatile, blood-perfused working lung system for 2 hours or until lung failure. Blood gas analysis and shunt fraction, aerodynamic parameters (airway resistance, lung compliance, elastic work, and flow resistive work), and total pulmonary vascular resistance were measured throughout the perfusion period. The mean oxygen tensions (in millimeters of mercury) at 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion for University of Wisconsin solution, modified University of Wisconsin solution, phosphate-buffered saline solution, modified phosphate-buffered saline solutions (20 and 40 mmol/L), and Euro-Collins solution were 56.1 +/- 4.2, 72.7 +/- 9.1, 87.7 +/- 6.9 (p < 0.01 versus University of Wisconsin solution; p < 0.01 versus Euro-Collins solution), 86.0 +/- 9.6 (p < 0.01 versus University of Wisconsin solution; p < 0.01 versus Euro-Collins solution), 87.9 +/- 7.7 (p < 0.01 versus University of Wisconsin solution; p < 0.01 versus Euro-Collins solution), and 53.5 +/- 6.0, respectively. All aerodynamic parameters in the lungs flushed with extracellular fluid type solutions were superior to those flushed with intracellular fluid type solutions. We conclude that the efficacy of initial flushing was essential for successful lung preservation and that extracellular fluid type solutions were superior to intracellular fluid type solutions, at least for flushing the lung before storage with University of Wisconsin solution. Potassium concentration in flushing solution should be 20 mmol/L or less to obtain appropriate flushing and subsequent adequate distribution of the storage solution.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995 Jun
PMID:Impact of initial flush potassium concentration on the adequacy of lung preservation. 777 73


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