Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A single intravenous injection of four hypothalamic releasing hormones-corticotropin-, growth hormone-, gonadotropin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormones-was administered to normal subjects. Except for the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level, a statistically significant increase in all anterior pituitary hormone levels occurred. Transient flushing was the only consistent side effect. In the same persons, results were compared with those obtained with insulin-induced hypoglycemia and a single-dose overnight metyrapone test. Growth hormone and cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were similar but prolactin increment was less than that obtained by the peptide injection. ACTH increments from both tests were substantially less than those obtained by the overnight metyrapone test. We conclude that pituitary function can be effectively studied in normal subjects by the combination of a metyrapone test with a triple bolus of growth hormone-, thytropin- and gonadotropin-releasing hormones, but not by a quadruple bolus of the hypothalamic peptides. Compared with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, this approach yields more information with fewer side effects.
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PMID:Quadruple injection of hypothalamic peptides to evaluate pituitary function in normal subjects. 391 7

Growth hormone (GH) has recently been shown to promote the development of preimplantation embryos. The aim of our study was therefore to analyze the effects of GH on the morphology and ultrastructure of the cells of bovine preimplantation embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF). In order to determine the physiologically optimal morphology of blastocysts, ex vivo embryos obtained by uterine flushing were also included in the study. As shown by transmission electron microscopy, treatment with GH induced the elimination of glycogen storage in cells of the inner cell mass of 7-day-old embryos. GH also stimulated the exocytosis of lipid vesicles in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells of these embryos. Quantitative analysis of micrographs demonstrated a higher volume density of embryonic mitochondria in 7-day-old embryos cultured with GH than in control embryos. Treatment with GH regularly resulted in an improvement of the ultrastructural features of embryos produced in vitro, thus resembling the morphology of ex vivo embryos. Scanning electron-microscopy studies demonstrated that GH altered the structure and the pore size of the zona pellucida of blastocysts. Our studies imply that GH can modulate carbohydrate, lipid, and energy metabolism and influence transportation processes in the early IVF embryo.
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PMID:Effects of growth hormone on the ultrastructure of bovine preimplantation embryos. 1517 May 63