Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Administration of the anti-hypertensive agent clonidine as a single (0.5 mg) oral dose or as multiple doses (0.2-0.4 mg/day for 4 days) markedly reduced plasma catecholamines (decrement = 81 +/- 3% and 68 +/- 5%, respectively; X +/- SE, % of basal; both P less than 0.001) in normal male volunteers. Five patients with various metabolic disorders showed similar responses. The absolute decrements in plasma catecholamines correlated significantly with basal catecholamine levels (P less than 0.001). Clonidine-induced decrements in mean arterial blood pressure correlated significantly with decrements in plasma catecholamines (P less than 0.001). The clonidine effect upon catecholamine levels was reversed by phentolamine (clonidine = -68 +/- 5%; clonidine with phentolamine = -1 +/- 16%). The decrements in catecholamines induced by clonidine in normal subjects were associated with increased sensitivity to the pressor effect of infusion of exogenous norepinephrine. In an analogous fashion flushing associated with endogenous adrenergic discharge was blocked by clonidine, whereas that due to exogenous catecholamines was intensified. These data are compatible with data in experimental animals suggesting that clonidine acts at least in part by interaction with a central alpha adrenergic receptor.
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PMID:Suppression of plasma catecholamines and flushing by clonidine in man. 22 15

Results of an open evaluation of the therapy with low-dosage clonidine (Dixarit) in a series of 20 patients with symptoms of menopausal flushing are presented. Twelve of the 17 patients who completed the 12-week trial noted an improvement in their condition: this improvement was marked in eight patients. The greatest improvement was noted in the perimenopausal group of women whose dosage requirement was 25 microgram three times a day. Postmenopausal women tended to be more refractory to the therapy and required larger dosages for the relief of symptoms.
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PMID:Low-dosage clonidine (Dixarit) in menopausal flushing. 50 51

Twenty-five women suffering from climacteric complaints after surgical castration were treated with clonidine in a placebo controlled trial. Clonidine in the dose of 75 to 150 mug daily diminished the attack rates of flushing and sweating significantly. It can be recommended as a safe therapy for climacteric patients, at least those with contra-indications to oestrogen therapy.
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PMID:Clonidine in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. 110

Shapiro's syndrome comprises agenesis of the corpus callosum in association with episodic hyperhidrosis and hypothermia. We describe a 25-year-old man who is the twentieth case to be reported. There was no evidence of epilepsy, sympathetic nervous system dysfunction or inappropriate vasopressin release. However, investigation demonstrated a central defect in temperature regulation with an abnormally low hypothalamic set-point and normal homeothermic reflexes. Therapy with clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, was associated with remission of symptoms: these recurred on four occasions when clonidine was withdrawn. Clonidine therapy was also associated with a return to normal central temperature regulation. We suggest that the efficacy of clonidine reflects an action on hypothalamic thermoregulation rather than on peripheral catecholamine release. These findings have implications for the use of clonidine in other patients with Shapiro's syndrome and in more common disorders of temperature control, including perimenopausal flushing.
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PMID:Clonidine therapy for Shapiro's syndrome. 163 Dec 58

The effects of clonidine hydrochloride, an agent effective in suppressing other types of flushing reactions, were investigated in patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Clonidine hydrochloride, 0.05 mg, was given orally twice daily for two weeks. Mean arterial BP was not altered during clonidine treatment. Flushing reactions provoked with water at 60 degrees C, red wine, and chocolate were not suppressed during clonidine treatment. Clonidine did lead to malar hypothermia. It may be that any treatment benefit obtained from the reduction in vascular reactivity by clonidine in rosacea is offset by the malar hypothermia.
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PMID:Effect of subdepressor clonidine on flushing reactions in rosacea. Change in malar thermal circulation index during provoked flushing reactions. 621 89

Flushing in rosacea has been investigated by means of (a) pharmacological inhibition of some possible chemical mediators and (b) titration of bradykinin as a possible effector directly in the blood. Clonidine-inhibited flushing was seen in all patients (mean 45%), other drugs had poorer results. Bradykinin increased in all patients at the climax of flushing (mean 60%). These findings support the hypothesis that epinephrine promotes a bradykinin release responsible for vasodilation.
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PMID:Flushing in rosacea: a possible mechanism. 621 30

Clonidine, 0.05 mg twice daily, was evaluated in a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study in 66 patients who had had menopausal flushing for less than 1 year. Although the placebo effect was substantial, clonidine reduced the frequency of attacks significantly more than did placebo. In three of the four trials the patients' comparisons of symptoms before and after crossover indicated significantly greater improvement when the crossover was from placebo to clonidine rather than the reverse. The frequency, severity and duration of attacks were reduced by clonidine in 78%, 89% and 88% of the patients respectively, and by placebo in 50%, 53% and 50%. Side effects were minimal and their pattern was the same for clonidine as for placebo. Clonidine's action as a peripheral vascular stabilizer makes it potentially useful for the treatment of menopausal flushing. It would be prudent to include clonidine at the beginning of treatment so that its efficacy could be assessed in each individual. Its use would enhance the effects of the usual management of the menopausal syndrome, which consists of explanation, reassurance and, sometimes, the use of tranquillizers. Clonidine is a symptomatic medication that makes flushing more tolerable and should reduce the number of patients who would otherwise be exposed to the risks of estrogens.
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PMID:Clonidine (Dixarit) for menopausal flushing. 699 52

Postmenopausal women experiencing hot flashes in whom estrogen replacement is contraindicated have alternatives available to them; however, there is no clearly defined treatment modality. The literature addressing many of these alternatives has serious limitations, which include the small number of women enrolled and lack of comparative studies between agents. Each patient needs to be assessed in terms of her current medical status, concomitant medications, and the degree to which vasomotor instability interferes with everyday activities. The literature suggests that megestrol acetate 20 mg bid may provide significant relief. Women who opt to use megestrol acetate must be told in advance that the effects will not be felt immediately particularly if tamoxifen is used concomitantly. Clonidine and medroxyprogesterone may constitute potential alternatives, but patients may not be able to tolerate the adverse effects. Because of the lack of literature supporting their clinical use, options such as vitamin E and ginseng need to be approached cautiously. Exercise has a role in alleviating some of the complications associated with menopause, such as heart disease and osteoporosis, but its effect on neurotransmitters and hormone concentrations, and how this relates to the treatment of hot flashes have not been characterized. Patients should be told that regular physical activity, a balanced diet, avoidance of alcohol and caffeine, and stress reduction may be of additional help in decreasing vasomotor flushing.
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PMID:Alternatives to estrogen for the treatment of hot flashes. 922 57