Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0016382 (flushing)
 6,387 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The subjects, 104 patients who had experienced more than two migraine episodes per month during the previous 6 months, received 60 mg of nicardipine daily for 2 months in an uncontrolled, Phase-IV study. Eighty-nine patients (mean age, 40 years; 16 with and 73 without aura; 60 women) completed the treatment regimen. The patients' blood pressure did not change during treatment. The mean number of migraine attacks was reduced significantly from 6.7 per month during the 3 months before treatment to 4.0 per month during treatment. The number of severe attacks was also reduced significantly. The patients' subjective ratings of the frequency and intensity of the attacks and their need for analgesia were reduced significantly from before to after treatment. Side effects (flushing and shortness of breath) were reported by four patients. It is concluded that nicardipine is safe and effective in the prevention of migraine attacks.
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PMID:Nicardipine in the prevention of migraine headaches. 146 86

Acetate dialysate is currently the most widely used in hemodialysis. The adverse effect of acetate during hemodialysis is well known upon the cardiovascular system. However, hypersensitivity reactions related to acetate during dialysis therapy are rare. We report a patient who developed hypersensitivity reactions such as generalized skin itching, flushing, hypotension and shortness of breath within a few minutes of beginning hemodialysis with acetate dialysate. Changing dialyzer membranes failed to alleviate these symptoms. Using the same dialyzer and tubing, these reactions disappeared immediately when bicarbonate dialysate was substituted for acetate dialysate. The patient's serum IgE and total eosinophile counts were normal. We conclude that acetate may initiate hypersensitivity reactions during hemodialysis. The exact mechanism is still unclear.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity to acetate dialysate: report of a case. 168 77

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a perfluorochemical emulsion, Fluosol, with short-term high inspired oxygen tension as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of high-grade tumors of the brain. Radiation was delivered to the whole brain at 1.8 Gy per daily treatment for 5 weeks to a total dose of 45 Gy. The radiation portals were then reduced in size to encompass the known volume of tumor, as determined by the presurgical contrast-enhancing ring on computed tomography (CT), plus a 3-cm margin. An additional 10 treatments of 2 Gy each were given to the smaller volume, to bring the total tumor dose to 65 Gy in 7 weeks. This report describes the experience of the first 18 patients treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center on this study, whose median follow-up time from the date of surgery is 77 weeks (62-115 w). Immediately following Fluosol administration on a Monday, patients breathed 100% oxygen for at least 45 minutes prior to and throughout their radiation treatment. On each subsequent day of the weeks in which they received Fluosol, patients breathed 100% oxygen. Hematology and blood chemistries were also drawn prior to Fluosol treatment each Friday during treatment and at the 2-week, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up visits. The median age of the patients was 45 years (16-72); 13 patients were male and 15 carried the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (3 had anaplastic astrocytoma). Two thirds of the patients had an initial allergic reaction to the Fluosol consisting of back pain, shortness of breath, and flushing, but all responded to 50-100 mg of Benadryl. During radiation therapy, all patients developed scalp erythema and complete alopecia by the end of 3 weeks, but no patient required a treatment rest. The serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase were examined before and throughout the Fluosol treatment and, by week 5, 11/18 of the patients had increased values of all three enzymes above the upper range of normal. These increases persisted through the end of treatment, but most values returned to essentially normal by the 3-month follow-up visit. We conclude that Fluosol, given in the manner described above, appears to be associated with minimal significant side effects and no changes could be detected in the white matter of any of the patients at the time of their magnetic resonance imaging study at 6 months follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase I/II study of the use of Fluosol as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of primary high-grade brain tumors. 216 56

It is generally agreed that bicarbonate dialysate is preferable to acetate dialysate, but the major limiting factors of high cost and technical difficulty in maintaining its stability for prolonged periods preclude its widespread use. The procedure developed by the authors stabilizes bicarbonate dialysate for up to 4 days, rendering bicarbonate dialysate feasible for routine out-patient use. HCO3 dialysate is produced in our dialysis unit after an initial investment of $10,000.00, at a cost per 4-h treatment of $1.22 at a dialysate flow of 500 cc/min. One hundred fifty-one chronic dialysis patients participated in an 18-week study to evaluate clinical symptomatology when bicarbonate was substituted for acetate as the dialysis base buffer. Evaluation of each dialysis treatment (total of 8,183 treatments) consisted of both subjective and objective criteria (vomiting, angina, cramps, hypotension, and frequency of use of mannitol, hypertonic saline, and nitroglycerine). The patients were unaware of the change in dialysate solutions. There was a significant reduction (p less than 0.001) in the incidence of vomiting, cramps, hypotension, nausea, flushing, and the use of mannitol and hypertonic saline during bicarbonate dialysate treatment compared with acetate dialysate. Shortness of breath, angina, mental confusion, and paresthesias were not statistically changed. Although the method of HCO3 dialysate production is associated with occasional higher bacterial count than currently recommended by AAMI standards, no adverse reactions were observed in patients treated with standard efficiency dialyzers. It is concluded that the process for incenter HCO3 production is safe, economical, and better tolerated than acetate dialysate.
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PMID:An economical new process for incenter bicarbonate dialysate production: comparison with acetate in a large dialysis population. 280 52

Nifedipine, 30 mg/day for 4 weeks, was compared to placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, as an additional drug added to the usual treatment of 14 patients with bronchial asthma. Nifedipine did not significantly change peak expiratory flow rates or subjective symptoms like cough, sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath, or disturbed sleep. Nifedipine did not decrease the number of salbutamol rotacaps inhaled per day. Arterial blood pressure significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) after nifedipine treatment, and side effects (headache and flushing) were not uncommon. In this study, long-term treatment with nifedipine had essentially no effect on subjective symptoms at peak expiratory flow rates.
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PMID:Nifedipine treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. 329 78

Eight patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) and five with various other T cell malignancies were treated with mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) T101. Doses of 1 to 500 mg were administered weekly over a two-hour period and resulted in one complete remission (convoluted T cell lymphoma) and one partial remission (CTCL). Remission duration was 6 weeks and 3 months, respectively. Frequent toxicities were pruritus, hives, flushing, and shortness of breath. Supraventricular arrhythmias and blood pressure instability were also observed. Complete targeting of peripheral blood T cells was achieved with 1 mg of MoAb in the nonleukemic patients (WBC less than 10,000/microL), and free, bioavailable antibody was present at the next (10-mg) dose level. Even higher doses resulted in substantial antibody excess that persisted for as long as 6 weeks. Serum concentrations of MoAb decreased with increasing number of peripheral blood T cells, and 25 to 35 mg of T101 were required for induction of antibody excess in leukemic patients. Excess antibody induced antigenic modulation, which was of consequence only if MoAb excess persisted to the next treatment. In the original treatment, the rapidly administered MoAb was able to target and remove peripheral blood T cells before the development of antigenic modulation. Antimouse antibodies developed in three patients. Their presence rendered further therapy ineffective and was associated with an anaphylactic reaction in one patient. Development of these antibodies could not be predicted by lymphoproliferative assays. In these assays, however, the T101 protein strongly stimulated the mononuclear cells of the patient who reached the only complete remission of this trial. Immunologic stimulation by the MoAb thus might have played a role in this patient's antitumor response. In summary, therapy with MoAb T101 was specific but only modestly efficacious. Rapid infusion of nonmodulating doses of antibody provided excellent targeting and removal of peripheral blood T cells and might be a valid approach in future trials with immunoconjugated T101.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody T101 in T cell malignancies: a clinical, pharmacokinetic, and immunologic correlation. 348 78

A case of intravenous labetalol in the treatment of a resistant hypertensive emergency is reported. Although there have been several reports of the use of oral labetalol in resistant hypertension, no intravenous administration in hypertensive emergency resistant to other drugs has been reported to date. A 36-year-old black female with BP of 270/160 mm Hg with complaints greater than one month's duration of dizziness, severe headaches, blurred vision, shortness of breath, vomiting, palpitations, flushing, agitation, diarrhea, weakness, and weight loss, was treated successfully with intravenous labetalol after she failed to respond to other established parenteral antihypertensive drugs. The patient received labetalol 20 mg iv bolus, and then 20 mg every ten minutes until a cumulative dose of 200 mg was attained. Labetalol produced a prompt but smooth reduction in BP without any reflex tachycardia or other adverse effects. Intravenous labetalol may be safe and effective for the management of rapid BP control in hypertensive emergencies resistant to other parenteral antihypertensive agents.
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PMID:Intravenous labetalol in the management of resistant hypertensive emergency. 360 97

Acute anaphylactoid reactions occurred immediately after initiation of intravenous infusions of cyclosporine in three patients post-organ transplantation. Shortness of breath, flushing, tachypnea, chest pain, pruritus, or urticaria were noted; rapid recovery followed cessation of drug infusion. Subsequently, oral cyclosporine has been used in each patient without recurrence of the observed reaction. The presence of Cremophor EL as an emulsifying agent in the parenteral dosage formulation of cyclosporine is a likely etiology for this acute adverse reaction. Slowed rates of drug infusion and antihistamine premedication may permit continued intravenous cyclosporine use in affected patients.
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PMID:Anaphylactoid reactions associated with parenteral cyclosporine use: possible role of Cremophor EL. 400 35

Treatment for 2 days with disulfiram (3.5 mg/kg once daily) and calcium carbimide (0.7 mg/kg twice daily) in social drinkers produced, as compared to controls, similar blood ethanol values, 2- to 3-fold increases in blood acetaldehyde, respectively, and increased heart rate, pulse pressure, skin temperature, and flushing following 0.15 g/kg of ethanol taken 12 hr after the last drug administration. Peak blood acetaldehyde concentration was greater for calcium carbimide compared to disulfiram (p less than 0.05) and subjects treated with calcium carbimide experienced greater discomfort compared to disulfiram due to palpitations and shortness of breath, and they reported less intention to drink during the reaction. However, neither drug produced sufficient aversion to curtail further drinking totally. With repeated drinks, there was an overall reduction of blood acetaldehyde concentration for calcium carbimide of 85% and for disulfiram of 35%. These data may provide a biochemical basis for the claims of certain alcoholics that they can drink to "burn off" the effects of these drugs.
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PMID:A placebo-controlled double-blind comparative clinical study of the disulfiram- and calcium carbimide-acetaldehyde mediated ethanol reactions in social drinkers. 634 21

Echocardiography and thallium-201 imaging with coronary vasodilators such as dipyridamole have been shown to be useful in detecting the presence and prognostic significance of coronary artery disease. Adenosine, a potent and direct coronary vasodilator, has a shorter physiologic half-life than dipyridamole, which exerts its effect by blocking the cellular uptake of adenosine. Because of the potential advantage of dipyridamole, we undertook this study to determine the correlation of adenosine echocardiography with thallium scintigraphy. Forty-two patients (18 men and 24 women; mean age 64) who were unable to undergo treadmill exercise and were known or suspected to have coronary artery disease were studied. A baseline echocardiogram was obtained in four standard views followed by adenosine infusion at a rate of 140 micrograms/kg/min for 6 minutes. Thallium-201 was administered 3 minutes into the infusion while a second echocardiogram was performed. Thallium-201 imaging was begun immediately after the infusion of adenosine and repeated 4 hours later. Sixteen patients underwent coronary angiography within 1 month of the adenosine echocardiogram and thallium-201 study. At the peak infused dose of adenosine there was a significant increase in heart rate (12 beats/min; p = 0.0001) and rate-pressure product (1.3 x 10(3) beats/min x mm Hg; p = 0.02) and statistically insignificant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Sixty-two percent of patients experienced side effects during the adenosine infusion, with chest pain, shortness of breath, and flushing occurring most frequently. These side effects resolved within 1 to 2 minutes after the infusion was stopped. Ischemic electrocardiographic changes occurred in 19% of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlation of adenosine echocardiography and thallium scintigraphy. 849 1


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